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Yamazaki T, Watanabe Y, Kanya R, Yamanouchi K. Decomposition of cyclohexane ion induced by intense femtosecond laser fields by ion-trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:024313. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4939769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takao Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Reika Kanya
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamanouchi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
- NANOQUINE, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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Bohinski T, Moore Tibbetts K, Tarazkar M, Romanov DA, Matsika S, Levis RJ. Strong Field Adiabatic Ionization Prepares a Launch State for Coherent Control. J Phys Chem Lett 2014; 5:4305-4309. [PMID: 26273978 DOI: 10.1021/jz502313f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that excitation of acetophenone with a strong field, near-infrared femtosecond pulse (1150-1500 nm) results in adiabatic ionization, producing acetophenone radical cation in the ground electronic state. The time-resolved transients of the parent and fragment ions probed with a weak 790 nm pulse reveal an order of magnitude enhancement of the peak-to-peak amplitude oscillations, ∼ 100 fs longer coherence time, and an order of magnitude increase in the ratio of parent to fragment ions in comparison with nonadiabatic ionization with a strong field 790 nm pulse. Equation of motion coupled cluster and classical wavepacket trajectory calculations support the mechanism wherein the probe pulse excites a wavepacket on the ground surface D0 to the excited D2 surface at a delay of 325 fs, resulting in dissociation to the benzoyl ion. Direct population transfer to the D2 state within the duration of a 1370 nm pump pulse eliminates wavepacket oscillation on the D0 state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Bohinski
- †Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- ‡Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Katharine Moore Tibbetts
- †Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- ‡Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Maryam Tarazkar
- †Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- ‡Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Dmitri A Romanov
- ‡Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- §Department of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Spiridoula Matsika
- †Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Robert J Levis
- †Department of Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
- ‡Center for Advanced Photonics Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
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4
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Konar A, Shu Y, Lozovoy VV, Jackson JE, Levine BG, Dantus M. Polyatomic molecules under intense femtosecond laser irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11433-50. [PMID: 25314590 DOI: 10.1021/jp505498t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of intense laser pulses with atoms and molecules is at the forefront of atomic, molecular, and optical physics. It is the gateway to powerful new tools that include above threshold ionization, high harmonic generation, electron diffraction, molecular tomography, and attosecond pulse generation. Intense laser pulses are ideal for probing and manipulating chemical bonding. Though the behavior of atoms in strong fields has been well studied, molecules under intense fields are not as well understood and current models have failed in certain important aspects. Molecules, as opposed to atoms, present confounding possibilities of nuclear and electronic motion upon excitation. The dynamics and fragmentation patterns in response to the laser field are structure sensitive; therefore, a molecule cannot simply be treated as a "bag of atoms" during field induced ionization. In this article we present a set of experiments and theoretical calculations exploring the behavior of a large collection of aryl alkyl ketones when irradiated with intense femtosecond pulses. Specifically, we consider to what extent molecules retain their molecular identity and properties under strong laser fields. Using time-of-flight mass spectrometry in conjunction with pump-probe techniques we study the dynamical behavior of these molecules, monitoring ion yield modulation caused by intramolecular motions post ionization. The set of molecules studied is further divided into smaller sets, sorted by type and position of functional groups. The pump-probe time-delay scans show that among positional isomers the variations in relative energies, which amount to only a few hundred millielectronvolts, influence the dynamical behavior of the molecules despite their having experienced such high fields (V/Å). High level ab initio quantum chemical calculations were performed to predict molecular dynamics along with single and multiphoton resonances in the neutral and ionic states. We propose the following model of strong-field ionization and subsequent fragmentation for polyatomic molecules: Single electron ionization occurs on a suboptical cycle time scale, and the electron carries away essentially all of the energy, leaving behind little internal energy in the cation. Subsequent fragmentation of the cation takes place as a result of further photon absorption modulated by one- and two-photon resonances, which provide sufficient energy to overcome the dissociation energy. The proposed hypothesis implies the loss of a photoelectron at a rate that is faster than intramolecular vibrational relaxation and is consistent with the observation of nonergodic photofragmentation of polyatomic molecules as well as experimental results from many other research groups on different molecules and with different pulse durations and wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkaprabha Konar
