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Ablyasova OS, Zamudio-Bayer V, Flach M, da Silva Santos M, Lau JT, Hirsch K. Direct spectroscopic evidence for the high-spin state of dioxidomanganese(V). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:5830-5835. [PMID: 38305255 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05468c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The spin state of metal centers in many catalytic reactions has been demonstrated to be a rate limiting factor when high-valent metal centers such as manganese are involved. Although numerous manganese(V) complexes, including a few manganese(V) oxo complexes, have been identified, thus far only one of these, [MnVH3 buea(O)], has been directly confirmed to exist in a high spin state. Such a high-spin manganese(V) center may play a crucial role in the dioxygen formation process in the elusive S4 state of the Kok cycle in photosystem II. In this study, we provide direct experimental evidence, using X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), of gas phase [OMnO]+ as the second known high-spin manganese(V) oxo complex. We conclusively assign the ground state as 3B1 (C2v). Additionally, we provide fingerprint spectra not only for [OMnV O]+, but also for the high-spin hydroxidooxidomanganese(IV) ion [OMnIV OH]+ in its 4A'' (Cs) ground state that is expected to exhibit similar XAS and XMCD spectral signatures to neutral dioxidomanganese(IV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya S Ablyasova
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Vicente Zamudio-Bayer
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.
| | - Max Flach
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Mayara da Silva Santos
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - J Tobias Lau
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, Freiburg 79104, Germany
| | - Konstantin Hirsch
- Abteilung für Hochempfindliche Röntgenspektroskopie, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Albert-Einstein-Str. 15, Berlin 12489, Germany.
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2
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Grützmacher PG, Cutini M, Marquis E, Rodríguez Ripoll M, Riedl H, Kutrowatz P, Bug S, Hsu CJ, Bernardi J, Gachot C, Erdemir A, Righi MC. Se Nanopowder Conversion into Lubricious 2D Selenide Layers by Tribochemical Reactions. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302076. [PMID: 37247210 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) coatings have attracted enormous scientific and industrial interest due to their outstanding tribological behavior. The paradigmatic example is MoS2 , even though selenides and tellurides have demonstrated superior tribological properties. Here, an innovative in operando conversion of Se nanopowders into lubricious 2D selenides, by sprinkling them onto sliding metallic surfaces coated with Mo and W thin films, is described. Advanced material characterization confirms the tribochemical formation of a thin tribofilm containing selenides, reducing the coefficient of friction down to below 0.1 in ambient air, levels typically reached using fully formulated oils. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations under tribological conditions reveal the atomistic mechanisms that result in the shear-induced synthesis of selenide monolayers from nanopowders. The use of Se nanopowder provides thermal stability and prevents outgassing in vacuum environments. Additionally, the high reactivity of the Se nanopowder with the transition metal coating in the conditions prevailing in the contact interface yields highly reproducible results, making it particularly suitable for the replenishment of sliding components with solid lubricants, avoiding the long-lasting problem of TMD-lubricity degradation caused by environmental molecules. The suggested straightforward approach demonstrates an unconventional and smart way to synthesize TMDs in operando and exploit their friction- and wear-reducing impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp G Grützmacher
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Michele Cutini
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | - Edoardo Marquis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
| | | | - Helmut Riedl
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Philip Kutrowatz
- Institute of Materials Science and Technology, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Stefan Bug
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Chia-Jui Hsu
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Johannes Bernardi
- University Service Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy (USTEM), TU Wien, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Carsten Gachot
- Institute for Engineering Design and Product Development, Tribology Research Division, TU Wien, Vienna, 1060, Austria
| | - Ali Erdemir
- J. Mike Walker '66 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Maria Clelia Righi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, 40127, Italy
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Garcia JM, Sayres SG. Tuning the photodynamics of sub-nanometer neutral chromium oxide clusters through sequential oxidation. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:7798-7806. [PMID: 35535667 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr00464j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sub-nanometer neutral chromium oxide clusters were produced in the gas phase through laser ablation and their low-lying excited state lifetimes were measured using femtosecond pump-probe spectroscopy. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations relate the trends in experimental lifetimes to the cluster's electronic structure. The photoexcited (CrO2)n (n < 5) cluster transients with the absence of up to four O atoms (CrnO2n-x, x < 5) exhibit a ∼30 fs and sub-ps lifetime, attributed to instantaneous metallic e-e scattering and vibrationally mediated charge carrier relaxation, respectively. A long-lived (>2 ps) response is found in both small and clusters with low O content, indicating that terminal CrO bonds facilitate efficient excited state relaxation. The ∼30 fs transient signal fraction grows nearly linearly with oxidation, matching the amount of O-2p to Cr-3d charge transfer character of the photoexcitation and suggesting a gradual transition between semiconducting and metallic behavior in chromium oxide clusters at the molecular level. The results presented herein suggest that the photocatalytic properties of chromium oxides can be tunable based on size and oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Garcia
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
| | - Scott G Sayres
- School of Molecular Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA.
- Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA
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Rezaei M, Öğüt S. Photoelectron spectra of early 3d-transition metal dioxide molecular anions from GW calculations. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:094307. [PMID: 33685151 DOI: 10.1063/5.0042106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoelectron spectra of early 3d-transition metal dioxide anions, ScO2 -, TiO2 -, VO2 -, CrO2 -, and MnO2 -, are calculated using semilocal and hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and many-body perturbation theory within the GW approximation using one-shot perturbative and eigenvalue self-consistent formalisms. Different levels of theory are compared with each other and with available photoelectron spectra. We show that one-shot GW with a PBE0 starting point (G0W0@PBE0) consistently provides very good agreement for all experimentally measured binding energies (within 0.1 eV-0.2 eV or less). We attribute this to the success of PBE0 in mitigating self-interaction error and providing good quasiparticle wave functions, which renders a first-order perturbative GW correction effective. One-shot GW calculations with a Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) starting point do poorly in predicting electron removal energies by underbinding orbitals with typical errors near 1.5 eV. A higher exact exchange amount of 50% in the DFT starting point of one-shot GW does not provide very good agreement with experiment by overbinding orbitals with typical errors near 0.5 eV. While not as accurate as G0W0@PBE0, the G-only eigenvalue self-consistent GW scheme with W fixed to the PBE level provides a reasonably predictive level of theory (typical errors near 0.3 eV) to describe photoelectron spectra of these 3d-transition metal dioxide anions. Adding eigenvalue self-consistency also in W, on the other hand, worsens the agreement with experiment overall. Our findings on the performance of various GW methods are discussed in the context of our previous studies on other transition metal oxide molecular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Rezaei
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Serdar Öğüt
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Babaee S, Zarei M, Sepehrmansourie H, Zolfigol MA, Rostamnia S. Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks MIL-101(Cr)-NH 2 Containing Phosphorous Acid Functional Groups: Application for the Synthesis of N-Amino-2-pyridone and Pyrano [2,3- c]pyrazole Derivatives via a Cooperative Vinylogous Anomeric-Based Oxidation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:6240-6249. [PMID: 32258858 PMCID: PMC7114146 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In the current paper, we successfully developed and used metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) based on MIL-101(Cr)-NH2 with phosphorus acid functional groups MIL-101(Cr)-N(CH2PO3H2)2. The synthesized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as a multi-functional heterogeneous and nanoporous catalyst were used for the synthesis of N-amino-2-pyridone and pyrano [2,3-c]pyrazole derivatives via reaction of ethyl cyanoacetate or ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, malononitrile, and various aldehydes. The final step of the reaction mechanism was preceded by a cooperative vinylogous anomeric-based oxidation. Recycle and reusability of the described catalyst MIL-101(Cr)-N(CH2PO3H2)2 were also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Babaee
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Zarei
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Hassan Sepehrmansourie
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Zolfigol
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, P.O. Box 6517838683, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Sadegh Rostamnia
- Organic
and Nano Group (ONG), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Maragheh, P.O. Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran
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6
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Zhou Z, Zhao Y. Noble Gas-Tungsten Peroxide Complexes in Noble Gas Matrixes: Infrared Spectroscopy and Density Functional Theoretical Study. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:556-564. [PMID: 30571114 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b10784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation results indicate that tungsten oxo and mono-superoxide, WO3 and (η2-O2)WO2, coordinate noble gas atoms in forming noble gas-tungsten oxide complexes. The results showed that both WO3 and (η2-O2)WO2 oxides can coordinate one Ar or Xe atom in solid noble gas matrixes; otherwise, tungsten mono- and dioxides cannot. Hence, the WO3 and (η2-O2)WO2 molecules trapped previously in solid argon noble gas matrixes should be regarded as the WO3(Ar) oxide and (η2-O2)WO2(Ar) peroxide complexes. When annealing, the lighter Ar atom can be replaced by a heavier xenon atom to form WO3(Xe) and (η2-O2)WO2(Xe) complexes. What's more, upon UV photolysis, both Ar and Xe atoms can be replaced by oxygen to form a tungsten disuperoxide (η2-O2)2WO2 complex. The binding energies were predicted to be 25.7, 16.6, 9.4, 14.7, and 8.1 kcal/mol for the (η2-O2)2WO2, WO3(Xe), WO3(Ar), (η2-O2)WO2(Xe), and (η2-O2)WO2(Ar) complexes at the CCSD(T)//M06-2X-D3//def2-TZVP/DGDZVP/SDD level. The substitution law, O2 > Xe > Ar, can be interpreted according to the chemical reaction energies calculated to be -6.6 and +11.0 kcal/mol, respectively, for the equation formulas Xe + (η2-O2)WO2(Ar) = (η2-O2)WO2(Xe) + Ar and O2 + (η2-O2)WO2(Xe) = (η2-O2)2WO2 + Xe at the same level.
