1
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Bouallagui A, Zanchet A, Bañares L, García-Vela A. An ab initio study of the photodissociation of the vinyl radical. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7387-7395. [PMID: 35266503 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00180b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation of the vinyl radical through pathways CH2CH → CH2C + H, CH2CH → CHCH + H, and CH2CH → CH2 + CH is investigated by means of high-level ab initio calculations. Potential-energy curves (PECs) along the corresponding dissociating bond distance associated with the ground and several excited electronic states involved in the above fragmentation pathways, as well as the nonadiabatic couplings connecting the different states, are obtained. The findings of several experiments on vinyl photodissociation performed at different excitation wavelengths are analyzed and explained qualitatively in the light of the present PECs. A two-dimensional representation (consisting of radial and angular coordinates to represent one of the H atoms of the CH2 group) is also used to calculate the electronic states. The surfaces obtained reflect a rich variety of conical intersections, exit barriers, and nonadiabatic couplings leading to predissociation in different regions of energy and of the two coordinates, suggesting a complex photodissociation dynamics of the CH2CH → CHCH + H pathway, with rather different fragmentation mechanisms involved. The two-dimensional results also provide interesting information on the mechanism of in-plane hydrogen migration from the CH2 group to the CH one through a high-lying transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bouallagui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Atomique, Moléculaire et Applications-LSAMA LR01ES09, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Université de Tunis El Manar, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia.,Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Zanchet
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - L Bañares
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Unidad Asociada I + D + i CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanoscience), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - A García-Vela
- Instituto de Física Fundamental, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 123, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Chicharro DV, Zanchet A, Bouallagui A, Rubio-Lago L, García-Vela A, Bañares L, Marggi Poullain S. Site-specific hydrogen-atom elimination in photoexcited alkyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2458-2468. [PMID: 33463638 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A prompt site-specific hydrogen-atom elimination from the α-carbon atom (Cα) has been recently reported to occur in the photodissociation of ethyl radicals following excitation at 201 nm [Chicharro et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 6494]. Such pathway was accessed by means of an initial ro-vibrational energy characterizing the radicals produced by in situ photolysis of a precursor. Here, we present experimental evidence of a similar dynamics in a series of alkyl radicals (C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, and i-C3H7) containing the same reaction coordinate, but different extended structures. The main requirements for the site-specific mechanism in the studied radicals, namely a rather high content of internal energy prior to dissociation and the participation of vibrational promoting modes, is discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the radicals. The methyl deformation mode in all alkyl radicals along with the CH bending motion in i-C3H7 appear to promote this fast H-atom elimination channel. The photodissociation dynamics of the simplest unsaturated alkyl radical, the vinyl radical (C2H3), is also discussed, showing no signal of site-specific fast H-atom elimination. The results are complemented with high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations of potential energy curves of the vinyl radical, which are compared with those previously reported for the ethyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David V Chicharro
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I + D + i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Loos PF, Jacquemin D. Chemically Accurate 0–0 Energies with Not-so-Accurate Excited State Geometries. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2481-2491. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.8b01103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-François Loos
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- Laboratoire CEISAM - UMR CNRS 6230, Université de Nantes, 2 Rue de la Houssiniére, BP 92208, 44322 Nantes, Cedex 3, France
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4
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Ashfold MNR, Ingle RA, Karsili TNV, Zhang J. Photoinduced C–H bond fission in prototypical organic molecules and radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13880-13901. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We survey and assess current knowledge regarding the primary photochemistry of hydrocarbon molecules and radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
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5
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DeVine JA, Weichman ML, Xie C, Babin MC, Johnson MA, Ma J, Guo H, Neumark DM. Autodetachment from Vibrationally Excited Vinylidene Anions. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:1058-1063. [PMID: 29438618 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Slow electron velocity-map imaging of the cryogenically cooled H2CC¯ anion reveals a strong dependence of its high-resolution photoelectron spectrum on detachment photon energy in two specific ranges, from 4000 to 4125 cm-1 and near 5020 cm-1. This effect is attributed to vibrational excitation of the anion followed by autodetachment to H2CC + e¯. In the lower energy range, the electron kinetic energy (eKE) distributions are dominated by two features that occur at constant eKEs of 114(3) and 151.9(14) cm-1 rather than constant electron binding energies, as is typically seen for direct photodetachment. These features are attributed to ΔJ = ΔK = 0 autodetachment transitions from two vibrationally excited anion states. The higher energy resonance autodetaches to neutral eigenstates with amplitude in the theoretically predicted shallow well lying along the vinylidene-acetylene isomerization coordinate. Calculations provide assignments of all autodetaching anion states and show that the observed autodetachment is facilitated by an intersection of the anion and neutral surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn A DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marissa L Weichman
