1
|
Majid A, Raza NZ, Haider S, Alam K, Naeem S. Electronic Transport Properties of Molecular Clusters Sb 4O 6, P 4Se 3, and P 4O 6. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:4814-4822. [PMID: 38857364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Inorganic molecular crystal (IMC) is a trending class of materials in which structural units comprise molecular cages or clusters bonded via van der Waal forces. The structure-property relationship in IMCs is less known due to the unusual assembly of molecular clusters in these materials. In this paper, the density functional theory-calculated electronic transport properties of the molecular clusters of antimony oxide (Sb4O6), phosphorus triselenide (P4Se3), and phosphorus trioxide (P4O6) are described in detail. The calculated values of highest occupied molecular orbital-lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gaps appeared as 5.487, 2.296, and 4.425 eV for Sb4O6, P4Se3, and P4O6, respectively. The work was carried out to explore the charge transport mechanism in IMCs in order to disclose their potential in practical applications. The calculations involved charge-transfer integral based on Marcus theory to compute the electronic coupling (V), reorganization energies (λ), and hopping rate (k) in the structures. The hopping rate for Sb4O6, P4Se3, and P4O6 is found as 8.49 × 10-12, 1.28 × 10-14, and 2.51 × 10-20 s-1, respectively. The transport properties of Sb4O6 are found better, which predicts the application of the relevant IMC for device grade applications. The findings of this study are important for future application of the IMCs in electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Majid
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Nimra Zaib Raza
- Department of Physics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Haider
- Chemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P.O.Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamran Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment Sapienza, University of Rome, Roma RM 00185, Italy
| | - Samia Naeem
- Department of Physics, Government College Women University Sialkot, Sialkot 51310, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Domingos SR, Tikhonov DS, Steber AL, Eschenbach P, Gruet S, Hrodmarsson HR, Martin K, Garcia GA, Nahon L, Neugebauer J, Avarvari N, Schnell M. Evolution of the ionisation energy with the stepwise growth of chiral clusters of [4]helicene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4928. [PMID: 38858352 PMCID: PMC11164862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely established as ubiquitous in the interstellar medium (ISM), but considering their prevalence in harsh vacuum environments, the role of ionisation in the formation of PAH clusters is poorly understood, particularly if a chirality-dependent aggregation route is considered. Here we report on photoelectron spectroscopy experiments on [4]helicene clusters performed with a vacuum ultraviolet synchrotron beamline. Aggregates (up to the heptamer) of [4]helicene, the smallest PAH with helical chirality, were produced and investigated with a combined experimental and theoretical approach using several state-of-the-art quantum-chemical methodologies. The ionisation onsets are extracted for each cluster size from the mass-selected photoelectron spectra and compared with calculations of vertical ionisation energies. We explore the complex aggregation topologies emerging from the multitude of isomers formed through clustering of P and M, the two enantiomers of [4]helicene. The very satisfactory benchmarking between experimental ionisation onsets vs. predicted ionisation energies allows the identification of theoretically predicted potential aggregation motifs and corresponding energetic ordering of chiral clusters. Our structural models suggest that a homochiral aggregation route is energetically favoured over heterochiral arrangements with increasing cluster size, hinting at potential symmetry breaking in PAH cluster formation at the scale of small grains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio R Domingos
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- CFisUC, Department of Physics, University of Coimbra, 3004-516, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Denis S Tikhonov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Amanda L Steber
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Valladolid, 47011, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Patrick Eschenbach
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Sebastien Gruet
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Helgi R Hrodmarsson
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
- LISA UMR 7583 Université Paris-Est Créteil and Université de Paris, Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010, Créteil, France
| | - Kévin Martin
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Gustavo A Garcia
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Nahon
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, 91192, Gif sur Yvette, Cedex, France
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation (CMTC), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Narcis Avarvari
- Univ Angers, CNRS, MOLTECH-Anjou, SFR MATRIX, 49000, Angers, France
| | - Melanie Schnell
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Max-Eyth-Str. 1, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Narita M, Kavungathodi MFM, Dheendayal M, Wagner P, Mori S, Mozer AJ. High Electronic Coupling between Cu Complexes and Oxidized Dyes Confirmed by Measurements of Driving Force Dependent Regeneration Kinetics in Minimal Electrolyte System. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12310-12314. [PMID: 38668078 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
We confirm fast regeneration kinetics between copper complexes and oxidized organic dyes and the major contribution of electronic coupling (HDA). The highest efficiency of dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells has been shown by employing Cu complex redox couples. Various groups have reported a fast regeneration rate of oxidized dyes by Cu complexes giving a low driving force attributed to low reorganization energy (λ), but the effect of HDA has not been evaluated. The values of HDA and λ can be derived from driving force dependent transient absorption (TA) measurements. However, analyzing TA decay using Cu complexes is not trivial because accelerated recombination by the presence of Cu2+ complexes and biphasic TA decay often complicates the analysis. Here we employ 16 Cu1+ and Co2+ complexes and two dyes. To simplify the system, i.e., making a minimal electrolyte system, Cu2+ and Co3+ complexes and a common additive of 4-tert-butylpyridine are not used. From the driving force dependent TA decays of oxidized dyes by both Cu1+ and Co2+ complexes, λ for the combination of the Cu complexes and dyes is found to be about 0.15 eV lower than that of Co complexes. Approximately 3 to 5 times higher HDA values of Cu complexes than those of Co complexes are obtained, which is the dominant factor for faster rates. The values vary with the structure of the molecules, showing the possibility of increasing the HDA values further. The higher HDA values of a Cu complex than that of a Co complex are also reproduced by quantum chemical calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Narita
