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Sakong S, Forster-Tonigold K, Groß A. The structure of water at a Pt(111) electrode and the potential of zero charge studied from first principles. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:194701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4948638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU), Electrochemical Energy Storage, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Kyriakou G, Davidson ERM, Peng G, Roling LT, Singh S, Boucher MB, Marcinkowski MD, Mavrikakis M, Michaelides A, Sykes ECH. Significant quantum effects in hydrogen activation. ACS NANO 2014; 8:4827-4835. [PMID: 24684530 PMCID: PMC4073644 DOI: 10.1021/nn500703k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Dissociation of molecular hydrogen is an important step in a wide variety of chemical, biological, and physical processes. Due to the light mass of hydrogen, it is recognized that quantum effects are often important to its reactivity. However, understanding how quantum effects impact the reactivity of hydrogen is still in its infancy. Here, we examine this issue using a well-defined Pd/Cu(111) alloy that allows the activation of hydrogen and deuterium molecules to be examined at individual Pd atom surface sites over a wide range of temperatures. Experiments comparing the uptake of hydrogen and deuterium as a function of temperature reveal completely different behavior of the two species. The rate of hydrogen activation increases at lower sample temperature, whereas deuterium activation slows as the temperature is lowered. Density functional theory simulations in which quantum nuclear effects are accounted for reveal that tunneling through the dissociation barrier is prevalent for H2 up to ∼190 K and for D2 up to ∼140 K. Kinetic Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the effective barrier to H2 dissociation is so low that hydrogen uptake on the surface is limited merely by thermodynamics, whereas the D2 dissociation process is controlled by kinetics. These data illustrate the complexity and inherent quantum nature of this ubiquitous and seemingly simple chemical process. Examining these effects in other systems with a similar range of approaches may uncover temperature regimes where quantum effects can be harnessed, yielding greater control of bond-breaking processes at surfaces and uncovering useful chemistries such as selective bond activation or isotope separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Kyriakou
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-58132, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull HU6 7RX, U.K
| | - Erlend R. M. Davidson
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - Guowen Peng
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Luke T. Roling
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Suyash Singh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Matthew B. Boucher
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02144, United States
| | - Matthew D. Marcinkowski
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-58132, United States
| | - Manos Mavrikakis
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin−Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K
| | - E. Charles H. Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155-58132, United States
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Gross A. Ab initio molecular dynamics study of hot atom dynamics after dissociative adsorption of H2 on Pd(100). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 103:246101. [PMID: 20366213 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.246101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The relaxation of hot hydrogen atoms upon the dissociative adsorption of H2 on Pd(100) was studied by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations based on density functional theory, modeling the full dissociative adsorption process in a consistent manner. In spite of the nonlinear dependence of every single trajectory on the run conditions, on the average it is the energy dissipation to the substrate that determines the mean distance of the two H atoms after adsorption which amounts to three to four lattice units and provides an upper bound for heavier species such as oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Gross
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Ulm, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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6
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Darling G. Chapter 5 Intra-molecular Energy Flow in Gas–Surface Collisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1573-4331(08)00005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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Gross A, Dianat A. Hydrogen dissociation dynamics on precovered Pd surfaces: Langmuir is still right. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:206107. [PMID: 17677716 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.206107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A recent scanning tunneling microscopy study by Mitsui et al. [Nature (London) 422, 705 (2003)] challenged the well-accepted picture based on early studies of Langmuir that an ensemble of at least two empty, catalytically active sites is required for the dissociative adsorption; instead, aggregates of three or more vacancies should be necessary. We have performed the first ab initio molecular dynamics study of the adsorption dynamics on a precovered surface providing detailed insights into the coverage dependence of the adsorption probability. The simulations show that there is no need to refine the Langmuirian picture: A dimer vacancy is still sufficient to dissociate hydrogen provided the kinetic energy of the molecules is large enough to overcome the relatively small adsorption barrier. In addition, we elucidate further aspects of the dissociation dynamics at precovered surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Gross
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Ulm, D-89069 Ulm, Germany
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McCormack DA, Olsen RA, Baerends EJ. Mechanisms of H2 dissociative adsorption on the Pt(211) stepped surface. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:194708. [PMID: 16161607 DOI: 10.1063/1.1900087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilize classical trajectory calculations to study the reaction dynamics of the dissociative adsorption of H2 on the stepped Pt(211) surface. The potential-energy surface has been obtained through an accurate interpolation of density-functional theory data at the generalized gradient approximation level, using the corrugation reduction procedure. New techniques for visualizing the collective dynamics of trajectories are introduced to elucidate the reaction mechanisms involved. Reaction exhibits a nonmonotonic dependence on collision energy, first decreasing with energy, and then increasing. A strong component of direct nonactivated reaction exists at the top edge of the step over the entire range of energies. The inverse relationship between reaction and collision energy at low energies is attributed to trapping in weak chemisorption wells. These wells also influence the direct reaction at the step, leading to a strong asymmetric dependence on incidence angle. Reaction on the terrace is activated, and only contributes significantly at high energies. Agreement with experiments on Pt(533) [A. T. Gee, B. E. Hayden, C. Mormiche, and T. S. Nunney, J. Chem. Phys. 112, 7660 (2000); Surf. Sci. 512, 165 (2002)] is good, and we are able to suggest new interpretations of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew A McCormack
- Theoretische Chemie, Faculteit Exacte Wetenschappen, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Crespos C, Collins M, Pijper E, Kroes G. Multi-dimensional potential energy surface determination by modified Shepard interpolation for a molecule–surface reaction: H2+Pt(111). Chem Phys Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(03)01033-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Somers MF, McCormack DA, Kroes GJ, Olsen RA, Baerends EJ, Mowrey RC. Signatures of site-specific reaction of H2 on Cu(100). J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1506141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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Pijper E, Somers M, Kroes G, Olsen R, Baerends E, Busnengo H, Salin A, Lemoine D. Six-dimensional quantum dynamics of scattering of (v=0, j=0) H2 from Pt(111): comparison to experiment and to classical dynamics results. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)01074-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brivio GP, Grimley TB, Trioni MI. Inelastic effects in dissociative sticking of diatomic molecules on metals. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1364705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Gee AT, Hayden BE, Mormiche C, Nunney TS. The role of steps in the dynamics of hydrogen dissociation on Pt(533). J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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