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Changjian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Mark C Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Sterling Chemistry Laboratory, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut 06520, United States
| | - Jianyi Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico , Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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6
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DeVine JA, Weichman ML, Laws B, Chang J, Babin MC, Balerdi G, Xie C, Malbon CL, Lineberger WC, Yarkony DR, Field RW, Gibson ST, Ma J, Guo H, Neumark DM. Encoding of vinylidene isomerization in its anion photoelectron spectrum. Science 2017; 358:336-339. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Laws
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jing Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610067, China
| | - Mark C. Babin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Garikoitz Balerdi
- Departmento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Unidad Asociada I+D+I CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Changjian Xie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | | | - W. Carl Lineberger
- JILA and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - David R. Yarkony
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Robert W. Field
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Stephen T. Gibson
- Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jianyi Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610067, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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7
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DeVine JA, Weichman ML, Zhou X, Ma J, Jiang B, Guo H, Neumark DM. Non-Adiabatic Effects on Excited States of Vinylidene Observed with Slow Photoelectron Velocity-Map Imaging. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:16417-16425. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b10233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jessalyn A. DeVine
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Marissa L. Weichman
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xueyao Zhou
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jianyi Ma
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Department
of Chemical Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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8
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Ryazantsev MN, Jamal A, Maeda S, Morokuma K. Global investigation of potential energy surfaces for the pyrolysis of C(1)-C(3) hydrocarbons: toward the development of detailed kinetic models from first principles. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 17:27789-805. [PMID: 26434394 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04329h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Detailed kinetic models (DKMs) are the most fundamental "bottom-up" approaches to computational investigation of the pyrolysis and oxidation of fuels. The weakest points of existing DKMs are incomplete information about the reaction types that can be involved in the potential energy surfaces (PESs) in pyrolysis and oxidation processes. Also, the computational thermodynamic parameters available in the literature vary widely with the level of theory employed. More sophisticated models require improvement both in our knowledge of the type of the reactions involved and the consistency of thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. In this paper, we aim to address these issues by developing ab initio models that can be used to describe early stages of pyrolysis of C1-C3 hydrocarbons. We applied a recently developed global reaction route mapping (GRRM) strategy to systematically investigate the PES of the pyrolysis of C1-C3 hydrocarbons at a consistent level of theory. The reactions are classified into 14 reaction types. The critical points on the PES for all reactions in the network are calculated at the highly accurate UCCSD(T)-F12b/cc-pVTZ//UM06-2X/cc-pVTZ level of theory. The data reported in this paper can be used for first principle calculations of kinetic constants and for a subsequent study on modeling the evolution of the species from the reaction network of the pyrolysis and oxidation of C1-C3 hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail N Ryazantsev
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA.
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9
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Tabor DP, Harding ME, Ichino T, Stanton JF. High-Accuracy Extrapolated Ab Initio Thermochemistry of the Vinyl, Allyl, and Vinoxy Radicals. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7668-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp302527n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Tabor
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
| | - Michael E. Harding
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
| | - Takatoshi Ichino
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
| | - John F. Stanton
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, Department of
Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 105 E. 24th St., A5300, Austin, Texas 78712-0165,
United States
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10
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Infrared fluorescence from multiphoton dissociation of vinyl bromide: Emission from the products and the parent molecule. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2012.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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11
