1
|
Alvarez MA, Casado-Ruano M, García ME, García-Vivó D, Guerra AM, Ruiz MA. Electronic Structure and Donor Ability of an Unsaturated Triphosphorus-Bridged Dimolybdenum Complex. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11548-11561. [PMID: 34279915 PMCID: PMC8901102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The triphosphorus complex [Mo2Cp2(μ-η3:η3-P3)(μ-PtBu2)] was prepared in 83% yield by reacting the methyl complex [Mo2Cp2(μ-κ1:η2-CH3)(μ-PtBu2)(μ-CO)] with P4 at 333 K, a process also giving small amounts of the methyldiphosphenyl complex [Mo2Cp2(μ-η2:η2-P2Me)(μ-PtBu2)(CO)2]. The latter could be better prepared by first reacting the anionic complex Na[Mo2Cp2(μ-PtBu2)(μ-CO)2] with P4 to give the diphosphorus derivative Na[Mo2Cp2(μ-η2:η2-P2)(μ-PtBu2)(CO)2] and further reaction of the latter with MeI. Density functional theory calculations on the title complex revealed that its triphosphorus group can be viewed as an allylic-like P3- ligand acting as a six-electron donor via the external P atoms, while coordination of the internal P atom involves donation from the π orbital of the ligand and back-donation to its π* orbital, both interactions having a weakening effect on the Mo-Mo and P-P connections. The reactivity of the title compound is dominated by the electron-donor ability associated with the lone pairs located at the P atoms. Its reaction with CF3SO3Me gave [Mo2Cp2(μ-η3:η3-P3Me)(μ-PtBu2)](CF3SO3) as a result of methylation at an external atom of the P3 ligand, while its reaction with [Fe2(CO)9] enabled the addition of one, two, or three Fe(CO)4 fragments at these P atoms, but only the diiron derivative [Mo2Fe2Cp2(μ-η3:η3:κ1:κ1-P3)(μ-PtBu2)(CO)8] could be isolated. This complex bears a Fe(CO)4 fragment at each of the external atoms of the P3 ligand, and the central P atom of the latter displays the lowest 31P chemical shift reported to date (δP -721.8 ppm). The related complexes [Mo2M2Cp2(μ-η3:η3:κ1:κ1-P3)(μ-PtBu2)(CO)10] (M = Mo, W) were prepared by reacting the title compound with the corresponding [M(CO)5(THF)] complexes in toluene, while reaction with [Mo(CO)4(THF)2] also enabled the formation of the heptanuclear derivative [Mo7Cp4(μ-η3:η3:κ1:κ1-P3)2(μ-PtBu2)2(CO)14]. The interatomic distances in the above compounds indicate that the central Mo2P3 skeleton of these molecules is little modified by the attachment of 16-electron M(CO)n fragments at the external atoms of the P3 ligand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Angeles Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Melodie Casado-Ruano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - M Esther García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana M Guerra
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33071 Oviedo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Payard PA, Perego LA, Grimaud L, Ciofini I. A DFT Protocol for the Prediction of 31P NMR Chemical Shifts of Phosphine Ligands in First-Row Transition-Metal Complexes. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Adrien Payard
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Luca Alessandro Perego
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- PSL University, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, I-CLeHS, CNRS-Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75005 Paris 05, France
| | - Laurence Grimaud
- Laboratoire des Biomolécules, LBM, Département de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Ciofini
- PSL University, Institute of Chemistry for Health and Life Sciences, I-CLeHS, CNRS-Chimie ParisTech, 11 rue P. et M. Curie, F-75005 Paris 05, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ariai J, Saielli G. "Through-Space" Relativistic Effects on NMR Chemical Shifts of Pyridinium Halide Ionic Liquids. Chemphyschem 2019; 20:108-115. [PMID: 30312005 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated, using two-component relativistic density functional theory (DFT) at ZORA-SO-BP86 and ZORA-SO-PBE0 level, the occurrence of relativistic effects on the 1 H, 13 C, and 15 N NMR chemical shifts of 1-methylpyridinium halides [MP][X] and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium trihalides [BMP][X3 ] ionic liquids (ILs) (X=Cl, Br, I) as a result of a non-covalent interaction with the heavy anions. Our results indicate a sizeable deshielding effect in ion pairs when the anion is I- and I3 - . A smaller, though nonzero, effect is observed also with bromine while chlorine based anions do not produce an appreciable relativistic shift. The chemical shift of the carbon atoms of the aromatic ring shows an inverse halogen dependence that has been rationalized based on the little C-2s orbital contribution to the σ-type interaction between the cation and anion. This is the first detailed account and systematic theoretical investigation of a relativistic heavy atom effect on the NMR chemical shifts of light atoms in the absence of covalent bonds. Our work paves the way and suggests the direction for an experimental investigation of such elusive signatures of ion pairing in ILs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jama Ariai