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7
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Chen X, Li Q, Andrews L, Gong Y. Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Group 3 Metal Isocyanide Molecules. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:7099-7106. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b06810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiuting Chen
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qingnuan Li
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Radiochemistry, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Shanghai 201800, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
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8
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Hübner O, Himmel HJ. Metal Cluster Models for Heterogeneous Catalysis: A Matrix-Isolation Perspective. Chemistry 2018; 24:8941-8961. [PMID: 29457854 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201706097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Metal cluster models are of high relevance for establishing new mechanistic concepts for heterogeneous catalysis. The high reactivity and particular selectivity of metal clusters is caused by the wealth of low-lying electronically excited states that are often thermally populated. Thereby the metal clusters are flexible with regard to their electronic structure and can adjust their states to be appropriate for the reaction with a particular substrate. The matrix isolation technique is ideally suited for studying excited state reactivity. The low matrix temperatures (generally 4-40 K) of the noble gas matrix host guarantee that all clusters are in their electronic ground-state (with only a very few exceptions). Electronically excited states can then be selectively populated and their reactivity probed. Unfortunately, a systematic research in this direction has not been made up to date. The purpose of this review is to provide the grounds for a directed approach to understand cluster reactivity through matrix-isolation studies combined with quantum chemical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Hübner
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Himmel
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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9
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Zhang Q, Hu SX, Qu H, Su J, Wang G, Lu JB, Chen M, Zhou M, Li J. Pentavalent Lanthanide Compounds: Formation and Characterization of Praseodymium(V) Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:6896-900. [PMID: 27100273 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201602196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of lanthanides (Ln=La-Lu) is dominated by the low-valent +3 or +2 oxidation state because of the chemical inertness of the valence 4f electrons. The highest known oxidation state of the whole lanthanide series is +4 for Ce, Pr, Nd, Tb, and Dy. We report the formation of the lanthanide oxide species PrO4 and PrO2 (+) complexes in the gas phase and in a solid noble-gas matrix. Combined infrared spectroscopic and advanced quantum chemistry studies show that these species have the unprecedented Pr(V) oxidation state, thus demonstrating that the pentavalent state is viable for lanthanide elements in a suitable coordination environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Mohua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Zhang Q, Hu SX, Qu H, Su J, Wang G, Lu JB, Chen M, Zhou M, Li J. Pentavalent Lanthanide Compounds: Formation and Characterization of Praseodymium(V) Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201602196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingnan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Shu-Xian Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Hui Qu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jun-Bo Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
| | - Mohua Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials; Fudan University; Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics & Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education; Tsinghua University; Beijing 100084 China
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11
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Structure, stability and reactivity of neutral and charged monomeric chromium oxide clusters. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Rousseau R, Dixon DA, Kay BD, Dohnálek Z. Dehydration, dehydrogenation, and condensation of alcohols on supported oxide catalysts based on cyclic (WO3)3 and (MoO3)3 clusters. Chem Soc Rev 2014; 43:7664-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cs60445d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The review summarizes recent synthesis and reactivity studies of model oxide catalysts prepared by the deposition of gas phase cyclic (WO3)3 and (MoO3)3 clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Rousseau
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry
- The University of Alabama
- Tuscaloosa, USA
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
| | - Zdenek Dohnálek
- Fundamental and Computational Sciences Directorate and Institute for Integrated Catalysis
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland, USA
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13
