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Probst J, Löchel H, Thiel M, Bjeoumikhova S, Braig C, Seifert C. Collimation by a polycapillary half lens at 277 eV. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:30379-30389. [PMID: 37710580 DOI: 10.1364/oe.498009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on the efficient collimation of soft X-rays with an energy of 277 eV by a halved polycapillary lens (PCL), made of borosilicate glass. Using electron-excited, micro fluorescence emission in the focus of the PCL, experiments reveal an angular divergence of (6.9 ± 0.2) mrad in the far field of the emitted beam. For a source of ≈5μm in size, that result is confirmed by simulations, obtained with a newly developed ray tracing code. An analytical fit model is proposed and applied to characterize the evolution of the measured as well as calculated, three-dimensional (3-D) intensity distribution. The photon flux density in a free-space propagation distance of (0.4 - 0.9) m from the PCL is enhanced by a factor of ≈(30 - 90) in comparison to the direct, not collimated radiation, as it is detected through a mm-sized transmission slit. Our findings could help to establish the halved PCL as a versatile tool in the table-top metrology of optical elements, such as mirrors and gratings for soft X-rays.
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Braig C, Sokolov A, Wilks RG, Kozina X, Kunze T, Bjeoumikhova S, Thiel M, Erko A, Bär M. Polycapillary-boosted instrument performance in the extreme ultraviolet regime for inverse photoemission spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:31840-31852. [PMID: 29245854 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.031840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A collimating polycapillary half lens, traditionally used in the medium and hard X-ray band, is operated at a photon energy of 36 eV for the first time. While the transmission still exceeds 50%, the measured and simulated spatial resolution and angular divergence approach 0.4 mm or less and at most 20 mrad, respectively. This unexpected, superior performance of the polycapillary optic in the extreme Ultraviolet could enable the design of an efficient, versatile and compact spectrometer for inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES): Its wavelength-dispersive component, a customized reflection zone plate, can maintain an energy resolution of 0.3 eV, whereas the sensitivity may be enhanced by more than one order of magnitude, compared to conventional spectrometers. Furthermore, the overall length of 0.9 m would allow for an eased alignment and evacuation. We see a significant potential for numerous polycapillary-based XUV / soft X-ray instruments in the future, in particular after further optimization for this long wavelength regime.
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Sowa KM, Last A, Korecki P. Grid-enhanced X-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44944. [PMID: 28322316 PMCID: PMC5359553 DOI: 10.1038/srep44944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycapillary devices focus X-rays by means of multiple reflections of X-rays in arrays of bent glass capillaries. The size of the focal spot (typically 10-100 μm) limits the resolution of scanning, absorption and phase-contrast X-ray imaging using these devices. At the expense of a moderate resolution, polycapillary elements provide high intensity and are frequently used for X-ray micro-imaging with both synchrotrons and X-ray tubes. Recent studies have shown that the internal microstructure of such an optics can be used as a coded aperture that encodes high-resolution information about objects located inside the focal spot. However, further improvements to this variant of X-ray microscopy will require the challenging fabrication of tailored devices with a well-defined capillary microstructure. Here, we show that submicron coded aperture microscopy can be realized using a periodic grid that is placed at the output surface of a polycapillary optics. Grid-enhanced X-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics does not rely on the specific microstructure of the optics but rather takes advantage only of its focusing properties. Hence, submicron X-ray imaging can be realized with standard polycapillary devices and existing set-ups for micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M. Sowa
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Arndt Last
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Paweł Korecki
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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Li F, Liu Z, Sun T. Energy-dispersive small-angle X-ray scattering with cone collimation using X-ray capillary optics. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:093106. [PMID: 27782614 DOI: 10.1063/1.4962709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dispersive small-angle X-ray scattering (ED-SAXS) with an innovative design of cone collimation based on an ellipsoidal single-bounce capillary (ESBC) and a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens (PPXRL) had been explored. Using this new cone collimation system, scattering angle 2θ has a theoretical minimum angle related to the mean half-opening angle of the hollow cone beam of 1.42 mrad, and with the usable X-ray energy ranging from 4 to 30 keV, the resulting observable scattering vector q is down to a minimum value of about 0.003 Å-1 (or a Bragg spacing of about 2100 Å). However, the absorption of lower energies by X-ray capillary optics, sample transmission, and detector response function limits the application range to lower energy. Cone collimation ED-SAXS experiments carried out on pure water, Lupolen, and in situ temperature-dependent measurement of diacetylenic acid/melamine micelle solid were presented at three different scattering angles 2θ of 0.18°, 0.70° and 1.18° to illustrate the new opportunities offered by this technique as well as its limitations. Also, a comparison has been made by replacing the PPXRL with a pinhole, and the result shows that cone collimation ED-SAXS based on ESBC with PPXRL was helpful in improving the signal-to-noise ratio (i.e., reducing the parasitic background scattering) than ESBC with a pinhole. The cone collimation instrument based on X-ray capillary optics could be considered as a promising tool to perform SAXS experiments, especially cone collimation ED-SAXS has potential application for the in situ temperature-dependent studying on the kinetics of phase transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianxi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Korecki P, Sowa KM, Jany BR, Krok F. Defect-Assisted Hard-X-Ray Microscopy with Capillary Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:233902. [PMID: 27341235 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.233902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycapillary x-ray focusing devices are built from hundreds of thousands of bent microcapillaries that are stacked into hexagonal arrays. We show that intrinsic point defects of the optics (e.g., missing or larger capillaries) lead to the formation of multiple x-ray images of an object positioned in the focal plane. These images can be recorded in parallel, and can provide spatial resolution that is limited by the defect size and not by the focal spot size. In a proof-of-principle experiment, we demonstrate submicron resolution, which has not yet been achieved with polycapillary focusing optics. Tailored optics with a controlled distribution of "defects" could be used for multimodal nanoscale x-ray imaging with laboratory setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Korecki