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Munavvar Fairoos Mele Kavungathodi
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Mantra Dheendayal
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Pawel Wagner
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Shogo Mori
- Division of Chemistry and Materials, Faculty of Textile Science, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
| | - Attila J Mozer
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mi W, Luo K, Trickey SB, Pavanello M. Orbital-Free Density Functional Theory: An Attractive Electronic Structure Method for Large-Scale First-Principles Simulations. Chem Rev 2023; 123:12039-12104. [PMID: 37870767 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Kohn-Sham Density Functional Theory (KSDFT) is the most widely used electronic structure method in chemistry, physics, and materials science, with thousands of calculations cited annually. This ubiquity is rooted in the favorable accuracy vs cost balance of KSDFT. Nonetheless, the ambitions and expectations of researchers for use of KSDFT in predictive simulations of large, complicated molecular systems are confronted with an intrinsic computational cost-scaling challenge. Particularly evident in the context of first-principles molecular dynamics, the challenge is the high cost-scaling associated with the computation of the Kohn-Sham orbitals. Orbital-free DFT (OFDFT), as the name suggests, circumvents entirely the explicit use of those orbitals. Without them, the structural and algorithmic complexity of KSDFT simplifies dramatically and near-linear scaling with system size irrespective of system state is achievable. Thus, much larger system sizes and longer simulation time scales (compared to conventional KSDFT) become accessible; hence, new chemical phenomena and new materials can be explored. In this review, we introduce the historical contexts of OFDFT, its theoretical basis, and the challenge of realizing its promise via approximate kinetic energy density functionals (KEDFs). We review recent progress on that challenge for an array of KEDFs, such as one-point, two-point, and machine-learnt, as well as some less explored forms. We emphasize use of exact constraints and the inevitability of design choices. Then, we survey the associated numerical techniques and implemented algorithms specific to OFDFT. We conclude with an illustrative sample of applications to showcase the power of OFDFT in materials science, chemistry, and physics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Mi
- Key Laboratory of Material Simulation Methods & Software of Ministry of Education, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Kai Luo
- Department of Applied Physics, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - S B Trickey
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Physics and Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kohn JT, Gildemeister N, Grimme S, Fazzi D, Hansen A. Efficient calculation of electronic coupling integrals with the dimer projection method via a density matrix tight-binding potential. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:144106. [PMID: 37818996 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Designing organic semiconductors for practical applications in organic solar cells, organic field-effect transistors, and organic light-emitting diodes requires understanding charge transfer mechanisms across different length and time scales. The underlying electron transfer mechanisms can be efficiently explored using semiempirical quantum mechanical (SQM) methods. The dimer projection (DIPRO) method combined with the recently introduced non-self-consistent density matrix tight-binding potential (PTB) [Grimme et al., J. Chem. Phys. 158, 124111 (2023)] is used in this study to evaluate charge transfer integrals important for understanding charge transport mechanisms. PTB, parameterized for the entire Periodic Table up to Z = 86, incorporates approximate non-local exchange, allowing for efficient and accurate calculations for large hetero-organic compounds. Benchmarking against established databases, such as Blumberger's HAB sets, or our newly introduced JAB69 set and comparing with high-level reference data from ωB97X-D4 calculations confirm that DIPRO@PTB consistently performs well among the tested SQM approaches for calculating coupling integrals. DIPRO@PTB yields reasonably accurate results at low computational cost, making it suitable for screening purposes and applications to large systems, such as metal-organic frameworks and cyanine-based molecular aggregates further discussed in this work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J T Kohn
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - N Gildemeister
- Department of Chemistry, Greinstrasse 4-6, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - S Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - D Fazzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "Giacomo Ciamician," Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - A Hansen
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sen S, Visscher L. Towards the description of charge transfer states in solubilised LHCII using subsystem DFT. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2023; 156:39-57. [PMID: 35988131 PMCID: PMC10070235 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Light harvesting complex II (LHCII) in plants and green algae have been shown to adapt their absorption properties, depending on the concentration of sunlight, switching between a light harvesting and a non-harvesting or quenched state. In a recent work, combining classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with quantum chemical calculations (Liguori et al. in Sci Rep 5:15661, 2015) on LHCII, it was shown that the Chl611-Chl612 cluster of the terminal emitter domain can play an important role in modifying the spectral properties of the complex. In that work the importance of charge transfer (CT) effects was highlighted, in re-shaping the absorption intensity of the chlorophyll dimer. Here in this work, we investigate the combined effect of the local excited (LE) and CT states in shaping the energy landscape of the chlorophyll dimer. Using subsystem Density Functional Theory over the classical [Formula: see text]s MD trajectory we look explicitly into the excitation energies of the LE and the CT states of the dimer and their corresponding couplings. Upon doing so, we observe a drop in the excitation energies of the CT states, accompanied by an increase in the couplings between the LE/LE and the LE/CT states facilitated by a shorter interchromophoric distance upon equilibration. Both these changes in conjunction, effectively produces a red-shift of the low-lying mixed exciton/CT states of the supramolecular chromophore pair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Souloke Sen
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Eschenbach P, Artiukhin DG, Neugebauer J. Reliable Isotropic Electron-Paramagnetic-Resonance Hyperfine Coupling Constants from the Frozen-Density Embedding Quasi-Diabatization Approach. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8358-8368. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eschenbach
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Denis G. Artiukhin