- Department of Chemical Sciences University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy.,Present address: Institute of Organic Chemistry, Justus-Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Giacomo Saielli
- CNR Institute on Membrane Technology, Padova Unit, Via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Alvarez MA, Casado-Ruano M, García ME, García-Vivó D, Ruiz MA. Dehydrogenation, Methyl Elimination and Insertion Reactions of the Agostic Methyl-Bridged Complex [Mo2
Cp2
(μ-κ1
:η2
-CH3
)(μ-Pt
Bu2
)(μ-CO)]. Chemistry 2018; 24:9504-9507. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Angeles Alvarez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM; Universidad de Oviedo; E-33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Melodie Casado-Ruano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM; Universidad de Oviedo; E-33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - M. Esther García
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM; Universidad de Oviedo; E-33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Daniel García-Vivó
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM; Universidad de Oviedo; E-33071 Oviedo Spain
| | - Miguel A. Ruiz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica/IUQOEM; Universidad de Oviedo; E-33071 Oviedo Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Štíbr B, Holub J, Bakardjiev M, Lane PD, McKee ML, Wann DA, Hnyk D. Unusual Cage Rearrangements in 10-Vertex nido-5,6-Dicarbaborane Derivatives: An Interplay between Theory and Experiment. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:852-860. [PMID: 28004918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6b02320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reaction between selected X-nido-5,6-C2B8H11 compounds (where X = Cl, Br, I) and "Proton Sponge" [PS; 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene], followed by acidification, results in extensive rearrangement of all cage vertices. Specifically, deprotonation of 7-X-5,6-C2B8H11 compounds with one equivalent of PS in hexane or CH2Cl2 at ambient temperature led to a 7 → 10 halogen rearrangement, forming a series of PSH+[10-X-5,6-C2B8H10]- salts. Reprotonation using concentrated H2SO4 in CH2Cl2 generates a series of neutral carbaboranes 10-X-5,6-C2B8H11, with the overall 7 → 10 conversion being 75%, 95%, and 100% for X = Cl, Br, and I, respectively. Under similar conditions, 4-Cl-5,6-C2B8H11 gave ∼66% conversion to 3-Cl-5,6-C2B8H11. Since these rearrangements could not be rationalized using the B-vertex swing mechanism, new cage rearrangement mechanisms, which are substantiated using DFT calculations, have been proposed. Experimental 11B NMR chemical shifts are well reproduced by the computations; as expected δ(11B) for B(10) atoms in derivatives with X = Br and I are heavily affected by spin-orbit coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohumil Štíbr
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i. , CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Josef Holub
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i. , CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Mario Bakardjiev
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i. , CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| | - Paul D Lane
- Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York, U.K. YO10 5DD
| | - Michael L McKee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Derek A Wann
- Department of Chemistry, University of York , Heslington, York, U.K. YO10 5DD
| | - Drahomír Hnyk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry of the ASCR, v.v.i. , CZ-250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertani R, Mozzon M, Sgarbossa P, Tamburini S, Casarin M, Mangione G, Casella G, Venzo A, Rizzato S, Albinati A. Pt(II) nitrile complexes: New insights on old complexes from a combined experimental and theoretical study. Inorganica Chim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
7
|
Arz MI, Hoffmann D, Schnakenburg G, Filippou AC. NHC-stabilized Silicon(II) Halides: Reactivity Studies with Diazoalkanes and Azides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius I. Arz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - David Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander C. Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Petersen TO, Simone D, Krossing I. From Ion-Like Ethylzinc Aluminates to [EtZn(arene)2]+[Al(ORF)4]−Salts. Chemistry 2016; 22:15847-15855. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thies Olaf Petersen