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna M Sowa
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Benedykt R Jany
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Franciszek Krok
- Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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Li F, Liu Z, Sun T, Jiang B, Zhu Y. Focal construct geometry for high intensity energy dispersive x-ray diffraction based on x-ray capillary optics. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:104201. [PMID: 26979685 DOI: 10.1063/1.4943268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We presented a focal construct geometry (FCG) method for high intensity energy dispersive X-ray diffraction by utilizing a home-made ellipsoidal single-bounce capillary (ESBC) and a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens (PPXRL). The ESBC was employed to focus the X-rays from a conventional laboratory source into a small focal spot and to produce an annular X-ray beam in the far-field. Additionally, diffracted polychromatic X-rays were confocally collected by the PPXRL attached to a stationary energy-resolved detector. Our FCG method based on ESBC and PPXRL had achieved relatively high intensity diffraction peaks and effectively narrowed the diffraction peak width which was helpful in improving the potential d-spacing resolution for material phase analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianxi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bowen Jiang
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Li F, Liu Z, Sun T, Ma Y, Ding X. Confocal three-dimensional micro X-ray scatter imaging for non-destructive detecting foreign bodies with low density and low-Z materials in food products. Food Control 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Korecki P, Roszczynialski TP, Sowa KM. Simulation of image formation in x-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:8749-8761. [PMID: 25968713 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.008749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In x-ray coded aperture microscopy with polycapillary optics (XCAMPO), the microstructure of focusing polycapillary optics is used as a coded aperture and enables depth-resolved x-ray imaging at a resolution better than the focal spot dimensions. Improvements in the resolution and development of 3D encoding procedures require a simulation model that can predict the outcome of XCAMPO experiments. In this work we introduce a model of image formation in XCAMPO which enables calculation of XCAMPO datasets for arbitrary positions of the object relative to the focal plane as well as to incorporate optics imperfections. In the model, the exit surface of the optics is treated as a micro-structured x-ray source that illuminates a periodic object. This makes it possible to express the intensity of XCAMPO images as a convolution series and to perform simulations by means of fast Fourier transforms. For non-periodic objects, the model can be applied by enforcing artificial periodicity and setting the spatial period larger then the field-of-view. Simulations are verified by comparison with experimental data.
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Application of confocal X-ray fluorescence micro-spectroscopy to the investigation of paint layers. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 94:109-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Peng S, Liu Z, Sun T, Wang G, Ma Y, Ding X. In-situ and elementally resolved determination of the thickness uniformity of multi-ply films by confocal micro XRF. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 90:84-8. [PMID: 24705010 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Confocal micro X-ray fluorescence (CM-XRF) with quasi-monochromatic excitation based on polycapillary X-ray optics was used to measure the thickness of multi-ply films. The relative errors of measuring an Fe film with a thickness of 16.3 μm and a Cu film with a thickness of 24.5 μm were 7.3% and 0.4%, respectively. The non-destructive and in-situ measurement of the thickness and uniformity of multi-ply films of Cu, Fe and Ni on a silicon surface was performed. CM-XRF was convenient in in-situ and elementally resolved analysis of the thickness of multi-ply films without a cumbersome theoretical correction model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Peng
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianxi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Guangfu Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yongzhong Ma
- Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beijing, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xunliang Ding
- The Key Laboratory of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China; Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing 100875, China
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Peng S, Liu Z, Sun T, Ma Y, Ding X. Spatially Resolved In Situ Measurements of the Ion Distribution Near the Surface of Electrode in a Steady-State Diffusion in an Electrolytic Tank with Confocal Micro X-ray Fluorescence. Anal Chem 2013; 86:362-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403188k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Song Peng
- The Key Laboratory
of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Nuclear
Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Radiation
Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Zhiguo Liu
- The Key Laboratory
of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Nuclear
Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Radiation
Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Tianxi Sun
- The Key Laboratory
of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Nuclear
Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Radiation
Center, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Yongzhong Ma
- Center for Disease
Control and Prevention of Beijing, Beijing 100013, China
| | - Xunliang Ding
- The Key Laboratory
of Beam Technology and Materials Modification of the Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- College of Nuclear
Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Beijing Radiation
Center, Beijing 100875, China
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Sun T, Peng S, Liu Z, Sun W, Ma Y, Ding X. Performance of polycapillary X-ray optics for confocal energy-dispersive small-angle X-ray scattering. J Appl Crystallogr 2013. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889813027088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A confocal energy-dispersive small-angle X-ray scattering (EDSAXS) setup based on polycapillary optics was designed. In this confocal EDSAXS setup, a polycapillary slightly focusing X-ray lens (PSFXRL) and a polycapillary parallel X-ray lens (PPXRL) with a long input focal distance were placed confocally in the excitation channel and detection channel, respectively. This confocal configuration was helpful in improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the EDSAXS. The high gain in power density of the PSFXRL and PPXRL decreased the power requirement of the X-ray source for EDSAXS. The confocal EDSAXS technology could be used to perform nondestructive andin situanalysis of samples such as milk powder in its packaging.
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