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eschenbach P, Neugebauer J. Subsystem density-functional theory: A reliable tool for spin-density based properties. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:130902. [PMID: 36209003 DOI: 10.1063/5.0103091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsystem density-functional theory compiles a set of features that allow for efficiently calculating properties of very large open-shell radical systems such as organic radical crystals, proteins, or deoxyribonucleic acid stacks. It is computationally less costly than correlated ab initio wave function approaches and can pragmatically avoid the overdelocalization problem of Kohn-Sham density-functional theory without employing hard constraints on the electron-density. Additionally, subsystem density-functional theory calculations commonly start from isolated fragment electron densities, pragmatically preserving a priori specified subsystem spin-patterns throughout the calculation. Methods based on subsystem density-functional theory have seen a rapid development over the past years and have become important tools for describing open-shell properties. In this Perspective, we address open questions and possible developments toward challenging future applications in connection with subsystem density-functional theory for spin-dependent properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eschenbach
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ziogos OG, Blumberger J. Ultrafast estimation of electronic couplings for electron transfer between pi-conjugated organic molecules. II. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:244110. [PMID: 34972358 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of highly efficient methods for the calculation of electronic coupling matrix elements between the electron donor and acceptor is an important goal in theoretical organic semiconductor research. In Paper I [F. Gajdos, S. Valner, F. Hoffmann, J. Spencer, M. Breuer, A. Kubas, M. Dupuis, and J. Blumberger, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 10, 4653 (2014)], we introduced the analytic overlap method (AOM) for this purpose, which is an ultrafast electronic coupling estimator parameterized to and orders of magnitude faster than density functional theory (DFT) calculations at a reasonably small loss in accuracy. In this work, we reparameterize and extend the AOM to molecules containing nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and sulfur heteroatoms using 921 dimer configurations from the recently introduced HAB79 dataset. We find again a very good linear correlation between the frontier orbital overlap, calculated ultrafast in an optimized minimum Slater basis, and DFT reference electronic couplings. The new parameterization scheme is shown to be transferable to sulfur-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons in experimentally resolved dimeric configurations. Our extension of the AOM enables high-throughput screening of very large databases of chemically diverse organic crystal structures and the application of computationally intense non-adiabatic molecular dynamics methods to charge transport in state-of-the-art organic semiconductors, e.g., non-fullerene acceptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestis George Ziogos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ziogos OG, Kubas A, Futera Z, Xie W, Elstner M, Blumberger J. HAB79: A new molecular dataset for benchmarking DFT and DFTB electronic couplings against high-level ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:234115. [PMID: 34937363 DOI: 10.1063/5.0076010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A new molecular dataset called HAB79 is introduced to provide ab initio reference values for electronic couplings (transfer integrals) and to benchmark density functional theory (DFT) and density functional tight-binding (DFTB) calculations. The HAB79 dataset is composed of 79 planar heterocyclic polyaromatic hydrocarbon molecules frequently encountered in organic (opto)electronics, arranged to 921 structurally diverse dimer configurations. We show that CASSCF/NEVPT2 with a minimal active space provides a robust reference method that can be applied to the relatively large molecules of the dataset. Electronic couplings are largest for cofacial dimers, in particular, sulfur-containing polyaromatic hydrocarbons, with values in excess of 0.5 eV, followed by parallel displaced cofacial dimers. V-shaped dimer motifs, often encountered in the herringbone layers of organic crystals, exhibit medium-sized couplings, whereas T-shaped dimers have the lowest couplings. DFT values obtained from the projector operator-based diabatization (POD) method are initially benchmarked against the smaller databases HAB11 (HAB7-) and found to systematically improve when climbing Jacob's ladder, giving mean relative unsigned errors (MRUEs) of 27.7% (26.3%) for the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functional BLYP, 20.7% (15.8%) for hybrid functional B3LYP, and 5.2% (7.5%) for the long-range corrected hybrid functional omega-B97X. Cost-effective POD in combination with a GGA functional and very efficient DFTB calculations on the dimers of the HAB79 database give a good linear correlation with the CASSCF/NEVPT2 reference data, which, after scaling with a multiplicative constant, gives reasonably small MRUEs of 17.9% and 40.1%, respectively, bearing in mind that couplings in HAB79 vary over 4 orders of magnitude. The ab initio reference data reported here are expected to be useful for benchmarking other DFT or semi-empirical approaches for electronic coupling calculations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Orestis George Ziogos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Kubas
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zdenek Futera
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Weiwei Xie
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Rapid, far-from-equilibrium processes involving excitation of electronic, vibrational, spin, photon, topological, and other degrees of freedom form the basis of modern technologies, including electronics and optoelectronics, solar energy harvesting and conversion to electrical and chemical energy, quantum information processing, spin- and valleytronics, chemical detection, and medical therapies. Such processes are studied experimentally with various time-resolved spectroscopies that allow scientists to track system's evolution on ultrafast time scales and at close to atomistic level of detail. The availability of various forms of lasing has made such measurements easily accessible to many experimental groups worldwide, to study atoms and small molecules, nanoscale and condensed matter systems, proteins, cells, and mesoscopic materials. The experimental work necessitates parallel theoretical efforts needed to interpret the experiments and to provide insights that cannot be gained through measurements due to experimental limitations.Non-adiabatic (NA) molecular dynamics (MD) allows one to study processes at the atomistic level and in the time domain most directly mimicking the time-resolved experiments. Atomistic modeling takes full advantage of chemical intuition and principles that guide design and fabrication of molecules and materials. It provides atomistic origins of