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Ge Y, Cameron Shore T. Theoretical calculations on the hydrogen elimination of ethene with chemical accuracy. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2011.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Boyle JM, Bell DM, Anderson SL. Reaction of C2H2(+) (n · ν2, m · ν5) with NO2: reaction on the singlet and triplet surfaces. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:034313. [PMID: 21261359 DOI: 10.1063/1.3517499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integral cross sections and product recoil velocity distributions were measured for reaction of C(2)H(2)(+) with NO(2), in which the C(2)H(2)(+) reactant was prepared in its ground state, and with mode-selective excitation in the cis-bend (2ν(5)) and CC stretch (n · ν(2), n = 1, 2). Because both reactants have one unpaired electron, collisions can occur with either singlet or triplet coupling of these unpaired electrons, and the contributions are separated based on distinct recoil dynamics. For singlet coupling, reaction efficiency is near unity, with significant branching to charge transfer (NO(2)(+)), O(-) transfer (NO(+)), and O transfer (C(2)H(2)O(+)) products. For triplet coupling, reaction efficiency varies between 13% and 19%, depending on collision energy. The only significant triplet channel is NO(+) + triplet ketene, generated predominantly by O(-) transfer, with a possible contribution from dissociative charge transfer at high collision energies. NO(2)(+) formation (charge transfer) can only occur on the singlet surface, and appears to be mediated by a weakly bound complex at low energies. O transfer (C(2)H(2)O(+)) also appears to be dominated by reaction on the singlet surface, but is quite inefficient, suggesting a bottleneck limiting coupling to this product from the singlet reaction coordinate. The dominant channel is O(-) transfer, producing NO(+), with roughly equal contributions from reaction on singlet and triplet surfaces. The effects of C(2)H(2)(+) vibration are modest, but mode specific. For all three product channels (i.e., charge, O(-), and O transfer), excitation of the CC stretch fundamental (ν(2)) has little effect, 2 · ν(2) excitation results in ∼50% reduction in reactivity, and excitation of the cis-bend overtone (2 · ν(5)) results in ∼50% enhancement. The fact that all channels have similar mode dependence suggests that the rate-limiting step, where vibrational excitation has its effect, is early on the reaction coordinate, and branching to the individual product channels occurs later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Boyle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Room 2020, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, USA
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13
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Orr BJ. Spectroscopy and energetics of the acetylene molecule: dynamical complexity alongside structural simplicity. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350600892577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Orr
- a Department of Physics and Centre for Lasers and Applications , Macquarie University , Sydney , NSW 2109 , Australia
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14
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Cucarull-González JR, Hernando J, Alibés R, Figueredo M, Font J, Rodríguez-Santiago L, Sodupe M. [2 + 2] Photocycloaddition of 2(5H)-Furanone to Unsaturated Compounds. Insights from First Principles Calculations and Transient-Absorption Measurements. J Org Chem 2010; 75:4392-401. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100341a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Hernando
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - R. Alibés
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - M. Figueredo
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | - J. Font
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
| | | | - M. Sodupe
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain
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15
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Nikow M, Wilhelm MJ, Dai HL. Vibrational modes of the vinyl and deuterated vinyl radicals. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8857-70. [PMID: 19594157 DOI: 10.1021/jp809735e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Following the initial report of the detection of fundamental transitions of all nine vibrational modes of the vinyl radical [Letendre , L. ; Liu , D.-K. ; Pibel , C. D. ; Halpern , J. B. ; Dai , H.-L. J. Chem. Phys. 2000 , 112 , 9209] by time-resolved IR emission spectroscopy, we have re-examined the assignments of the vibrational modes through isotope substitution. Precursor molecules vinyl chloride-d3, vinyl bromide-d3, and 1,3-butadiene-d6 are used for generating vibrationally excited vinyl-d3 through 193 nm photolysis. The nondeuterated versions of these molecules along with vinyl iodide and methyl vinyl ketone are used as precursors for the production of vinyl-h3. IR emission following the 193 nm photolysis laser pulse is recorded with nanosecond time and approximately 8 cm(-1) frequency resolution. A room-temperature acetylene gas cell is used as a filter to remove the fundamental transitions of acetylene, a photolysis product, in order to reduce the complexity of the emission spectra. Two-dimensional cross-spectra correlation analysis is used to identify the emission bands from the same emitting species and improve the S/N of the emission spectra. Isotope substitution allows the identification of several low-frequency vibrational modes. For C2H3, the assigned modes are the nu4 (CC stretch) at 1595, nu5 (CH2 symmetric bend) at 1401, nu6 (CH2 asymmetric + alpha-CH bend) at 1074, nu8 (CH2 + alpha-CH symmetric out-of-plane (oop) bend) at 944, and nu9 (CH2 + alpha-CH asymmetric oop bend) at 897 cm(-1). For C2D3, the modes are the nu5 (CD2 symmetric bend) at 1060, nu6 (CD2 asymmetric + alpha-CD bend) at 820, and nu8 (CD2 + alpha-CD symmetric oop bend) at 728 cm(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Nikow
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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16