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Dustin Simone
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| | - Ingo Krossing
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie and Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF); Universität Freiburg; Albertstrasse 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Casella G, Bagno A, Komorovsky S, Repisky M, Saielli G. Four-Component Relativistic DFT Calculations of 13
C Chemical Shifts of Halogenated Natural Substances. Chemistry 2015; 21:18834-40. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
10
|
Petersen TO, Tausch E, Schaefer J, Scherer H, Roesky PW, Krossing I. Ethyl-Zinc(II)-Cation Equivalents: Synthesis and Hydroamination Catalysis. Chemistry 2015; 21:13696-702. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201502328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
11
|
Groh MF, Paasch S, Weiz A, Ruck M, Brunner E. Unexpected Reactivity of Red Phosphorus in Ionic Liquids. Eur J Inorg Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201500502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
12
|
Bene JED, Alkorta I, Elguero J. P···N Pnicogen Bonds in Cationic Complexes of F4P+ and F3HP+ with Nitrogen Bases. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:3125-33. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Janet E. Del Bene
- Department
of Chemistry, Youngstown State University, Youngstown, Ohio 44555 United States
| | - Ibon Alkorta
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Elguero
- Instituto de Química Médica (IQM-CSIC), Juan de la Cierva, 3, E-28006 Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Chernyshev KA, Krivdin LB, Fedorov SV, Arbuzova SN, Ivanova NI. Quantum chemical calculations of NMR chemical shifts of organic molecules: XI. Conformational and relativistic effects on the 31P and 77Se chemical shifts of phosphine selenides. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428013100035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
14
|
Chernyshev KA, Krivdin LB. Quantum-chemical calculations of NMR chemical shifts of organic molecules: VI. Accuracy of DFT calculations of 29Si chemical shifts of four-coordinate silicon compounds. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428012120044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
15
|
Chernyshev KA, Larina LI, Chirkina EA, Rozinov VG, Krivdin LB. Quantum-chemical calculations of chemical shifts in NMR spectra of organic molecules: V. Stereochemical structure of unsaturated phosphonic acids dichlorides from 31P NMR spectral data. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428012050077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
16
|
Chernyshev KA, Larina LI, Chirkina EA, Krivdin LB. The effects of intramolecular and intermolecular coordination on (31)P nuclear shielding: phosphorylated azoles. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2012; 50:120-127. [PMID: 22331772 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 10/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The effects of intramolecular and intermolecular coordination on (31)P nuclear shielding have been investigated in the series of tetracoordinated, pentacoordinated and hexacoordinated N-vinylpyrazoles and intermolecular complexes of N-vinylimidazole and 1-allyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazole with phosphorous pentachloride both experimentally and theoretically. It was shown that either intramolecular or intermolecular coordination involving phosphorous results in a dramatic (31)P nuclear shielding amounting to approximately 150 ppm on changing the phosphorous coordination number by one. A major importance of solvent effects on (31)P nuclear shielding of intramolecular and intermolecular complexes involving N → P coordination bond has been demonstrated. It was found that the zeroth-order regular approximation-gauge-including atomic orbital-B1PW91/DZP method was sufficiently accurate for the calculation of (31)P NMR chemical shifts, provided relativistic corrections are taken into account, the latter being of crucial importance in the description of (31)P nuclear shielding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirill A Chernyshev
- A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Favorsky Str, 664033, Irkutsk, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chernyshev KA, Larina LI, Chirkina EA, Rozinov VG, Krivdin LB. Quantum-chemical calculation of NMR chemical shifts of organic molecules: III. Intramolecular coordination effects on the 31P NMR chemical shifts of phosphorylated N-vinylazoles. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2012. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428011120128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