quasi-particles, such as holes, excitons, trions, plasmons, phonons, polarons, polaritons, spin-waves, momentum-resolved and topological states, electrically and magnetically polarized structures, and other abstract concepts. An atomistic description enables one to study realistic aspects of materials, which necessarily contain defects, dopants, surfaces, interfaces, passivating ligands, and solvent layers. Often, such realistic features govern material properties and are hard to account for phenomenologically. NA-MD requires few approximations and assumptions. It does not need to assume that atomic motions are harmonic, that electrons are Drude oscillators, that coupling between different degrees of freedom is weak, that dynamics is Markovian or has short memory, or that evolution occurs by exponential kinetics of transitions between few states. The classical or semiclassical treatment of atomic motions constitutes the main approximation of NA-MD and is used because atoms are 3-5 orders of magnitude heavier than electrons. NA-MD is limited by system size, typically hundreds or thousands of atoms, and time scale, picoseconds to nanoseconds. The quality of NA-MD simulations depends on the electronic structure method used to obtain excited state energies and NA couplings.NA-MD has been largely popularized and advanced in the chemistry community that focuses on molecules. Modeling far-from-equilibrium dynamics in nanoscale and condensed matter systems often has to account for other types of physics. At the same time, condensed phase NA-MD allows for approximations that may not work in molecules. Focusing on the recent NA-MD developments aimed at studying excited state processes in nanoscale and condensed phases, this Account considers how the phenomena important on the nanoscale can be incorporated into NA-MD and what approximations can be made to increase its efficiency with complex systems and processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oleg V. Prezhdo
- Departments of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy, and Chemical Engineering University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ren M, Zhang L, Jiao Y, Chen Z, Wu W. Extended Mulliken-Hush Method with Applications to the Theoretical Study of Electron Transfer. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6861-6875. [PMID: 34605634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel adiabatic-to-diabatic (ATD) transformation strategy, namely, the extended Mulliken-Hush (XMH) method, is proposed to evaluate diabatic properties including electronic couplings, potential energy surfaces, and their crossings. The XMH method is developed by adopting our recently proposed ATD transformation formula of a general vectorial physical observable, in which a useful ATD transformation is further determined by using an auxiliary dipole between localized frontier orbitals as a simple approximation of the diabatic transition dipole. The XMH method is simple and practical that provides a flexible way to construct diabatic states. To some extent, it can be regarded as an extension of the generalized Mulliken-Hush (GMH) method since the latter takes a stronger approximation, in which the diabatic transition dipole is assumed to be vanishing. Test calculations on the HeH2+ system show that the electronic couplings predicted by the XMH method are closer to the ones calculated by the valence bond block-diagonalization approach than the GMH ones since the XMH method takes into account both the magnitude and direction of the diabatic transition dipole, which is consistent with the properties of this molecule. In the study of electron transfer in the two kinds of donor-bridge-acceptor systems, the XMH method maintains the simplicity of the GMH method and gives reasonable results even when the latter fails, wherein the diabatic transition dipole is nearly perpendicular to the difference of the initial and final adiabatic dipoles. More importantly, the XMH method can be easily combined with high-level electronic structure methods, in which the properties of the ground and excited states may be more accurately calculated, and hence, one may expect that further development of the XMH method would result in a general computational model for studying electron transfer reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Ren
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Wei Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Eschenbach P, Artiukhin DG, Neugebauer J. Multi-state formulation of the frozen-density embedding quasi-diabatization approach. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:174104. [PMID: 34749503 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a multi-state implementation of the recently developed frozen-density embedding diabatization (FDE-diab) methodology [D. G. Artiukhin and J. Neugebauer, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 214104 (2018)] in the Serenity program. The new framework extends the original approach such that any number of charge-localized quasi-diabatic states can be coupled, giving an access to calculations of ground and excited state spin-density distributions as well as to excitation energies. We show that it is possible to obtain results similar to those from correlated wave function approaches such as the complete active space self-consistent field method at much lower computational effort. Additionally, we present a series of approximate computational schemes, which further decrease the overall computational cost and systematically converge to the full FDE-diab solution. The proposed methodology enables computational studies on spin-density distributions and related properties for large molecular systems of biochemical interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Eschenbach
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Denis G Artiukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Universitet, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cao Y, Halls MD, Vadicherla TR, Friesner RA. Pseudospectral implementations of long-range corrected density functional theory. J Comput Chem 2021; 42:2089-2102. [PMID: 34415620 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We have implemented pseudospectral density-functional theory (DFT) with long-range corrected DFT functionals (PS-LRC) in quantum mechanics package Jaguar, and applied it in the calculations of geometry optimizations, dimmer interaction energies, polarizabilities and first-order hyperpolarizabilities, harmonic vibrational frequencies, S1 and T1 excitation energies, singlet-triplet gaps, charge transfer numbers, oscillator strengths, reaction barrier heights, electron-transfer couplings, and charge-transfer excitation energies. From our accuracy benchmark analysis, PS grids, PS dealiasing functions, PS atomic corrections, PS multigrid strategy, PS length scales, and PS cutoff scheme perform well in PS DFT with LRC density functionals with very small and ignorable deviations when compared to the conventional spectral (CS) method. The timing benchmark study of S1 excitation energy calculations of fullerenes (Cn , n up to 540) demonstrates that PS-LRC achieves 1.4-8.4-fold speedups in SCF, 22-32-fold speedups in Tamm-Dancoff approximation, and 6-15-fold speedups in total wall clock time with an average error 0.004 eV of excitation energies compared to the CS method.