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University , East Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
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5
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Krause P, Schlegel HB. Strong-field ionization rates of linear polyenes simulated with time-dependent configuration interaction with an absorbing potential. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:174104. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4900576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Krause
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489, USA
| | - H. Bernhard Schlegel
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202-3489, USA
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6
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Moore Tibbetts K, Xing X, Rabitz H. Systematic Trends in Photonic Reagent Induced Reactions in a Homologous Chemical Family. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:8205-15. [DOI: 10.1021/jp403824h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xi Xing
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
| | - Herschel Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544,
United States
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7
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Mayer PM, Staedter D, Blanchet V, Hemberger P, Bodi A. Comparing femtosecond multiphoton dissociative ionization of tetrathiafulvene with imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:2753-9. [PMID: 23463913 DOI: 10.1021/jp311066y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we describe femtosecond photoionization and the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence spectroscopy of tetrathiafulvene, TTF. Femtosecond photoionization of TTF results in the absorption of up to twelve 808 nm photons leading to ion internal energies up to 12.1 eV as deduced from the photoelectron spectrum. Within this internal energy a variety of dissociation channels are accessible. In order to disentangle the complex ionic dissociation, we utilized the imaging photoelectron photoion coincidence (iPEPICO) technique. Above the dissociation threshold, iPEPICO results show that the molecular ion (m/z = 204) dissociates into seven product ions, six of which compete in a 1.0 eV internal energy window and are formed with the same appearance energy. Ab initio calculations are reported on the possible fragment ion structures of five dissociation channels as well as trajectories showing the loss of C2H2 and C2H2S from high internal energy TTF cations. A three-channel dissociation model is used to fit the PEPICO data in which two dissociation channels are treated as simple dissociations (one with a reverse barrier), while the rest involve a shared barrier. The two lower energy dissociation channels, m/z = 146 and the channel leading to m/z = 178, 171, 159, 140, and 127, have E0 values of 2.77 ± 0.10 and 2.38 ± 0.10 eV, respectively, and are characterized by ΔS(‡)(600 K) values of -9 ± 6 and 1 ± 6 J K(-1) mol(-1), respectively. Competing with them at higher internal energy is the cleavage of the central bond to form the m/z = 102 fragment ion, with an E0 value of 3.65 ± 0.10 eV and ΔS(‡)(600 K) = 83 ± 10 J K(-1) mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul M Mayer
- Chemistry Department, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 6N5 Canada.
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8
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Kotur M, Zhou C, Matsika S, Patchkovskii S, Spanner M, Weinacht TC. Neutral-ionic state correlations in strong-field molecular ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 109:203007. [PMID: 23215486 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.203007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We study correlations between neutral and ionic states in strong-field molecular ionization. We compare predictions based on Dyson orbital norms and quasistatic semiclassical tunneling theories (Keldysh and molecular orbital Ammosov-Delone-Krainov) with more detailed calculations of strong-field ionization which take into account (i) the Coulomb interaction between the outgoing continuum electron wave packet and the remaining bound electrons and (ii) electron-core interactions that cause distortions of the electronic continuum states during the ionization event. Our results highlight the prominence of electronic rearrangement effects in strong-field ionization with intense ultrafast laser pulses, where the outgoing continuum electron can cause electronic transitions in the parent ion. Calculations and measurements for excited uracil molecules reveal the breakdown of Keldysh-weighted Dyson norm predictions for ionization to different states of the molecular cation in the strong-field regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kotur
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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9