18
|
Alkorta I, Elguero J. Influence of the basis set on the calculation of the absolute 13C shieldings of methyl derivatives (CH3X with X = CH3, CN, NH2, NO2, OH, F) with special emphasis in the cases of X = Cl, Br, SH, SeH, and PH2. Struct Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-010-9608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
19
|
Casabianca LB, de Dios AC. Ab initiocalculations of NMR chemical shifts. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:052201. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2816784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
|
20
|
Raabe I, Röhr C, Krossing I. Exploring the chemistry of free CI3+: reactions with the weak Lewis bases PX3 (X = Cl-I), AsI3 and Et2O. Dalton Trans 2007:5376-86. [PMID: 18026586 DOI: 10.1039/b711639j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
What is the preferred coordination site of CI3+? Recent computational work suggested the iodine atoms of the Lewis acid CI3+ to be more electrophilic than the classically expected carbon atom, e.g. the complex with water is of type I2C-I...OH2+ and not the classically expected I3C-OH2+. If this structure is correct, one may also anticipate reactions of CI3+ as an I+ donor. Thus, we were interested in investigating the chemistry of CI3+ in the room-temperature stable salt [CI3]+[pftb](-) ([pftb](-) = [Al(OC(CF3)3)4]-) with weak nucleophiles that i) mimic water (OEt2) or ii) are electronically deactivated weak nucleophiles (PX3, X = Cl-I; AsI3). One question was: is it possible to obtain iodine-coordinated Lewis acid-base adducts of the CI3+ cation? With Et2O as a base, the cation behaves as a strong Lewis acid and cleaves the ether to give I3C-OEt, C2H4 and [H(Et2O)2]+. By contrast PX3 and AsI3 coordinate to the CI3+ cations and the adducts have classical, carbon-bound ethane-like structures, as proven by X-ray single-crystal diffraction, IR, UV-Vis and NMR spectroscopy. From variable temperature 13C NMR studies, it followed for the I3C-AsI3+ salt that the equilibrium between CI3+ and AsI3 is reversible and temperature dependent in solution. The I3C-PI3+ salt decomposes at room temperature giving PI4+ and C2I4, likely through an iodine coordinated I2C-I[dot dot dot]PI3+ intermediate. Thus CI3+ may also act as an I+ donor. All reactions are in agreement with ab initio quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/TZVPP level and assignments of experimental spectra were aided by quantum chemistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ines Raabe
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg i. Br., Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gonsior M, Krossing I, Matern E. A spirocyclic P-S cage cation: synthesis and formation of P7S6I2+. Chemistry 2007; 12:1986-96. [PMID: 16402394 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200500142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Upon ionization of the P4S3I2 molecule with Ag[Al(OR)4], a highly reactive sulfonium cation P4S3I+ is generated (NMR simulated and assigned). At -80 degrees C this cation reacts with additional P4S3I2 to give either an iodophosphonium P4S3I3+ cation (NMR simulated and assigned) and P4S3 or to give several isomers of a metastable compound that is probably P8S3I3+. This mixture decomposes at 0 degrees C to give only three isomers of the spirocyclic P7S6I2+ cage cation (31P NMR simulated and assigned, X-ray of one isomer, IR assigned). The oxidation of the [Ag(P4S3)2]+ complex by I2 also resulted in the formation of P7S6I2+, but with more by-products. The spirocyclic 15-atom cage of P7S6I2+ has no precedent and contains the first phosphonium center bonded only to P and S atoms. This structural element gives the first experimental clue as to how formal charge-bearing elements in the still unknown class of binary P-Ch (Ch = chalcogen) or homopolyatomic P cations may be constructed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gonsior
- Universität Karlsruhe TH, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Engesserstrasse Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe (Germany)
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
