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Stoppelman JP, McDaniel JG. Proton Transport in [BMIM+][BF4–]/Water Mixtures Near the Percolation Threshold. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:5957-5970. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c02487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John P. Stoppelman
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332-0400, United States
| | - Jesse G. McDaniel
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia30332-0400, United States
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2
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Maloney RC, Hall CK. Clustering and Phase Separation in Mixtures of Dipolar and Active Particles in an External Field. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:6378-6387. [PMID: 32418424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c00516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Directing the assembly of colloidal particles through the use of external electric or magnetic fields shows promise for the creation of reconfigurable materials. Self-propelled particles can also be used to dynamically drive colloidal systems to nonequilibrium steady states. We investigate colloidal systems that combine both of these methods of directed assembly, simulating mixtures of passive dipolar colloids and active soft spheres in an external magnetic field using Brownian dynamics in two dimensions. In these systems, the dipolar particles align in the direction of the external field, but the active particles are unaffected by the field. The phase behaviors exhibited included a percolated dipolar network, dipolar string-fluid, isotropic fluid, and phase-separated state. We find that the external field allows the dipolar particles to form a percolated network more easily compared to when no external field is present. Additionally, the mixture phase separates at lower active particle velocity in an external field than when no field is present. Our results suggest that combining multiple methods of directing colloidal assembly could lead to new pathways to fabricate reconfigurable materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Maloney
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
| | - Carol K Hall
- Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Partners Way, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
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3
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Maloney RC, Liao GJ, Klapp SHL, Hall CK. Clustering and phase separation in mixtures of dipolar and active particles. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:3779-3791. [PMID: 32239046 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm02311a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The self-assembly of colloidal particles in dynamic environments has become an important field of study because of potential applications in fabricating out-of-equilibrium materials. We investigate the phase behavior of mixtures of passive dipolar colloids and active soft spheres using Brownian dynamics simulations in two dimensions. The phase behaviors exhibited include dipolar percolated network, dipolar string-fluid, isotropic fluid, and a phase-separated state. We find that the clustering of dipolar colloids is enhanced in the presence of slow-moving active particles compared to the clustering of dipolar particles mixed with passive particles. When the active particle motility is high, the chains of dipolar particles are either broken into short chains or pushed into dense clusters. Motility-induced phase separation into dense and dilute phases is also present. The area fraction of particles in the dilute phase increases as the fraction of active particles in the system decreases, while the area fraction of particles in the dense phase remains constant. Our findings are relevant to the development of reconfigurable self-assembled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Maloney
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
| | - Guo-Jun Liao
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine H L Klapp
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Carol K Hall
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Maloney RC, Hall CK. Phase diagrams of mixtures of dipolar rods and discs. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:7894-7905. [PMID: 30230508 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly of binary mixtures that contain anisotropic, interacting colloidal particles have been proposed as a way to create new, multi-functional materials. We simulate binary mixtures of dipolar rods and dipolar discs in two-dimensions using discontinuous molecular dynamics to determine how the assembled structures of these mixtures differ from those seen in single component systems. Two different binary mixtures are investigated: a mixture of an equal number of dipolar rods and dipolar discs ("equal number"), and a mixture where the area fraction of dipolar rods is equal to the area fraction of dipolar discs ("equal area"). Phase boundaries between fluid, string-fluid, and "gel" phases are calculated and compared to the phase boundaries of the pure components. Looking deeper at the underlying structure of the mixture reveals a complex interplay between the rods and discs and the formation of states where the two components are in different phases. The mixtures exhibit phases where both rods and discs are in the fluid phase, where rods form a string-fluid while discs remain in the fluid phase, a rod string-fluid coexisting with a disc string-fluid, a "gel" that consists primarily of rods while the discs form either a fluid or string-fluid phase, and a "gel" that contains both rods and discs. Our results give insight into the general assembly pathway of binary mixtures, and how complex aggregates can be created by varying the mixture composition, strength of interaction between the two components, and the temperature. By manipulating the properties of one of the components it should be possible to fabricate bifunctional, thermally responsive self-assembled materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan C Maloney
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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5
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Zerón IM, Vega C, Benavides AL. Continuous version of a square-well potential of variable range and its application in molecular dynamics simulations. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1481232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- I. M. Zerón
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
| | - C. Vega
- Depto. Química Física I, Fac. Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - A. L. Benavides
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México
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6
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Benner SW, Hall CK. Effect of Monomer Sequence and Degree of Acetylation on the Self-Assembly and Porosity of Chitosan Networks in Solution. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steven W. Benner
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
| | - Carol K. Hall
- Department
of Chemical and
Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905, United States
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7