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Poveda J, Álvarez I, Cisneros C. Molecular ionization–dissociation of fluoranthene at 266nm: Energetic and dissociative pathways. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2011.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Kjellberg M, Bulgakov AV, Goto M, Johansson O, Hansen K. Femtosecond electron spectroscopy of coronene, benzo[GHI]perylene, and anthracene. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:074308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3466925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Poveda JC, Román AS, Guerrero A, Álvarez I, Cisneros C. The effect of the argon carrier gas in the multiphoton dissociation-ionization of tetracene. Int J Mol Sci 2008; 9:2003-2015. [PMID: 19325732 PMCID: PMC2635606 DOI: 10.3390/ijms9102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2008] [Revised: 10/10/2008] [Accepted: 10/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The multiphoton dissociation-ionization of tetracene at 355 nm using 6.5 nanosecond laser pulses, with and without argon as a carrier gas (CG), has been studied and compared. Ion fragments were analyzed in a time-of-flight mass spectrometer and separated according to their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The results show that the dynamic of photodissociation at approximately 10(10) W cm(-2) intensities is strongly influenced by the CG. The suppression of fragmentation channels primarily those relating to the formation of the CH(m) (+) (m = 2, 4), C(2)H(4) (+) and C(5)H(4) (+2) ions. CH(5) (+) and CH(6) (+) were observed which have not been reported before in photodissociation tetracene experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Carlos Poveda
- Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas Moleculares, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, México. E-Mails:
(A. R.);
(A. G.);
(I. Á.);
(C. C.)
| | - Alejandro San Román
- Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas Moleculares, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, México. E-Mails:
(A. R.);
(A. G.);
(I. Á.);
(C. C.)
| | - Alfonso Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas Moleculares, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, México. E-Mails:
(A. R.);
(A. G.);
(I. Á.);
(C. C.)
| | - Ignacio Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas Moleculares, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, México. E-Mails:
(A. R.);
(A. G.);
(I. Á.);
(C. C.)
| | - Carmen Cisneros
- Laboratorio de Colisiones Atómicas Moleculares, Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos C.P. 62210, México. E-Mails:
(A. R.);
(A. G.);
(I. Á.);
(C. C.)
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12
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Smith SM, Li X, Markevitch A, Romanov D, Levis RJ, Schlegel HB. Numerical simulation of nonadiabatic electron excitation in the strong-field regime. 3. Polyacene neutrals and cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:6920-32. [PMID: 17625807 DOI: 10.1021/jp070380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The electron optical response for a series of linear polyacenes and their molecular ions (mono and dications) in strong laser fields was studied using time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory. The interactions of benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, and tetracene with pulsed fields at a frequency of 1.55 eV and intensities of 8.77 x 10(13), 3.07 x 10(13), 1.23 x 10(13), and 2.75 x 10(12) W/cm2, respectively, were calculated using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Nonadiabatic processes, including nonadiabatic time evolution of the dipole moment, Löwden charges, and occupation numbers, were studied. The nonadiabatic response increased with the length of the molecule and was greatest for the molecular monocations. The only exception was tetracene, in which the very strong response of the dication was due to a near resonance with the applied field. The intensity and frequency dependence of the dipole moment response for the monocations of naphthalene and anthracene was also calculated. As the intensity increased, the population of higher-energy excited-states increased, and as the frequency increased, the excitation volume increased in good agreement with the Dykhne approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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13
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Matsuura H, Miyake K, Ando Y, Komatsu M, Kase S, Yamaguchi M, Sasaki S. Analysis of the Thermal Properties of a Liquid 1-Butanol Polymer Composed during a Plasma-Induced Reaction. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:9200-8. [PMID: 17636983 DOI: 10.1021/jp067676m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the mechanisms of thermosetting and simultaneous hydrogen desorption of liquid 1-butanol polymer composed during a plasma-induced reaction. A transparent liquid 1-butanol polymer consisting of partially dissociated 1-butanol, oxygen, and nitrogen gradually gains viscosity at less than 50 degrees C and transforms to a solid between 100 and 150 degrees C. This polymer also traps at least 0.225 mass % hydrogen during its composition and thermally desorbs the hydrogen between 26 and 150 degrees C. Electron probe microanalyses (EPMA) and FTIR analyses indicate that 11 wt % nitrogen fixed from the air is the principal component in the formation of stable 3-D bridge structures and the resultant thermosetting of the polymer. Thermal-desorption analysis and electrical resistivity measurements also support the theory that some hydrogen is electrically trapped as quasi-stable ions around negatively polarized OH and/or C=O bonds in the polymer, contributing to both electrical conductivity and the desorption of hydrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuura
- Advanced Manufacuturing Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan.