The first condensed-phase preparation of ternary P-Ch-X cations (Ch=O-Te, X=F-I) is reported: [P5S3X2]+, [P5S2X2]+, and [P4S4X]+ (X=Br, I). [P5S3X2]+ is formed from the reaction of the Ag+/PX3 reagent with P4S3. The [P5S3X2]+ ions have a structure that is related to P4S5 by replacing P=S by P+--X and S in the four-membered ring by P(X). We provide evidence that the active ingredient of the Ag+/PX3 reagent is the (H2CCl2)Ag-X-PX2+ cation. The latter likely reacts with the HOMO of P4S3 in a concerted HOMO-LUMO addition to give the P5S3X2+ ion as the first species visible in situ in the low-temperature 31P NMR spectrum. The [P5S3X2]+ ions are metastable at -78 degrees C and disproportionate at slightly higher temperatures to give [P5S2X2]+ and [P4S4X]+, probably with the extrusion of 1/n (PX)n (X=Br, I). All six new cage compounds have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and, in part, by IR or Raman spectroscopy. The [P5S2X2]+ salts have a nortricyclane skeleton and were also characterized by X-ray crystallography. The structure of the [P4S4X]+ ion is related to that of P4S5 in that the exo-cage P=S bond is replaced by an isoelectronic P+--X moiety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gonsior
- Universität Karlsruhe TH, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Engesserstrasse Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Feindel KW, Ooms KJ, Wasylishen RE. A solid-state 55Mn NMR spectroscopy and DFT investigation of manganese pentacarbonyl compounds. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:1226-38. [PMID: 17325769 DOI: 10.1039/b616821c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Central transition (55)Mn NMR spectra of several solid manganese pentacarbonyls acquired at magnetic field strengths of 11.75, 17.63, and 21.1 T are presented. The variety of distinct powder sample lineshapes obtained demonstrates the sensitivity of solid-state (55)Mn NMR to the local bonding environment, including the presence of crystallographically unique Mn sites, and facilitates the extraction of the Mn chemical shift anisotropies, CSAs, and the nuclear quadrupolar parameters. The compounds investigated include molecules with approximate C(4v) symmetry, LMn(CO)(5)(L = Cl, Br, I, HgMn(CO)(5), CH(3)) and several molecules of lower symmetry (L = PhCH(2), Ph(3-n)Cl(n)Sn (n= 1, 2, 3)). For these compounds, the Mn CSA values range from <100 ppm for Cl(3)SnMn(CO)(5) to 1260 ppm for ClMn(CO)(5). At 21.1 T the (55)Mn NMR lineshapes are appreciably influenced by the Mn CSA despite the presence of significant (55)Mn quadrupolar coupling constants that range from 8.0 MHz for Cl(3)SnMn(CO)(5) to 35.0 MHz for CH(3)Mn(CO)(5). The breadth of the solid-state (55)Mn NMR spectra of the pentacarbonyl halides is dominated by the CSA at all three applied magnetic fields. DFT calculations of the Mn magnetic shielding tensors reproduce the experimental trends and the magnitude of the CSA is qualitatively rationalized using a molecular orbital, MO, interpretation based on Ramsey's theory of magnetic shielding. In addition to the energy differences between symmetry-appropriate occupied and virtual MOs, the d-character of the Mn MOs is important for determining the paramagnetic shielding contribution to the principal components of the magnetic shielding tensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirk W Feindel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada AB T6G 2G2
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krossing I, Reisinger A. Chemistry with weakly-coordinating fluorinated alkoxyaluminate anions: Gas phase cations in condensed phases? Coord Chem Rev 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2005.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
25
|
Gonsior M, Müller L, Krossing I. Lewis Acid Stabilized OPI3: Implications for the Nature of Free OPI3. Chemistry 2006; 12:5815-22. [PMID: 16718721 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200501188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
While reinvestigating the published synthesis of OPI(3), it became evident from the experiments that phosphoryl triodide may only be formed as an intermediate and that the end products of the reaction of OPCl(3) with LiI are P(V) oxides, PI(3), I(2), and LiCl. This is also in agreement with MP2/TZVPP calculations, which assign Delta(r)H degrees (Delta(r)G degrees ) [Delta(r)G degrees in CHCl(3)] for the disproportionation of OPI(3) as -7 (-18) [-17 kJ mol(-1)] (assuming P(4)O(10) as the P(V) oxide). The first products of this reaction visible in a low-temperature in situ (31)P NMR experiment are P(2)I(4) and PI(3), as well as traces of a compound that may be OPCl(2)I. By contrast, it was possible to prepare and structurally characterize Lewis acid [A] stabilized [A]<--OPX(3) adducts, where [A] is Al(OR(F))(3) for X=Br and Al(OR(F))(2)(mu-F)Al(OR(F))(3) for X=I (R(F)=C(CF(3))(3)). These adducts are formed on decomposition of PX(4) (+)[Al(OR(F))(4)](-); high yields of Br(3)PO-->Al(OR(F))(3) (delta((31)P)=-65) were obtained, while I(3)PO-->Al(OR(F))(3) (delta((31)P)=-337) and I(3)PO-->Al(OR(F))(2)(mu-F)Al(OR(F))(3) (delta((31)P)=-332) are only formed as by-products. The main product of the room-temperature decomposition of PI(4) (+)[Al(OR(F))(4)](-) is PI(4) (+)[(R(F)O)(3)Al(mu-F)Al(OR(F))(3)](-), which was also characterized by X-ray crystallography and was independently prepared from Ag(+)[(R(F)O)(3)Al(mu-F)Al(OR(F))(3)](-), PI(3), and I(2).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gonsior