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Wang C, Chen M, Li ZH, Zhou M. Formation and infrared spectroscopic characterization of three oxygen-rich BiO4 isomers in solid argon. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:11217-24. [PMID: 24112025 DOI: 10.1021/jp406126c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The reactions of bismuth atoms and O2 have been investigated using matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The ground state bismuth atoms react with dioxygen to form the BiOO and Bi(O2)2 complexes spontaneously on annealing. The BiOO molecule is characterized to be an end-on bonded superoxide complex, while the Bi(O2)2 molecule is characterized to be a superoxo bismuth peroxide complex, [Bi(3+)(O2(-))(O2(2-))]. Under UV-visible light irradiation, the Bi(O2)2 complex rearranges to the more stable OBiOOO isomer, an end-on bonded bismuth monoxide-ozonide complex. The end-on-bonded OBiOOO complex further rearranges to a more stable side-on bonded OBiO3 isomer upon sample annealing. In addition, the bent bismuth dioxide anion is also formed and assigned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University , Shanghai 200433, China
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14
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Andrews L, Gong Y, Liang B, Jackson VE, Flamerich R, Li S, Dixon DA. Matrix Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Studies of Thorium Oxide Species: ThOx and Th2Oy. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:14407-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208926m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Binyong Liang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, United States
| | - Virgil E. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Ryan Flamerich
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Shenggang Li
- Low Carbon Conversion Center, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - David A. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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15
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Pradhan K, Gutsev GL, Weatherford CA, Jena P. A systematic study of neutral and charged 3d-metal trioxides and tetraoxides. J Chem Phys 2011; 134:144305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3570578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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16
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17
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Uzunova EL. Electronic Structure of Trioxide, Oxoperoxide, Oxosuperoxide, and Ozonide Clusters of the 3d Elements: Density Functional Theory Study. J Phys Chem A 2011; 115:1320-30. [DOI: 10.1021/jp1097266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellie L. Uzunova
- Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev Street, bl. 11, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria
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19
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Zhao Y, Zhou M. Are matrix isolated species really “isolated”? Infrared spectroscopic and theoretical studies of noble gas-transition metal oxide complexes. Sci China Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-010-0044-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Gong Y, Zhou M, Andrews L. Spectroscopic and Theoretical Studies of Transition Metal Oxides and Dioxygen Complexes. Chem Rev 2009; 109:6765-808. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900185x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 324] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901
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Wang X, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations for SMO2 Molecules (M = Cr, Mo, W). J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:8934-41. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9033408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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22
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Wang X, Andrews L, Marsden CJ. Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations of the SUO2 Molecule. Inorg Chem 2009; 48:6888-95. [DOI: 10.1021/ic900869f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Colin J. Marsden
- Laboratoire de Chimie et Physique Quantiques, UMR 5626, IRSAMC, Universite Paul Sabatier, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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23
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Gong Y, Zhou M. Infrared Spectra of Transition-Metal Dioxide Anions: MO2− (M = Rh, Ir, Pt, Au) in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:4990-5. [DOI: 10.1021/jp900974w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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24
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Gong Y, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of Two FeO3 Isomers in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:10838-42. [DOI: 10.1021/jp806442y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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25
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Zhao Y, Su J, Gong Y, Li J, Zhou M. Noble-Gas-Induced Disproportionation Reactions: Facile Superoxo-to-Peroxo Conversion on Chromium Dioxide. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:8606-11. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804995d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China, and Department of Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, P. R. China
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26
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Reed ZD, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Yttrium and Lanthanum Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:5354-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp800588r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. D. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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27