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Kaziannis S, Kosmidis C. Comparative Study of Multielectron Ionization of Alkyl Halides Induced by Picosecond Laser Irradiation. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:2839-51. [PMID: 17388396 DOI: 10.1021/jp068300b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of C2H5X, 1-C3H7X, 1-C4H9X, where X = I, Br, Cl, with strong (1 x 10(13)-1.2 x 10(14) W/cm2) 35 ps laser pulses at 1064 nm is studied by means of time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The multielectron ionization following the C-X bond elongation has been verified for the studied molecules. By combination of the intensity dependence of the ion yields, the estimated kinetic energies of the released fragment ions, and their angular distributions, we have identified the different dissociation channels of the transient multiply charged parent ions. From the dependence on the laser intensity of the ratio of the doubly charged halogen ions to the singly charged ones, it is concluded that the molecular coupling with the laser field increases with the molecular size.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kaziannis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
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15
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Smith SM, Li X, Markevitch AN, Romanov DA, Levis RJ, Schlegel HB. Numerical Simulation of Nonadiabatic Electron Excitation in the Strong Field Regime. 2. Linear Polyene Cations. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:10527-34. [PMID: 16834308 DOI: 10.1021/jp053696x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory has been used to study the electronic optical response of a series of linear polyene cations (+1 and +2) in strong laser fields. The interaction of ethylene, butadiene, and hexatriene, with pulsed and CW fields corresponding to 8.75 x 10(13) W/cm(2) and 760 nm, have been calculated using the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Nonadiabatic processes including nonlinear response of the dipole moment to the field and non-resonant energy deposition into excited states were more pronounced for the monocations in comparison with dications. For a given charge state and geometry, the nonadiabatic effects in the charge distribution and instantaneous dipole increased with the length of the polyene. For pulsed fields, the instantaneous dipole continued to oscillate after the field returned to zero and corresponded to a non-resonant electronic excitation involving primarily the lowest electronic transition. For a given molecule and fixed charge state, the degree of nonadiabatic coupling and excitation was greater for geometries with lower excitation energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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16
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Matsuura H, Miyazaki M, Ushiba S, Komatsu M. Analysis of the Roles of Nitrogen and Oxygen in the Synthesis of an Alcohol Polymer during Plasma-Induced Reactions. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:14876-83. [PMID: 16852884 DOI: 10.1021/jp051511g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This paper investigates the roles of nitrogen and oxygen in forming a 1-butanol polymer. The analyses show that nitrogen is the key species for forming a stable 1-butanol polymer, and the viscosity of the polymer is increased as the ratio of nitrogen in the polymer is increased. In contrast, oxygen does not contribute to forming the polymer but rather prevents formation of the polymer instead. This article also analyzes the origin of C=O bonding in the 1-butanol polymer. IR analysis demonstrates that oxygen in the atmosphere is fixed in the polymer as C=O bonds, instead oxidizing the O-H group in 1-butanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuura
- Intelligent Systems Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan.