Collapse
|
15
|
Bai X, Guo X, Wang L. Machine Learning Approach to Calculate Electronic Couplings between Quasi-diabatic Molecular Orbitals: The Case of DNA. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10457-10464. [PMID: 34672582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabatization of one-electron states in flexible molecular aggregates is a great challenge due to the presence of surface crossings between molecular orbital (MO) levels and the complex interaction between MOs of neighboring molecules. In this work, we present an efficient machine learning approach to calculate electronic couplings between quasi-diabatic MOs without the need of nonadiabatic coupling calculations. Using MOs of rigid molecules as references, the MOs that can be directly regarded to be quasi-diabatic in molecular dynamics are selected out, state tracked, and phase corrected. On the basis of this information, artificial neural networks are trained to characterize the structure-dependent onsite energies of quasi-diabatic MOs and the intermolecular electronic couplings. A representative sequence of DNA is systematically studied as an illustration. Smooth time evolution of electronic couplings in all base pairs is obtained with quasi-diabatic MOs. In particular, our method can calculate electronic couplings between different quasi-diabatic MOs independently, and thus, this possesses unique advantages in many applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Bai
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Linjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Excited-State Materials of Zhejiang Province, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pauletti M, Rybkin VV, Iannuzzi M. Subsystem Density Functional Theory Augmented by a Delta Learning Approach to Achieve Kohn-Sham Accuracy. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 17:6423-6431. [PMID: 34505765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c00592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Simulations based on electronic structure theory naturally include polarization and have no transferability problems. In particular, Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT) has become the method of reference for ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of condensed matter systems. However, the high computational cost often poses strict limits on the affordable system size as well as on the extension of sampling (number of configurations). In this work, we propose an improvement to the subsystem density functional theory approach, known as the Kim-Gordon (KG) scheme, thus enabling the sampling of configurations for condensed molecular systems keeping the KS-DFT level accuracy at a fraction of computer time. Our scheme compensates the known KG shortcomings of the electronic kinetic energy term by adding a simple correction and can match KS-DFT accuracy in energies and forces. The computationally cheap correction is determined by means of a machine learning procedure. The proposed KG scheme is applied within a linear scaling self-consistent field formalism and is assessed by a series of molecular dynamics simulations of liquid water under different conditions. Although system-dependent, the correction is transferable between system sizes and temperatures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michela Pauletti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Vladimir V Rybkin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| | - Marcella Iannuzzi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich 8057, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Artiukhin DG, Eschenbach P, Matysik J, Neugebauer J. Theoretical Assessment of Hinge-Type Models for Electron Donors in Reaction Centers of Photosystems I and II as well as of Purple Bacteria. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:3066-3079. [PMID: 33749260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hinge-type molecular models for electron donors in reaction centers of Photosystems I and II and purple bacteria were investigated using a two-state computational approach based on frozen-density embedding (FDE). This methodology, dubbed FDE-diab, is known to avoid consequences of the self-interaction error as far as intermolecular phenomena are concerned, which allows a prediction of qualitatively correct spin densities for large biomolecular systems. The calculated spin density distributions are in a good agreement with available experimental results and demonstrated a very high sensitivity to changes in the relative orientation of cofactors and amino acid protonation states. This allows a validation of the previously proposed hinge-type models providing hints on possible protonation states of axial histidine molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G Artiukhin
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus Universitet, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patrick Eschenbach
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut für Analytische Chemie, Universität Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ramos P, Pavanello M. Nonadiabatic couplings from a variational excited state method based on constrained DFT. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:014110. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0028872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
- Department of Physics, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Mao Y, Montoya-Castillo A, Markland TE. Excited state diabatization on the cheap using DFT: Photoinduced electron and hole transfer. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:244111. [PMID: 33380087 DOI: 10.1063/5.0035593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Excited state electron and hole transfer underpin fundamental steps in processes such as exciton dissociation at photovoltaic heterojunctions, photoinduced charge transfer at electrodes, and electron transfer in photosynthetic reaction centers. Diabatic states corresponding to charge or excitation localized species, such as locally excited and charge transfer states, provide a physically intuitive framework to simulate and understand these processes. However, obtaining accurate diabatic states and their couplings from adiabatic electronic states generally leads to inaccurate results when combined with low-tier electronic structure methods, such as time-dependent density functional theory, and exorbitant computational cost when combined with high-level wavefunction-based methods. Here, we introduce a density functional theory (DFT)-based diabatization scheme that directly constructs the diabatic states using absolutely localized molecular orbitals (ALMOs), which we denote as Δ-ALMO(MSDFT2). We demonstrate that our method, which combines ALMO calculations with the ΔSCF technique to construct electronically excited diabatic states and obtains their couplings with charge-transfer states using our MSDFT2 scheme, gives accurate results for excited state electron and hole transfer in both charged and uncharged systems that underlie DNA repair, charge separation in donor-acceptor dyads, chromophore-to-solvent electron transfer, and singlet fission. This framework for the accurate and efficient construction of excited state diabats and evaluation of their couplings directly from DFT thus offers a route to simulate and elucidate photoinduced electron and hole transfer in large disordered systems, such as those encountered in the condensed phase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Markland