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Chichinin AI, Gericke KH, Kauczok S, Maul C. Imaging chemical reactions – 3D velocity mapping. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903235045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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McIntosh GJ, Russell DK. Molecular mechanisms in the pyrolysis of unsaturated chlorinated hydrocarbons. NEW J CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b808495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Nguyen MT, Matus MH, Lester, WA, Dixon DA. Heats of Formation of Triplet Ethylene, Ethylidene, and Acetylene. J Phys Chem A 2007; 112:2082-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074769a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0339, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - Myrna H. Matus
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0339, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - William A. Lester,
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0339, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0339, Department of Chemistry, University of Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium, and Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, and Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-1460
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Payne MA, Milce AP, Frost MJ, Orr BJ. Rovibrational Energy Transfer in the 4νCH Manifold of Acetylene, Viewed by IR−UV Double-Resonance Spectroscopy. 4. Collision-Induced Quasi-Continuous Background Effects. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:3307-19. [PMID: 16509657 DOI: 10.1021/jp055245i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 4nu(CH) rovibrational manifold around 12 700 cm(-1) in the electronic ground state, X, of acetylene (C2H2) is monitored by time-resolved infrared-ultraviolet double-resonance (IR-UV DR) spectroscopy. An IR laser pulse initially prepares rotational J states, associated with the "IR-bright" (nu1 + 3nu3) or (1 0 3 0 0)0 vibrational combination level, and subsequent collision-induced state-to-state energy transfer is probed by UV laser-induced fluorescence. Anharmonic, l-resonance, and Coriolis couplings affect the J states of interest, resulting in a congested rovibrational manifold that exhibits complex intramolecular dynamics. In preceding papers in this series, we have described three complementary forms of the IR-UV DR experiment (IR-scanned, UV-scanned, and kinetic) on collision-induced rovibrational satellites, comprising both regular even-DeltaJ features and unexpected odd-DeltaJ features. This paper examines an unusual collision-induced quasi-continuous background (CIQCB) effect that is apparently ubiquitous, accompanying regular even-DeltaJ rovibrational energy transfer and accounting for much of the observed collision-induced odd-DeltaJ satellite structure; certain IR-bright (1 0 3 0 0)0 rovibrational states (e.g., J = 12) are particularly prominent in this regard. We examine the mechanism of this CIQCB phenomenon in terms of a congested IR-dark rovibrational manifold that is populated by collisional transfer from the nearly isoenergetic IR-bright (1 0 3 0 0)0 submanifold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Payne
- Centre for Lasers and Applications, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia
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20
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Carvalho A, Hancock G, Saunders M. The reaction products of the 193 nm photolysis of vinyl bromide and vinyl chloride studied by time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:4337-46. [PMID: 16986077 DOI: 10.1039/b607882f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Time-resolved Fourier transform infrared (TRFTIR) emission spectroscopy has been used to study the 193 nm photolysis of vinyl bromide (C(2)H(3)Br) and vinyl chloride (C(2)H(3)Cl). Time-resolved IR emission was analysed to obtain nascent vibrational state populations of two primary photolysis products: HBr (v = 1-7) and HCl (v = 1-6). In both cases the nascent vibrational state populations monotonically decrease with increasing v and are in excellent agreement with previously published data. Time-resolved populations were analysed to yield rate constants for vibrational relaxation of HBr (v = 1-3) and HCl (v = 1-4) by parent vinyl bromide and vinyl chloride, respectively. In both cases the rate constants were found to increase with increasing vibrational quantum number, in agreement with a single quantum de-excitation via vibrational to vibrational energy transfer. Butadiene (C(4)H(6)) was identified as a secondary product of the photolysis of both vinyl halides, and shown to be formed from the reaction of parent vinyl halide with the vinyl radical. The presence of a buffer gas was found to produce a strong emission feature centred at 2,200 cm(-1), the intensity of which was dependent on the pressure of the buffer gas used, and whose kinetics are indicative of a secondary reaction product. We propose that this emission is from the vibrational progression of the electronic transition A(0, v, 1) --> X(0, v, 2) in the secondary reaction product C(2)H, whose formation route is favoured by the presence of buffer gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Carvalho
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK OX1 3QZ
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Ashfold MNR, Nahler NH, Orr-Ewing AJ, Vieuxmaire OPJ, Toomes RL, Kitsopoulos TN, Garcia IA, Chestakov DA, Wu SM, Parker DH. Imaging the dynamics of gas phase reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:26-53. [PMID: 16482242 DOI: 10.1039/b509304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion imaging methods are making ever greater impact on studies of gas phase molecular reaction dynamics. This article traces the evolution of the technique, highlights some of the more important breakthroughs with regards to improving image resolution and in image processing and analysis methods, and then proceeds to illustrate some of the many applications to which the technique is now being applied--most notably in studies of molecular photodissociation and of bimolecular reaction dynamics.