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17
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Smith SM, Li X, Markevitch AN, Romanov DA, Levis RJ, Schlegel HB. A Numerical Simulation of Nonadiabatic Electron Excitation in the Strong Field Regime: Linear Polyenes. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5176-85. [PMID: 16833873 DOI: 10.1021/jp050968n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Time-dependent Hartree-Fock theory has been used to study of the electronic optical response of a series of linear polyenes in strong laser fields. Ethylene, butadiene, and hexatriene have been calculated with 6-31G(d,p) in the presence of a field corresponding to 8.75 x 10(13) W/cm2 and 760 nm. Time evolution of the electron population indicates not only the pi electrons, but also lower lying valence electrons are involved in electronic response. When the field is aligned with the long axis of the molecule, Löwdin population analysis shows large charges at each end of the molecule. For ethylene, the instantaneous dipole moment followed the field adiabatically, but for hexatriene, nonadiabatic effects were very pronounced. For constant intensity, the nonadiabatic effects in the charge distribution, instantaneous dipole, and orbital populations increased nonlinearly with the length of the polyene. These calculations elucidate the mechanism of the strong field nonadiabatic electron excitation of polyatomic molecules leading to their eventual ionization and fragmentation. The described computational methods are a viable tool for studying the complex processes in multielectron atomic and molecular systems in strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanley M Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
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18
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Matsuura H, Ushiba S, Komatsu M, Tanikawa T, Ogawa M. Investigation of the Requirements for Plasma-Induced Polymerization of Alcohols. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:9946-51. [PMID: 16852202 DOI: 10.1021/jp045528v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed the requirements for plasma-induced alcohol polymerization by comparing the reactions of several types of aliphatic alcohols and alkanes. The experiments revealed that alcohol polymerization requires the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen into alcohol. The OH group in alcohol physically contributes to initiate the airborne plasma reactions with its permittivity. However, the group chemically works to inhibit the fixation of nitrogen and successive polymerization of alcohols. Our study demonstrates that the ratio of OH groups per weight percent of each molecule decides the feasibility of the polymerization and the properties of the polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsuura
- Intelligent Systems Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba 305-8564, Japan.
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19
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Kosmidis C, Siozos P, Kaziannis S, Robson L, Ledingham KWD, McKenna P, Jaroszynski DA. Interaction Mechanism of Some Alkyl Iodides with Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:1279-85. [PMID: 16833441 DOI: 10.1021/jp045500j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of 1-iodopropane, 2-iodopropane, 1-iodobutane, 2-iodobutane, and 1-iodopentane with (5 x 10(13-)5 x 10(15) W/cm2) femtosecond laser fields is studied by means of a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. It is found that multiphoton ionization (MPI) and field ionization (FI) processes are involved in the molecular ionization. The contribution of these processes can be distinguished using the peak profile of the ions in the mass spectra. Thus, from the mass spectra of 2-iodoropane and 2-iodobutane, it is concluded that MPI processes are taking place even for Keldysh parameter values gamma approximately 0.3. The field ionization process depends on the characteristics of the molecular binding potential well and leads to an asymmetric charge distribution of the transient multiply charged parent ions. In the case of 1-iodobutane, the MPI processes lead to a stable doubly charged parent ion production with a laser intensity threshold higher than that found for I2+ ions. In addition, the isomers studied exhibit distinct differences in their mass spectra and their origin is discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Kosmidis
- Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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Krishnamurthy M, Rajgara FA, Mathur D. Strong light fields coax intramolecular reactions on femtosecond time scales. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:9765-8. [PMID: 15549849 DOI: 10.1063/1.1819895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Energetic H(2) (+) ions are formed as a result of intramolecular rearrangement during fragmentation of linear alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol, hexanol, and dodecanol) induced by intense, pulsed optical fields. The laser intensity regime that is accessed in these experiments (peak intensity of 8 x 10(15) W cm(-2)) ensures multiple ionization of the irradiated alcohol molecules such that Coulomb explosions would be expected to dominate the overall fragmentation dynamics. Polarization dependent measurements show, counterintuitively, that rearrangement is induced by the strong optical field within a single, 100 fs long laser pulse, and that it occurs before Coulomb explosion of the field-ionized multiply charged alcohols.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Krishnamurthy
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 1 Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400 005, India
