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Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Role of anisotropy in understanding the molecular grounds for density scaling in dynamics of glass-forming liquids. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2024; 87:084501. [PMID: 38861964 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ad569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations of glass-forming liquids play a pivotal role in uncovering the molecular nature of the liquid vitrification process. In particular, much focus was given to elucidating the interplay between the character of intermolecular potential and molecular dynamics behaviour. This has been tried to achieve by simulating the spherical particles interacting via isotropic potential. However, when simulation and experimental data are analysed in the same way by using the density scaling approaches, serious inconsistency is revealed between them. Similar scaling exponent values are determined by analysing the relaxation times and pVT data obtained from computer simulations. In contrast, these values differ significantly when the same analysis is carried out in the case of experimental data. As discussed thoroughly herein, the coherence between results of simulation and experiment can be achieved if anisotropy of intermolecular interactions is introduced to MD simulations. In practice, it has been realized in two different ways: (1) by using the anisotropic potential of the Gay-Berne type or (2) by replacing the spherical particles with quasi-real polyatomic anisotropic molecules interacting through isotropic Lenard-Jones potential. In particular, the last strategy has the potential to be used to explore the relationship between molecular architecture and molecular dynamics behaviour. Finally, we hope that the results presented in this review will also encourage others to explore how 'anisotropy' affects remaining aspects related to liquid-glass transition, like heterogeneity, glass transition temperature, glass forming ability, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - K Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - M Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Liszka K, Grzybowski A, Grzybowska K, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Entropy Scaling of Molecular Dynamics in a Prototypical Anisotropic Model near the Glass Transition. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37257018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c02429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics and thermodynamics of molecular systems in the vicinity of the boundary between thermodynamically nonequilibrium glassy and metastable supercooled liquid states are still incompletely explored and their theoretical and simulation models are imperfect despite many previous efforts. Among them, the role of total system entropy, configurational entropy, and excess entropy in the temperature-pressure or temperature-density dependence of global molecular dynamics (MD) timescale relevant to the glass transition is an essential topic intensively studied for over half of a century. By exploiting a well-known simple ellipsoidal model recently successfully applied to simulate the supercooled liquid state and the glass transition, we gain a new insight into the different views on the relationship between entropy and relaxation dynamics of glass formers, showing the molecular grounds for the entropy scaling of global MD timescale. Our simulations in the anisotropic model of supercooled liquid, which involves only translational and rotational degrees of freedom, give evidence that the total system entropy is sufficient to scale global MD timescale. It complies with the scaling effect on relaxation dynamics exerted by the configurational entropy defined as the total entropy diminished by vibrational contributions, which was earlier discovered for measurement data collected near the glass transition. Moreover, we argue that such a scaling behavior is not possible to achieve by using the excess entropy that is in excess of the ideal gas entropy, which is contrary to the results earlier suggested within the framework of simple isotropic models of supercooled liquids. Thus, our findings also warn against an excessive reliance on isotropic models in theoretical interpretations of molecular phenomena, despite their simplicity and popularity, because they may reflect improperly various physicochemical properties of glass formers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Liszka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Grzybowska
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Kajetan Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów, Poland
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Liszka K, Grzybowski A, Koperwas K, Paluch M. Density Scaling of Translational and Rotational Molecular Dynamics in a Simple Ellipsoidal Model near the Glass Transition. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094546. [PMID: 35562937 PMCID: PMC9103086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that a simple anisotropic model of supercooled liquid properly reflects some density scaling properties observed for experimental data, contrary to many previous results obtained from isotropic models. We employ a well-known Gay–Berne model earlier parametrized to achieve a supercooling and glass transition at zero pressure to find the point of glass transition and explore volumetric and dynamic properties in the supercooled liquid state at elevated pressure. We focus on dynamic scaling properties of the anisotropic model of supercooled liquid to gain a better insight into the grounds for the density scaling idea that bears hallmarks of universality, as follows from plenty of experimental data collected near the glass transition for different dynamic quantities. As a result, the most appropriate values of the scaling exponent γ are established as invariants for a given anisotropy aspect ratio to successfully scale both the translational and rotational relaxation times considered as single variable functions of densityγ/temperature. These scaling exponent values are determined based on the density scaling criterion and differ from those obtained in other ways, such as the virial–potential energy correlation and the equation of state derived from the effective short-range intermolecular potential, which is qualitatively in accordance with the results yielded from experimental data analyses. Our findings strongly suggest that there is a deep need to employ anisotropic models in the study of glass transition and supercooled liquids instead of the isotropic ones very commonly exploited in molecular dynamics simulations of supercooled liquids over the last decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karol Liszka
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Kajetan Koperwas
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Marian Paluch
- Institute of Physics, University of Silesia in Katowice, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland; (K.L.); (K.K.); (M.P.)
- Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research, ul. 75 Pulku Piechoty 1a, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
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Cubeta US, Sadtchenko V. Glass softening kinetics in the limit of high heating rates. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5046304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ulyana S. Cubeta
- Chemistry Department, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
| | - Vlad Sadtchenko
- Chemistry Department, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, USA
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Laventure A, Lauzon D, Pellerin C, Lebel O. Triazine-based molecular glasses frustrate the crystallization of barbiturates. CrystEngComm 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9ce00022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogen bonding is a key element in crystal engineering to direct crystal packing. Here, hydrogen bonding with molecular glasses is rather exploited to thwart crystallization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dominic Lauzon
- Département de chimie
- Université de Montréal
- Montréal
- Canada
| | | | - Olivier Lebel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Royal Military College of Canada
- Kingston
- Canada
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Zhang G, Stillinger FH, Torquato S. The Perfect Glass Paradigm: Disordered Hyperuniform Glasses Down to Absolute Zero. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36963. [PMID: 27892452 PMCID: PMC5125002 DOI: 10.1038/srep36963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid cooling of liquids below a certain temperature range can result in a transition to glassy states. The traditional understanding of glasses includes their thermodynamic metastability with respect to crystals. However, here we present specific examples of interactions that eliminate the possibilities of crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, while creating mechanically stable amorphous glasses down to absolute zero temperature. We show that this can be accomplished by introducing a new ideal state of matter called a "perfect glass". A perfect glass represents a soft-interaction analog of the maximally random jammed (MRJ) packings of hard particles. These latter states can be regarded as the epitome of a glass since they are out of equilibrium, maximally disordered, hyperuniform, mechanically rigid with infinite bulk and shear moduli, and can never crystallize due to configuration-space trapping. Our model perfect glass utilizes two-, three-, and four-body soft interactions while simultaneously retaining the salient attributes of the MRJ state. These models constitute a theoretical proof of concept for perfect glasses and broaden our fundamental understanding of glass physics. A novel feature of equilibrium systems of identical particles interacting with the perfect-glass potential at positive temperature is that they have a non-relativistic speed of sound that is infinite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
| | - F. H. Stillinger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
| | - S. Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
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Tu W, Chen Z, Li X, Gao Y, Liu R, Wang LM. Revisiting the glass transition and dynamics of supercooled benzene by calorimetric studies. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164501. [PMID: 26520521 DOI: 10.1063/1.4933425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The glass transition and dynamics of benzene are studied in binary mixtures of benzene with five glass forming liquids, which can be divided into three groups: (a) o-terphenyl and m-xylene, (b) N-butyl methacrylate, and (c) N,N-dimethylpropionamide and N,N-diethylformamide to represent the weak, moderate, and strong interactions with benzene. The enthalpies of mixing, ΔH(mix), for the benzene mixtures are measured to show positive or negative signs, with which the validity of the extrapolations of the glass transition temperature T(g) to the benzene-rich regions is examined. The extrapolations for the T(g) data in the mixtures are found to converge around the point of 142 K, producing T(g) of pure benzene. The fragility m of benzene is also evaluated by extrapolating the results of the mixtures, and a fragility m ∼ 80 is yielded. The obtained T(g) and m values for benzene allow for the construction of the activation plot in the deeply supercooled region. The poor glass formability of benzene is found to result from the high melting point, which in turn leads to low viscosity in the supercooled liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkang Tu
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Zeming Chen
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Xiangqian Li
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Riping Liu
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
| | - Li-Min Wang
- State Key Lab of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066004, China
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Lascaris E, Hemmati M, Buldyrev SV, Stanley HE, Angell CA. Search for a liquid-liquid critical point in models of silica. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4879057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Angell CA, Zhao Z. Fluctuations, clusters, and phase transitions in liquids, solutions, and glasses: from metastable water to phase change memory materials. Faraday Discuss 2013; 167:625-41. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd00111c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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