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tölle J, Cupellini L, Mennucci B, Neugebauer J. Electronic couplings for photo-induced processes from subsystem time-dependent density-functional theory: The role of the diabatization. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:184113. [PMID: 33187428 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subsystem time-dependent density-functional theory (sTDDFT) making use of approximate non-additive kinetic energy (NAKE) functionals is known to be capable of describing excitation energy transfer processes in a variety of applications. Here, we show that sTDDFT, especially when combined with projection-based embedding (PbE), can be employed for the entire range of photo-induced electronic couplings essential for modeling photophysical properties of complex chemical and biological systems and therefore represents a complete toolbox for this class of problems. This means that it is capable of capturing the interaction/coupling associated with local- and charge-transfer (CT) excitons. However, this requires the choice of a reasonable diabatic basis. We therefore propose different diabatization strategies of the virtual orbital space in PbE-sTDDFT and show how CT excitations can be included in sTDDFT using NAKE functionals via a phenomenological approach. Finally, these electronic couplings are compared to couplings from a multistate fragment excitation difference (FED)-fragment charge difference (FCD) diabatization procedure. We show that both procedures, multistate FED-FCD and sTDDFT (with the right diabatization procedure chosen), lead to an overall good agreement for the electronic couplings, despite differences in their general diabatization strategy. We conclude that the entire range of photo-induced electronic couplings can be obtained using sTDDFT (with the right diabatization procedure chosen) in a black-box manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tölle
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Cupellini
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Mennucci
- Università di Pisa, Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Via G. Moruzzi 13, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Artiukhin DG, Eschenbach P, Neugebauer J. Computational Investigation of the Spin-Density Asymmetry in Photosynthetic Reaction Center Models from First Principles. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:4873-4888. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Patrick Eschenbach
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
By invoking a divide-and-conquer strategy, subsystem DFT dramatically reduces the computational cost of large-scale, ab initio electronic structure simulations of molecules and materials. The central ingredient setting subsystem DFT apart from Kohn-Sham DFT is the nonadditive kinetic energy functional (NAKE). Currently employed NAKEs are at most semilocal (i.e., they only depend on the electron density and its gradient), and as a result of this approximation, so far large-scale simulations only included systems composed of weakly interacting subsystems. In this work, we advance the state-of-the-art by introducing fully nonlocal NAKEs in subsystem DFT simulations for the first time. A benchmark analysis based on the S22-5 test set shows that nonlocal NAKEs considerably improve the computed interaction energies and electron densities compared to commonly employed GGA NAKEs, especially when increasing intersubsystem electron density overlap is considered. Most importantly, we resolve the long-standing problem of too attractive interaction energy curves typically resulting from the use of GGA NAKEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Mi
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
- Department of Physics , Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry , Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
- Department of Physics , Rutgers University , Newark , New Jersey 07102 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tölle J, Böckers M, Niemeyer N, Neugebauer J. Inter-subsystem charge-transfer excitations in exact subsystem time-dependent density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:174109. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5121908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Tölle
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Böckers
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Niklas Niemeyer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Schulz A, Jacob CR. Description of intermolecular charge transfer with subsystem density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:131103. [PMID: 31594348 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient quantum-chemical methods that are able to describe intermolecular charge transfer are crucial for modeling organic semiconductors. However, the correct description of intermolecular charge transfer with density-functional theory (DFT) is hampered by the fractional charge error of approximate exchange-correlation (xc) functionals. Here, we investigate the charge transfer induced by an external electric field in a tetrathiafulvalene-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TTF-TCNQ) complex as a test case. For this seemingly simple model system, a supermolecular DFT treatment fails with most conventional xc functionals. Here, we present an extension of subsystem DFT to subsystems with a fractional number of electrons. We show that within such a framework, it becomes possible to overcome the fractional charge error by enforcing the correct dependence of each subsystem's total energy on the subsystem's fractional charge. Such a subsystem DFT approach allows for a correct description of the intermolecular charge transfer in the TTF-TCNQ model complex. The approach presented here can be generalized to larger molecular aggregates and will thus allow for modeling organic semiconductor materials accurately and efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anika Schulz
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Gaußstr. 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph R Jacob
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Gaußstr. 17, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aksu H, Schubert A, Geva E, Dunietz BD. Explaining Spectral Asymmetries and Excitonic Characters of the Core Pigment Pairs in the Bacterial Reaction Center Using a Screened Range-Separated Hybrid Functional. J Phys Chem B 2019; 123:8970-8975. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b07646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huseyin Aksu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| | - Alexander Schubert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Barry D. Dunietz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mosquera MA, Ratner MA, Schatz GC. Locally coupled open subsystems: A formalism for affordable electronic structure calculations featuring fractional charges and size consistency. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:034105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5038557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martín A. Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - Mark A. Ratner
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - George C. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Artiukhin DG, Neugebauer J. Frozen-density embedding as a quasi-diabatization tool: Charge-localized states for spin-density calculations. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5023290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Denis G. Artiukhin
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Simulation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Analysis of polarization in hydrogen bonded complexes: An asymptotic projection approach. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2018.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
30
|