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Suzuki M, Mukamel S. Many-body effects in molecular photoionization in intense laser fields; time-dependent Hartree–Fock simulations. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:669-76. [PMID: 15267901 DOI: 10.1063/1.1631252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The time evolution of the reduced single electron density matrix for eight electrons in a one-dimensional finite box potential driven by an intense laser field is calculated by numerically integrating the time-dependent Hartree-Fock equations. We study the effects of the Coulomb interaction, field intensity, and frequency on the time profile of the ionization process. Our computed saturation ionization intensity (Isat) is in good agreement with experimental results for decatetraene [Ivanov et al. J. Chem. Phys. 117, 1575 (2002)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Suzuki
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
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Ding H, Pino T, Güthe F, Maier JP. Isomeric Structures and Visible Electronic Spectrum of the C7H3 Radicals. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:14626-30. [PMID: 14624614 DOI: 10.1021/ja029650o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 2-(buta-1,3-diynyl)cycloprop-2-yl-1-ylidene radical, a new three-membered ring chain with Cs symmetry, has been detected by electronic spectroscopy in the gas phase. The experimental investigation used a mass selective resonant two color two photon ionization technique coupled to a supersonic plasma source. Structures and relative stability energies of eight isomers of the C7H3 radical have been calculated. Based on the rotational analysis and the theoretical calculations, the observed spectrum is assigned as an 2A" <-- X2A' electronic transition of this exotic chemical species. This result shows that such a plasma source is a powerful tool to investigate intermediates involved in hydrocarbon chemistry as in flames.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 80, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
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23
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Suzuki M, Mukamel S. Charge and bonding redistribution in octatetraene driven by a strong laser field: Time-dependent Hartree–Fock simulation. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1594721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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24
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Ohmura H, Nakanaga T, Arakawa H, Tachiya M. The interference effects induced by two-color excitation in the photodissociation of IBr. Chem Phys Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(02)01252-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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25
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Lezius M, Blanchet V, Ivanov MY, Stolow A. Polyatomic molecules in strong laser fields: Nonadiabatic multielectron dynamics. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1487823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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26
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Levis RJ, Rabitz HA. Closing the Loop on Bond Selective Chemistry Using Tailored Strong Field Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0134906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | - H. A. Rabitz
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
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27
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Tasker AD, Robson L, Ledingham KWD, McCanny T, Hankin SM, McKenna P, Kosmidis C, Jaroszynski DA, Jones DR. A High Mass Resolution Study of the Interaction of Aromatic and Nitro-Aromatic Molecules with Intense Laser Fields. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp013830n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. D. Tasker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - L. Robson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K. W. D. Ledingham
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - T. McCanny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - S. M. Hankin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - P. McKenna
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - C. Kosmidis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D. A. Jaroszynski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D. R. Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ Scotland, United Kingdom, Department of Physics, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece, TOPS Laser Facility, Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Strathclyde G4 ONG, Scotland, United Kingdom, and AWE plc., Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
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Lezius M. A B-TOF mass spectrometer for the analysis of ions with extreme high start-up energies. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:305-312. [PMID: 11921372 DOI: 10.1002/jms.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Weak magnetic deflection is combined with two acceleration stage time-of-flight mass spectrometry and subsequent position-sensitive ion detection. The experimental method, called B-TOF mass spectrometry, is described with respect to its theoretical background and some experimental results. It is demonstrated that the technique has distinct advantages over other approaches, with special respect to the identification and analysis of very highly energetic ions with an initially large energy broadening (up to 1 MeV) and with high charge states (up to 30+). Similar energetic targets are a common case in intense laser-matter interaction processes found during laser ablation, laser-cluster and laser-molecule interaction and fast particle and x-ray generation from laser-heated plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lezius
- Institute for Ion Physics, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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Moore NP, Markevitch AN, Levis RJ. Influencing Strong Field Excitation Dynamics through Molecular Structure. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp012985s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noel P. Moore
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
| | | | - Robert J. Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202
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30