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Rutkowski DM, Velev OD, Klapp SHL, Hall CK. The effect of charge separation on the phase behavior of dipolar colloidal rods. SOFT MATTER 2016; 12:4932-4943. [PMID: 27151445 DOI: 10.1039/c6sm00317f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Colloids with anisotropic shape and charge distribution can assemble into a variety of structures that could find use as novel materials for optical, photonic, electronic and structural applications. Because experimental characterization of the many possible types of multi-shape and multipolar colloidal particles that could form useful structures is difficult, the search for novel colloidal materials can be enhanced by simulations of colloidal particle assembly. We have simulated a system of dipolar colloidal rods at fixed aspect ratio using discontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) to investigate how the charge separation of an embedded dipole affects the types of assemblies that occur. Each dipolar rod is modeled as several overlapping spheres fixed in an elongated shape to represent excluded volume and two smaller, embedded spheres to represent the charges that make up the extended dipole. Large charge separations predominately form structures where the rods link head-to-tail while small charge separations predominately form structures where the rods stack side-by-side. Rods with small charge separations tend to form dense aggregates while rods with large charge separations tend to form coarse gel-like structures. Structural phase boundaries between fluid, string-fluid, and "gel" (networked) phases are mapped out and characterized as to whether they have global head-to-tail or global side-by-side order. A structural coarsening transition is observed for particles with large charge separations in which the head-tail networks thicken as temperature is lowered due to an increased tendency to form side-by-side structures. Triangularly connected networks form at small charge separations; these may be useful for encapsulating smaller particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Rutkowski
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
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Paganini IE, Pastorino C, Urrutia I. Structure, thermodynamic properties, and phase diagrams of few colloids confined in a spherical pore. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:244707. [PMID: 26133449 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We study a system of few colloids confined in a small spherical cavity with event driven molecular dynamics simulations in the canonical ensemble. The colloidal particles interact through a short range square-well potential that takes into account the basic elements of attraction and excluded-volume repulsion of the interaction among colloids. We analyze the structural and thermodynamic properties of this few-body confined system in the framework of inhomogeneous fluids theory. Pair correlation function and density profile are used to determine the structure and the spatial characteristics of the system. Pressure on the walls, internal energy, and surface quantities such as surface tension and adsorption are also analyzed for a wide range of densities and temperatures. We have characterized systems from 2 to 6 confined particles, identifying distinctive qualitative behavior over the thermodynamic plane T - ρ, in a few-particle equivalent to phase diagrams of macroscopic systems. Applying the extended law of corresponding states, the square well interaction is mapped to the Asakura-Oosawa model for colloid-polymer mixtures. We link explicitly the temperature of the confined square-well fluid to the equivalent packing fraction of polymers in the Asakura-Oosawa model. Using this approach, we study the confined system of few colloids in a colloid-polymer mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván E Paganini
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, Av.Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio Pastorino
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, Av.Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio Urrutia
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Centro Atómico Constituyentes, CNEA, Av.Gral. Paz 1499, 1650 Pcia. de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Wei J, Xu L, Song F. Range effect on percolation threshold and structural properties for short-range attractive spheres. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:034504. [PMID: 25612717 DOI: 10.1063/1.4906084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Percolation or aggregation in colloidal system is important in many fields of science and technology. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we study the percolation behavior for systems consisting of spheres interacting with short-range square-well (SRSW) which mimic colloidal particles, with different interaction ranges. We specifically focus on how the interaction range affects the percolation thresholds in the supercritical region. We find that the contact percolation boundaries are strongly dependent on the interaction ranges of SRSW, especially away from the liquid-liquid critical point. However, varying the interaction ranges of SRSW does not affect much the structure along percolation boundaries especially for low packing fractions. For instance, along the percolation boundary, distributions of coordination number show convergence, and distributions of cluster size are universal for different interaction ranges considered. In addition, either the bond percolation boundaries or isolines of average bond coordination number collapse to those for Baxter sticky model on phase diagram, which confirms the extended law of corresponding states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Limei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials and School of Physics, Peking University, No. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics (LNM), Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 15 Beisihuanxi Road, Beijing 100190, China
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Bharti B, Meissner J, Klapp SHL, Findenegg GH. Bridging interactions of proteins with silica nanoparticles: the influence of pH, ionic strength and protein concentration. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:718-28. [PMID: 24835283 DOI: 10.1039/c3sm52401a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Charge-driven bridging of nanoparticles by macromolecules represents a promising route for engineering functional structures, but the strong electrostatic interactions involved when using conventional polyelectrolytes impart irreversible complexation and ill-defined structures. Recently it was found that the electrostatic interaction of silica nanoparticles with small globular proteins leads to aggregate structures that can be controlled by pH. Here we study the combined influence of pH and electrolyte concentration on the bridging aggregation of silica nanoparticles with lysozyme in dilute aqueous dispersions. We find that protein binding to the silica particles is determined by pH irrespective of the ionic strength. The hetero-aggregate structures formed by the silica particles with the protein were studied by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and the structure factor data were analyzed on the basis of a short-range square-well attractive pair potential (close to the sticky-hard-sphere limit). It is found that the electrolyte concentration has a strong influence on the stickiness near pH 5, where the weakly charged silica particles are bridged by the strongly charged protein. An even stronger influence of the electrolyte is found in the vicinity of the isoelectric point of the protein (pI = 10.7) and is attributed to shielding of the repulsion between the highly charged silica particles and hydrophobic interactions between the bridging protein molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvnesh Bharti
- Institut für Chemie, Stranski Laboratorium, TC 7, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 124, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.
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Fusco D, Charbonneau P. Crystallization of asymmetric patchy models for globular proteins in solution. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 88:012721. [PMID: 23944504 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.88.012721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric patchy particle models have recently been shown to describe the crystallization of small globular proteins with near-quantitative accuracy. Here, we investigate how asymmetry in patch geometry and bond energy generally impacts the phase diagram and nucleation dynamics of this family of soft matter models. We find the role of the geometry asymmetry to be weak, but the energy asymmetry to markedly interfere with the crystallization thermodynamics and kinetics. These results provide a rationale for the success and occasional failure of the proposal of George and Wilson for protein crystallization conditions as well as physical guidance for developing more effective protein crystallization strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fusco
- Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
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