Unsleber JP, Dresselhaus T, Klahr K, Schnieders D, Böckers M, Barton D, Neugebauer J. Serenity: A subsystem quantum chemistry program. J Comput Chem 2018; 39:788-798. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.25162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan P. Unsleber
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Kevin Klahr
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| | - David Schnieders
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Michael Böckers
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Dennis Barton
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster Corrensstraße 40; Münster 48149 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Baldoni M, Lorenzoni A, Pecchia A, Mercuri F. Spatial and orientational dependence of electron transfer parameters in aggregates of iridium-containing host materials for OLEDs: coupling constrained density functional theory with molecular dynamics. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28393-28399. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04618b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The integration between molecular dynamics and constrained density functional theory allows to evaluate charge transport parameters in bulk organic semiconductors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Baldoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Andrea Lorenzoni
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| | - Alessandro Pecchia
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 00015 Monterotondo
- Italy
| | - Francesco Mercuri
- Istituto per lo Studio dei Materiali Nanostrutturati (ISMN)
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
- 40129 Bologna
- Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wibowo M, Broer R, Havenith RW. A rigorous nonorthogonal configuration interaction approach for the calculation of electronic couplings between diabatic states applied to singlet fission. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
|
33
|
Kim H, Goodson T, Zimmerman PM. Density Functional Physicality in Electronic Coupling Estimation: Benchmarks and Error Analysis. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3242-3248. [PMID: 28661148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b01434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Electronic coupling estimates from constrained density functional theory configuration interaction (CDFT-CI) depend critically on choice of density functional. In this Letter, the orbital multielectron self-interaction error (OMSIE), vertical electron affinity (VEA), and vertical ionization potential (VIP) are shown to be the key indicators inherited from the density functional that determine the accuracy of electronic coupling estimates. An error metric η is derived to connect the three properties, based on the linear proportionality between electronic coupling and overlap integral, and the hypothesis that the slope of this line is a function of VEA/VIP, η = (1/Ntestset)Σitestset|-VERef × OMSIE + ΔVE - ΔVE × OMSIE|i. Based on η, BH&HLYP and LRC-ωPBEh are suggested as the best functionals for electron and hole transfer, respectively. Error metric η is therefore a useful predictor of errors in CDFT-CI electronic coupling, showing that the physical correctness of the density functional has a direct effect on the accuracy of the electronic coupling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Theodore Goodson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul M Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oberhofer H, Reuter K, Blumberger J. Charge Transport in Molecular Materials: An Assessment of Computational Methods. Chem Rev 2017. [PMID: 28644623 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The booming field of molecular electronics has fostered a surge of computational research on electronic properties of organic molecular solids. In particular, with respect to a microscopic understanding of transport and loss mechanisms, theoretical studies assume an ever-increasing role. Owing to the tremendous diversity of organic molecular materials, a great number of computational methods have been put forward to suit every possible charge transport regime, material, and need for accuracy. With this review article we aim at providing a compendium of the available methods, their theoretical foundations, and their ranges of validity. We illustrate these through applications found in the literature. The focus is on methods available for organic molecular crystals, but mention is made wherever techniques are suitable for use in other related materials such as disordered or polymeric systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London , Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.,Institute for Advanced Study, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstrasse 2 a, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Wasserman A, Nafziger J, Jiang K, Kim MC, Sim E, Burke K. The Importance of Being Inconsistent. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2017; 68:555-581. [PMID: 28463652 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-052516-044957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Wasserman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Jonathan Nafziger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Kaili Jiang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907
| | - Min-Cheol Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Eunji Sim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Kieron Burke
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Goez A, Neugebauer J. Benchmarking Electron Densities and Electrostatic Potentials of Proteins from the Three-Partition Frozen Density Embedding Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:4843-4855. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Albrecht Goez
- Theoretische Organische Chemie,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and
Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie,
Organisch-Chemisches Institut and Center for Multiscale Theory and
Computation, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße
40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Genova A, Ceresoli D, Pavanello M. Avoiding fractional electrons in subsystem DFT based ab-initio molecular dynamics yields accurate models for liquid water and solvated OH radical. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:234105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4953363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Genova
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| | - Davide Ceresoli
- CNR-ISTM: Institute of Molecular Sciences and Technologies, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Höfener S, Visscher L. Wave Function Frozen-Density Embedding: Coupled Excitations. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:549-57. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Höfener
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale
Modelling (ACMM), VU University Amsterdam, Theoretical Chemistry Section, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas Visscher
- Amsterdam Center for Multiscale
Modelling (ACMM), VU University Amsterdam, Theoretical Chemistry Section, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
Constrained Subsystem Density Fucntional Theory (CSDFT) allows to compute diabatic states for charge transfer reactions using the machinery of the constrained DFT method, and at the same time is able to embed such diabatic states in a molecular environment via a subsystem DFT scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hernández-Fernández F, Pavanello M, Visscher L. Effect of metallation, substituents and inter/intra-molecular polarization on electronic couplings for hole transport in stacked porphyrin dyads. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:21122-32. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00516k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Hole transport properties for stacked porphyrins are analyzed with density functional theory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Hernández-Fernández