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Greever JS, Turner JBM, Kauffman JF. Multiphoton Excited Conductance Spectroscopy. 1. Application of the Born Model to Femtosecond Laser Excited Multiphoton Ionization of Nonpolar Liquids. J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010692t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse S. Greever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600
| | - Joseph B M. Turner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600
| | - John F. Kauffman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600
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Harada H, Shimizu S, Yatsuhashi T, Sakabe S, Izawa Y, Nakashima N. A key factor in parent and fragment ion formation on irradiation with an intense femtosecond laser pulse. Chem Phys Lett 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(01)00662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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32
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Markevitch AN, Moore NP, Levis RJ. The influence of molecular structure on strong field energy coupling and partitioning. Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0104(01)00218-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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33
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Levis RJ, Menkir GM, Rabitz H. Selective bond dissociation and rearrangement with optimally tailored, strong-field laser pulses. Science 2001; 292:709-13. [PMID: 11283357 DOI: 10.1126/science.1059133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
We used strong-field laser pulses that were tailored with closed-loop optimal control to govern specified chemical dissociation and reactivity channels in a series of organic molecules. Selective cleavage and rearrangement of chemical bonds having dissociation energies up to approximately 100 kilocalories per mole (about 4 electron volts) are reported for polyatomic molecules, including (CH3)2CO (acetone), CH3COCF3 (trifluoroacetone), and C6H5COCH3 (acetophenone). Control over the formation of CH(3)CO from (CH3)2CO, CF3 (or CH3) from CH3COCF3, and C6H5CH3 (toluene) from C6H5COCH3 was observed with high selectivity. Strong-field control appears to have generic applicability for manipulating molecular reactivity because the tailored intense laser fields (about 10(13) watts per square centimeter) can dynamically Stark shift many excited states into resonance, and consequently, the method is not confined by resonant spectral restrictions found in the perturbative (weak-field) regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Levis
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA., Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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34
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Wu C, Xiong Y, Ji N, He Y, Gao Z, Kong F. Field Ionization of Aliphatic Ketones by Intense Femtosecond Laser. J Phys Chem A 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0024165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chengyin Wu
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
| | - Yijia Xiong
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
| | - Na Ji
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
| | - Yong He
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
| | - Zhen Gao
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
| | - Fan'ao Kong
- Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100080
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Nakashima N, Shimizu S, Yatsuhashi T, Sakabe S, Izawa Y. Large molecules in high-intensity laser fields. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-5567(00)00009-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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36
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Wu C, Xiong Y, Gao Z, Kong F, Lu H, Yang X, Xu Z. Ionization and dissociation of acetonitrile by intense femtosecond laser pulse. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02909685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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DeWitt MJ, Prall BS, Levis RJ. Orientational averaging in the intense field tunnel ionization of molecules. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.481941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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38
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Hankin SM, Villeneuve DM, Corkum PB, Rayner DM. Nonlinear ionization of organic molecules in high intensity laser fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2000; 84:5082-5085. [PMID: 10990872 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.84.5082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use a series of 23 organic molecules to study ionization of complex media caused by their interaction with intense 40 fs, 0.8 &mgr;m pulses. All molecules reach saturated ionization at higher intensities than would be expected for atoms of the same ionization potential, reminiscent to what has been reported for dielectric breakdown with femtosecond pulses. Dependence of the ionization rate on the alignment of the molecule with the laser field is ruled out as the cause of the high saturation intensities. All molecules allow a significant range of intensities between the region of approximately 100% ionization and before the second and subsequent electrons are removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Hankin
- Femtosecond Science Program, Steacie Institute for Molecular Science, National Research Council, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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39
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Moore NP, Levis RJ. The strong field photoelectron spectroscopy of acetylene: Evidence for short-lived 4p gerade states via electric field-induced resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization. J Chem Phys 2000. [DOI: 10.1063/1.480683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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