- Universität Karlsruhe TH, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Engesserstrasse Geb. 30.45, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bagno A, Casella G, Saielli G. Relativistic DFT Calculation of 119Sn Chemical Shifts and Coupling Constants in Tin Compounds. J Chem Theory Comput 2005; 2:37-46. [DOI: 10.1021/ct050173k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Bagno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica “Stanislao Cannizzaro”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy, and Istituto CNR per la Tecnologia delle Membrane, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Girolamo Casella
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica “Stanislao Cannizzaro”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy, and Istituto CNR per la Tecnologia delle Membrane, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giacomo Saielli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy, Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica e Analitica “Stanislao Cannizzaro”, Università di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze Parco d'Orleans II, 90128 Palermo, Italy, and Istituto CNR per la Tecnologia delle Membrane, Sezione di Padova, via Marzolo, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rautiainen JM, Way T, Schatte G, Passmore J, Laitinen RS, Suontamo RJ, Valkonen J. A Computational and Experimental Study of the Structures and Raman and 77Se NMR Spectra of SeX3+ and SeX2 (X = Cl, Br, I): FT-Raman Spectrum of (SeI3)[AsF6]. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:1904-13. [PMID: 15762716 DOI: 10.1021/ic048310w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ability of MP2, B3PW91 and PBE0 methods to produce reliable predictions in structural and spectroscopic properties of small selenium-halogen molecules and cations has been demonstrated by using 6-311G(d) and cc-pVTZ basis sets. Optimized structures and vibrational frequencies agree closely with the experimental information, where available. Raman intensities are also well reproduced at all levels of theory. Calculated GIAO isotropic shielding tensors yield a reasonable linear correlation with the experimental chemical shift data at each level of theory. The largest deviations between calculated and experimental chemical shifts are found for selenium-iodine species. The agreement between observed and calculated chemical shifts for selenium-iodine species can be improved by inclusion of relativistic effects using the ZORA method. The best results are achieved by adding spin-orbit correction terms from ZORA calculations to nonrelativistic GIAO isotropic shielding tensors. The calculated isotropic shielding tensors can be utilized in the spectroscopic assignment of the 77Se chemical shifts of novel selenium-halogen molecules and cations. The experimental FT-Raman spectra of (SeI3)[AsF6] in the solid state and in SO2(l) solution are also reported.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mikko Rautiainen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FIN-40014, Finland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gonsior M, Krossing I. Preparation of stable AsBr4+and I2As–PI3+salts. Why didn't we succeed to prepare AsI4+and As2X5+? A combined experimental and theoretical study. Dalton Trans 2005:1203-13. [PMID: 15782255 DOI: 10.1039/b417629d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In analogy to our successful "PX2+" insertion reactions, an "AsX2+" insertion route was explored to obtain new arsenic halogen cations. Two new salts were prepared: AsBr4+[Al(OR)4]-, starting from AsBr3, Br2 and Ag[Al(OR)4], and I2As-PI3+[Al(OR)]4 from AsI3, PI3 and Ag[Al(OR)4](R=C(CF3)3). The first cation is formally a product of an "AsBr2+" insertion into the Br2 molecule and the latter clearly a "PI2+" insertion into the As-I bond of the AsI3 molecule. Both compounds were characterized by IR and NMR spectroscopy, the first also by its X-ray structure. Reactions of Ag[Al(OR)4] with AsI3 do not lead to ionization and AgI formation but rather lead to a marginally stable Ag(AsI3)2+[Al(OR)]4 salt. Despite many attempts we failed to prepare other PX-cation analogues such as AsI4+, As2X5+ and P4AsX2+(X=Br, I). To explain these negative results the thermodynamics of the formation of EX2+, EX4+ and E2X5+(E = As, P; X = Br, I) was carefully analyzed with MP2/TZVPP calculations and inclusion of entropy and solvation effects. We show that As2Br5+ is in very rapid equilibrium with AsBr2+ and AsBr3(DeltaGo((CH2Cl2))=+30 kJ mol(-1)). The extremely reactive AsBr2+ cation available in the equilibrium accounts for the observed decomposition of the [Al(OR)4]- anion. By contrast, the stability of AsI3 against Ag[Al(OR)4] appears to be kinetic and, if prepared by a suitable route, As2I5+ would be expected to have a stability intermediate between the known P2I5+ and P2Br5+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gonsior