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| | - M. Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry
- Rutgers University
- Newark
- USA
| | - L. Visscher
- Theoretical Chemistry
- Faculty of Sciences
- VU University Amsterdam
- 1081 HV Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Kubas A, Gajdos F, Heck A, Oberhofer H, Elstner M, Blumberger J. Electronic couplings for molecular charge transfer: benchmarking CDFT, FODFT and FODFTB against high-level ab initio calculations. II. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:14342-54. [PMID: 25573447 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp04749d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A new database (HAB7-) of electronic coupling matrix elements (Hab) for electron transfer in seven medium-sized negatively charged π-conjugated organic dimers is introduced. Reference data are obtained with spin-component scaled approximate coupled cluster method (SCS-CC2) and large basis sets. Assessed DFT-based approaches include constrained density functional theory (CDFT), fragment-orbital DFT (FODFT), self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (FODFTB) and the recently described analytic overlap method (AOM). This complements the previously reported HAB11 database where only cationic dimers were considered. The CDFT method in combination with a functional based on PBE and including 50% of exact exchange (HFX) was found to provide best estimates, with a mean relative unsigned error (MRUE) of 8.2%. CDFT couplings systematically increase with decreasing fraction of HFX as a consequence of increasing delocalisation of the SOMO orbital. The FODFT method is found to be very robust underestimating electronic couplings by 28%. The FODFTB and AOM methods, although orders of magnitude more efficient in terms of computational effort than the DFT approaches, perform well with reasonably small errors of 54% and 29%, respectively, translating in errors in the non-adiabatic electron transfer rate of a factor of 2.4 and 1.7, respectively. We discuss carefully various sources of errors and the scope and limitations of all assessed methods taking into account the results obtained for both HAB7- and HAB11 databases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kubas
- University College London, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Wesolowski TA, Shedge S, Zhou X. Frozen-Density Embedding Strategy for Multilevel Simulations of Electronic Structure. Chem Rev 2015; 115:5891-928. [DOI: 10.1021/cr500502v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz A. Wesolowski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Sapana Shedge
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Xiuwen Zhou
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Ramos P, Papadakis M, Pavanello M. Performance of Frozen Density Embedding for Modeling Hole Transfer Reactions. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:7541-57. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511275e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Markos Papadakis
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Kitoh-Nishioka H, Ando K. Charge-transfer matrix elements by FMO-LCMO approach: Hole transfer in DNA with parameter tuned range-separated DFT. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
46
|
Luber S. Local electric dipole moments for periodic systems via density functional theory embedding. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:234110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4903828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
|
47
|
Kubas A, Hoffmann F, Heck A, Oberhofer H, Elstner M, Blumberger J. Electronic couplings for molecular charge transfer: benchmarking CDFT, FODFT, and FODFTB against high-level ab initio calculations. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:104105. [PMID: 24628150 DOI: 10.1063/1.4867077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce a database (HAB11) of electronic coupling matrix elements (H(ab)) for electron transfer in 11 π-conjugated organic homo-dimer cations. High-level ab inito calculations at the multireference configuration interaction MRCI+Q level of theory, n-electron valence state perturbation theory NEVPT2, and (spin-component scaled) approximate coupled cluster model (SCS)-CC2 are reported for this database to assess the performance of three DFT methods of decreasing computational cost, including constrained density functional theory (CDFT), fragment-orbital DFT (FODFT), and self-consistent charge density functional tight-binding (FODFTB). We find that the CDFT approach in combination with a modified PBE functional containing 50% Hartree-Fock exchange gives best results for absolute H(ab) values (mean relative unsigned error = 5.3%) and exponential distance decay constants β (4.3%). CDFT in combination with pure PBE overestimates couplings by 38.7% due to a too diffuse excess charge distribution, whereas the economic FODFT and highly cost-effective FODFTB methods underestimate couplings by 37.6% and 42.4%, respectively, due to neglect of interaction between donor and acceptor. The errors are systematic, however, and can be significantly reduced by applying a uniform scaling factor for each method. Applications to dimers outside the database, specifically rotated thiophene dimers and larger acenes up to pentacene, suggests that the same scaling procedure significantly improves the FODFT and FODFTB results for larger π-conjugated systems relevant to organic semiconductors and DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kubas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Felix Hoffmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Heck
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstr. 4, 85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 6, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Jochen Blumberger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Sancho-García JC, Pérez-Jiménez AJ. Theoretical study of stability and charge-transport properties of coronene molecule and some of its halogenated derivatives: A path to ambipolar organic-based materials? J Chem Phys 2014; 141:134708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4897205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. C. Sancho-García
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - A. J. Pérez-Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad de Alicante, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Jacob CR, Neugebauer J. Subsystem density-functional theory. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph R. Jacob
- Center for Functional Nanostructures and Institute of Physical Chemistry; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT); Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Johannes Neugebauer
- Theoretische Organische Chemie, Organisch-Chemisches Institut; Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster; Münster Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ramos P, Pavanello M. Quantifying Environmental Effects on the Decay of Hole Transfer Couplings in Biosystems. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2546-56. [DOI: 10.1021/ct400921r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ramos
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michele Pavanello
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| |
Collapse
|