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Lu Y, Wang Z, Wang F. Error of relativistic effective core potentials for closed-shell diatomic molecules of p-block heavy and superheavy elements in DFT and TDDFT calculations. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:244107. [PMID: 38149737 DOI: 10.1063/5.0173826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudopotentials (PP) are extensively used in electronic structure calculations, particularly for molecules containing heavy elements. Parameters in PPs are mainly determined from ab initio results, and errors of such PPs in density functional theory (DFT) calculations have been studied previously. However, PP errors on results with spin-orbit coupling and those in time-dependent DFT (TDDFT) calculations have not been reported previously. In this work, we investigate the error of the small-core energy-consistent Stuttgart/Koln pseudopotentials in DFT and TDDFT calculations with and without spin-orbit coupling. Ground state bond lengths, harmonic frequencies, dissociation energies, and vertical excitation energies for a series of closed-shell diatomic heavy and superheavy p-block molecules are calculated using several popular exchange-correlation functionals. PP errors are estimated by comparing with results using the all-electron Dirac-Coulomb (-Gaunt) Hamiltonian. Our results show that the difference between ground state properties and most excitation energies in scalar-relativistic calculations with the PP and those of all-electron calculations is quite small. This difference becomes somewhat larger when spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is present, especially for properties that are affected by SOC to some extent. In addition, the errors of the PPs are insensitive to the employed exchange-correlation functionals in most cases. Our results indicate that reasonable DFT and TDDFT results can be obtained using the small-core energy-consistent Stuttgart/Koln pseudopotentials for heavy and super-heavy p-block molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Lu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifan Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People's Republic of China
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Erba A, Desmarais JK, Casassa S, Civalleri B, Donà L, Bush IJ, Searle B, Maschio L, Edith-Daga L, Cossard A, Ribaldone C, Ascrizzi E, Marana NL, Flament JP, Kirtman B. CRYSTAL23: A Program for Computational Solid State Physics and Chemistry. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:6891-6932. [PMID: 36502394 PMCID: PMC10601489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Crystal program for quantum-mechanical simulations of materials has been bridging the realm of molecular quantum chemistry to the realm of solid state physics for many years, since its first public version released back in 1988. This peculiarity stems from the use of atom-centered basis functions within a linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) approach and from the corresponding efficiency in the evaluation of the exact Fock exchange series. In particular, this has led to the implementation of a rich variety of hybrid density functional approximations since 1998. Nowadays, it is acknowledged by a broad community of solid state chemists and physicists that the inclusion of a fraction of Fock exchange in the exchange-correlation potential of the density functional theory is key to a better description of many properties of materials (electronic, magnetic, mechanical, spintronic, lattice-dynamical, etc.). Here, the main developments made to the program in the last five years (i.e., since the previous release, Crystal17) are presented and some of their most noteworthy applications reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Erba
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jacques K. Desmarais
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Silvia Casassa
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Bartolomeo Civalleri
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Donà
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Ian J. Bush
- STFC
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton Didcot, Oxfordshire OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - Barry Searle
- SFTC
Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Cheshire WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Lorenzo Maschio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Edith-Daga
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cossard
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Chiara Ribaldone
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Eleonora Ascrizzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Naiara L. Marana
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Università di Torino, via Giuria 5, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Jean-Pierre Flament
- Université
de Lille, CNRS, UMR 8523 — PhLAM — Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Bernard Kirtman
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
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Hu SX, Zou W. Stable copernicium hexafluoride (CnF 6) with an oxidation state of VI. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 24:321-325. [PMID: 34889909 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04360a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As the heaviest group 12 element known currently, copernicium (Cn) often presents the oxidation states of I+, II+, and rarely IV+ as in its homologue mercury. In this work we systematically studied the stability of some oxides, fluorides, and oxyfluorides of Cn by two-component relativistic calculations and found that the CnF6 molecule with an oxidation state of VI+ has an extraordinary stability. CnF6 may decompose into CnF4 by conquering an energy barrier of about 34 kcal mol-1 without markedly releasing heat. Our results indicate that CnF6 may exist under some special conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xian Hu
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, P. R. China
| | - Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710127, P. R. China.