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Kollias AC, Domin D, Hill G, Frenklach M, Golden DM, Lester WA. Quantum monte carlo study of heats of formation and bond dissociation energies of small hydrocarbons. INT J CHEM KINET 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kunsági-Máté S, Végh E, Nagy G, Kollár L. Quantum chemical investigations on the dynamics of hydrogen halide elimination from vinyl-halides: influence of the molecular environment. Chem Phys Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.02.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Alnama K, Boyé S, Douin S, Innocenti F, O'Reilly J, Roche AL, Shafizadeh N, Zuin L, Gauyacq D. Neutral excited radicals formed by ethylene photodissociation in the 8–24 eV region. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1039/b316056d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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26
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Zhang P, Irle S, Morokuma K, Tschumper GS. Ab initio theoretical studies of potential energy surfaces in the photodissociation of the vinyl radical. I. Ã state dissociation. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1604378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Mann AM, Chen X, Lozovsky VA, Moore CB. Dissociation dynamics of the à 2A″ state of vinyl radical. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1542878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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28
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Ventura E, Dallos M, Lischka H. The valence-excited states T1–T4 and S1–S2 of acetylene: A high-level MR-CISD and MR-AQCC investigation of stationary points, potential energy surfaces, and surface crossings. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1532312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Kunsági-Máté S, Végh E, Nagy G, Kollár L. Influence of the Molecular Environment on the Three-Center versus Four-Center Elimination of HBr from Vinyl Bromide: A Theoretical Approach. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp014512r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Kunsági-Máté
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Eszter Végh
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - Géza Nagy
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Kollár
- Department of General and Physical Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary, and Research Group for Chemical Sensors of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary
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Dallos M, Lischka H, Ventura Do Monte E, Hirsch M, Quapp W. Determination of energy minima and saddle points using multireference configuration interaction methods in combination with reduced gradient following: the S(0) surface of H(2)CO and the T(1) and T(2) surfaces of acetylene. J Comput Chem 2002; 23:576-83. [PMID: 11948584 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.10054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of the reduced gradient following (RGF) method into the COLUMBUS quantum-chemical program system is reported using the newly developed analytic MR-CISD/AQCC gradient feature. By this combination a very useful tool has been developed for general searches of stationary points on ground- and excited-state energy surfaces. This procedure is applied to the S(0) surface of H(2)CO and the T(1) and T(2) surfaces of acetylene. For H(2)CO we investigated three minima (formaldehyde, s-trans, and s-cis hydroxycarbene) and five saddle points. For the T(1) and T(2) states of acetylene the cis- and trans-minima and the planar and nonplanar saddle points were computed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Dallos
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Structural Biology, University of Vienna, Währingerstrasse 17, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Peeters J, Ceursters B, Nguyen HMT, Nguyen MT. The reaction of C2H with H2: Absolute rate coefficient measurements andab initiostudy. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1436481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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32
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Pushkarsky MB, Mann AM, Yeston JS, Moore CB. Electronic spectroscopy of jet-cooled vinyl radical. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1416495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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Osborn DL, Frank JH. Laser-induced fragmentation fluorescence detection of the vinyl radical and acetylene. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Liu DK, Letendre LT, Dai HL. 193 nm photolysis of vinyl bromide: Nascent product distribution of the C2H3Br→C2H2 (vinylidene)+HBr channel. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1382812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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Qi F, Sorkhabi O, Suits AG, Chien SH, Li WK. Photodissociation of ethylene sulfide at 193 nm: a photofragment translational spectroscopy study with VUV synchrotron radiation and ab initio calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:148-61. [PMID: 11273612 DOI: 10.1021/ja003314v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation of ethylene sulfide at 193 nm has been studied using photofragment translational spectroscopy and ab initio theoretical calculations. Tunable synchrotron radiation was used as a universal but selective probe of the reaction products to reveal new aspects of the photodissociation dynamics. The channel giving S + C2H4 was found to be dominated by production of ground-state sulfur atoms (S(3P):S(1D) = 1.44:1), mostly through a spin-forbidden process. The results also suggest the presence of a channel giving S(3P) in conjunction with triplet ethylene C2H4 (3B(1u)) and allow insight into the energy of the latter species near its equilibrium geometry, in which the two methylene groups occupy perpendicular planes. In addition, a channel leading to the production of H2S with C2H2 also has been observed. Our experimental results are supported and elaborated by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Qi
- Chemical Sciences Division, Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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Sherrill CD, Byrd EFC, Head-Gordon M. Complete basis set extrapolations for low-lying triplet electronic states of acetylene and vinylidene. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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37
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Letendre L, Liu DK, Pibel CD, Halpern JB, Dai HL. Vibrational spectroscopy of a transient species through time-resolved Fourier transform infrared emission spectroscopy: The vinyl radical. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Xu K, Zhang J. Photodissociation of the vinyl radical (C2H3) via the first excited state: The C2H2(X̃1Σg+)+H channel. J Chem Phys 1999. [DOI: 10.1063/1.479680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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