- Universität Karlsruhe, Institut für Anorganische Chemi, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kaupp M. Relativistic Effects on NMR Chemical Shifts. THEORETICAL AND COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s1380-7323(04)80036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
30
|
Feindel KW, Wasylishen RE. Phosphorus magnetic shielding tensors for transition-metal compounds containing phosphine, phosphido, and phosphinidene ligands: Insights from computational chemistry. CAN J CHEM 2004. [DOI: 10.1139/v03-176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study examines the quality of the restricted HartreeFock (RHF) ab initio, B3LYP hybrid density functional theory (DFT), and relativistic zeroth-order regular approximation (ZORA) DFT methods for the calculation of phosphorus chemical shift (CS) tensors in phosphine, phosphido, and phosphinidene transition-metal complexes. A detailed comparison of calculated and experimental 31P CS tensors allows us to identify the characteristic advantages of each computational method. The results from B3LYP and ZORA-DFT calculations indicate that a double-ζ quality basis set reproduces experimental values of the principal components of the 31P CS tensor in many of the phosphorus-containing transition-metal complexes investigated, whereas the RHF method requires a triple-ζ doubly polarized basis set, yet fails in the case of the terminal phosphido group. Inclusion of the spin-orbit relativistic correction with the ZORA-DFT formalism requires a triple-ζ quality basis set to reproduce the experimental data. We demonstrate the merit of modern computational methods for investigating theoretically the effect of geometric variations upon the phosphorus CS tensor by systematically altering the WP bond length and the W-P-CMe bond angle in W(CO)5(PMe3). Additionally, a previously reported correlation, determined experimentally, relating the 31P CS tensor to the Fe-P-Fe bond angle in a series of iron phosphido-bridging compounds, has been reproduced with calculations using the model compound Fe2(CO)6(µ2-PPh2)(µ2-Cl). The results presented demonstrate the value of modern computational techniques for obtaining a greater understanding of the relationship between phosphorus chemical shifts and molecular structure.Key words: 31P chemical shift, phosphine, phosphido, phosphinidene, RHF, B3LYP, relativistic, ZORA-DFT.
Collapse
|
31
|
RUIZ DE AZÚA MC, MELO JI, GIRIBET CG. Orbital contributions to relativistic corrections of the NMR nuclear magnetic shielding tensor originated in scalar field-dependent operators. Mol Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1080/00268970310001617784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
32
|
Patchkovskii S, Ziegler T. Phosphorus NMR Chemical Shifts with Self-Interaction Free, Gradient-Corrected DFT. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014184v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Serguei Patchkovskii
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| | - Tom Ziegler
- Steacie Institute for Molecular Sciences, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0R6 Canada, and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta, T2N 1N4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Krossing I. Reactions of P4 and I2 with Ag[Al(OC(CF3)3)4]: from elusive polyphosphorus cations to subvalent P3I6+ and phosphorus rich P5I2+. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b103957c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
|
35
|
Vaara J, Malkina OL, Stoll H, Malkin VG, Kaupp M. Study of relativistic effects on nuclear shieldings using density-functional theory and spin–orbit pseudopotentials. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1330208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
36
|
Aubauer C, Engelhardt G, Klapötke T, Nöth H, Schulz A, Warchhold M. Synthesis and Characterization of the Phosphorus Halide−Boron Halide Complexes X3PBY3 (X = Cl, Br, I; Y = Br, I) by31P MAS NMR, IR, and Raman Spectroscopy and the Crystal Structure of Br3PBBr3. Eur J Inorg Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-0682(200010)2000:10<2245::aid-ejic2245>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
37
|
Kaupp M, Malkina OL, Malkin VG. The role of ?-type nonbonding orbitals for spin-orbit induced NMR chemical shifts: DFT study of13C and19F shifts in the series CF3IFn (n=0, 2, 4, 6). J Comput Chem 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-987x(199909)20:12<1304::aid-jcc11>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|