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4
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Zou W, Cai Z, Wang J, Xin K. An open library of relativistic core electron density function for the QTAIM analysis with pseudopotentials. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:1697-1706. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenli Zou
- Institute of Modern Physics, Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710127 People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Theoretical Physics Frontiers; Xi'an Shaanxi 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Cai
- School of Physics; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Wang
- School of Physics; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710127 People's Republic of China
| | - Kunyu Xin
- School of Physics; Northwest University; Xi'an Shaanxi 710127 People's Republic of China
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5
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Steenbergen KG, Mewes JM, Pašteka LF, Gäggeler HW, Kresse G, Pahl E, Schwerdtfeger P. The cohesive energy of superheavy element copernicium determined from accurate relativistic coupled-cluster theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:32286-32295. [PMID: 29199301 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07203a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The cohesive energy of bulk copernicium is accurately determined using the incremental method within a relativistic coupled-cluster approach. For the lowest energy structure of hexagonal close-packed (hcp) symmetry, we obtain a cohesive energy of -36.3 kJ mol-1 (inclusion of uncertainties leads to a lower bound of -39.6 kJ mol-1), in excellent agreement with the experimentally estimated sublimation enthalpy of -38 kJ mol-1 [R. Eichler et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2008, 47, 3262]. At the coupled-cluster singles, doubles and perturbative triples level of theory, we find that the hcp structure is energetically quasi-degenerate with both face-centred and body-centred cubic structures. These results provide a basis for testing various density-functionals, of which the PBEsol functional yields a cohesive energy of -34.1 kJ mol-1 in good agreement with our coupled-cluster value.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Steenbergen
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University (Albany), Bob Tindall Bldg., 0745 Auckland, New Zealand.
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Jerabek P, Schuetrumpf B, Schwerdtfeger P, Nazarewicz W. Electron and Nucleon Localization Functions of Oganesson: Approaching the Thomas-Fermi Limit. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:053001. [PMID: 29481184 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.053001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fermion localization functions are used to discuss electronic and nucleonic shell structure effects in the superheavy element oganesson, the heaviest element discovered to date. Spin-orbit splitting in the 7p electronic shell becomes so large (∼10 eV) that Og is expected to show uniform-gas-like behavior in the valence region with a rather large dipole polarizability compared to the lighter rare gas elements. The nucleon localization in Og is also predicted to undergo a transition to the Thomas-Fermi gas behavior in the valence region. This effect, particularly strong for neutrons, is due to the high density of single-particle orbitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Jerabek
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Bastian Schuetrumpf
- NSCL/FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Peter Schwerdtfeger
- Centre for Theoretical Chemistry and Physics, The New Zealand Institute for Advanced Study, Massey University Auckland, 0632 Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, NO-0271 Oslo, Norway
| | - Witold Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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Guo M, Cao Z, Wang Z, Wang F. Properties of closed-shell superheavy element hydrides and halides using coupled-cluster method and density functional theory with spin-orbit coupling. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:044304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5011648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Minggang Guo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhanli Cao
- School of Science, Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi’an 710121, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhifan Wang
- School of Electronic Engineering, Chengdu Technological University, Chengdu 611730, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, People’s Republic of China
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8
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Gao DD, Cao Z, Wang F. Spin–Orbit Effects in Closed-Shell Heavy and Superheavy Element Monohydrides and Monofluorides with Coupled-Cluster Theory. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:1231-42. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b11948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Gao
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Zhanli Cao
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
| | - Fan Wang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Energy Density Physics and Technology, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, P. R. China
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Li WL, Li Y, Xu CQ, Wang XB, Vorpagel E, Li J. Periodicity, Electronic Structures, and Bonding of Gold Tetrahalides [AuX4]− (X = F, Cl, Br, I, At, Uus). Inorg Chem 2015; 54:11157-67. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.5b01489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Lu Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Cong-Qiao Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics
and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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11
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Kim I, Lee YS. Two-component multi-configurational second-order perturbation theory with Kramers restricted complete active space self-consistent field reference function and spin-orbit relativistic effective core potential. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:164104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4898153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inkoo Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
| | - Yoon Sup Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, South Korea
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12
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Kim I, Lee YS. Two-component Kramers restricted complete active space self-consistent field method with relativistic effective core potential revisited: Theory, implementation, and applications to spin-orbit splitting of lower p-block atoms. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:134115. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4822426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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13
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Hangele T, Dolg M, Schwerdtfeger P. Relativistic energy-consistent pseudopotentials for superheavy elements 119 and 120 including quantum electrodynamic effects. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:174113. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4803148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tim Hangele
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstr. 4, 50939 Cologne, Germany.
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