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Molek KS, Anfuso-Cleary C, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Iron Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:9238-47. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8009436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. S. Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - C. Anfuso-Cleary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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28
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Gong Y, Ding C, Zhou M. Formation and Characterization of the Oxygen-Rich Scandium Oxide/Dioxygen Complexes ScOn (n = 4, 6, 8) in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11572-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp075470v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gong
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Chuanfan Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Advanced Materials Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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30
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Molek KS, Reed ZD, Ricks AM, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Chromium Oxide Cluster Cations. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:8080-9. [PMID: 17665887 DOI: 10.1021/jp073789+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chromium oxide cluster cations, Cr(n)O(m)+, are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed nozzle cluster source and detected with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The mass spectrum exhibits a limited number of stoichiometries for each value of n, where m > n. The cluster cations are mass selected and photodissociated using the second (532 nm) or third (355 nm) harmonic output of a Nd:YAG laser. At either wavelength, multiphoton absorption is required to dissociate these clusters, which is consistent with their expected strong bonding. Cluster dissociation occurs via elimination of molecular oxygen, or by fission processes producing stable cation species and/or eliminating stable neutrals such as CrO3, Cr(2)O(5), or Cr(4)O(10). Specific cation clusters identified to be stable because they are produced repeatedly in the decomposition of larger clusters include Cr(2)O(4)+, Cr(3)O(6)+, Cr(3)O(7)+, Cr(4)O(9)+, and Cr(4)O(10)+.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Molek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556, USA
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31
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Wang X, Andrews L. Infrared Spectroscopic Observation of the Group 13 Metal Hydroxides, M(OH)1,2,3 (M =Al, Ga, In, and Tl) and HAl(OH)2. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:1860-8. [PMID: 17388275 DOI: 10.1021/jp066390e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of laser-ablated Al, Ga, In, and Tl atoms with H2O2 and with H2 + O2 mixtures diluted in argon give new absorptions in the O-H and M-O stretching and O-H bending regions, which are assigned to the metal mono-, di-, and trihydroxide molecules. Isotopic substitutions (D2O2, 18O2, 16,18O2, HD, and D2) confirm the assignments, and DFT calculations reproduce the experimental results. Infrared spectra for the Al(OH)(OD) molecule verify the calculated C2v structure. The trihydroxide molecules increase on annealing from the spontaneous reaction with a second H2O2 molecule. Aluminum atom reactions with the H2 + O2 mixtures favor the HAl(OH)2 product, suggesting that AlH3 generated by UV irradiation combines with O2 to form HAl(OH)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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32
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Zhao Y, Gong Y, Zhou M. Matrix Isolation Infrared Spectroscopic and Theoretical Study of NgMO (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10777-82. [PMID: 16970371 DOI: 10.1021/jp064100o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation results indicate that late transition metal monoxides CrO through NiO coordinate one noble gas atom in forming the NgMO complexes (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe; M = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) in solid noble gas matrixes. Hence, the late transition metal monoxides previously characterized in solid noble gas matrixes should be regarded as the NgMO complexes, which were predicted to be linear. The M-Ng bond distances decrease, while the M-Ng binding energies increase from NgCrO to NgNiO. In contrast, the early transition metal monoxides, ScO, TiO, and VO, are not able to form similar noble gas atom complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanying Zhao
- Department of Chemistry & Laser Chemistry Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysts and Innovative Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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33
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Wang X, Andrews L. Contrasting Products in the Reactions of Cr, Mo, and W Atoms with H2O2: Argon Matrix Infrared Spectra and Theoretical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:10409-18. [PMID: 16942046 DOI: 10.1021/jp063024m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Products in the reactions of H2O2 and H2, O2 mixtures have been observed by matrix infrared absorptions and identified through comparisons with vibrational frequencies calculated for these molecules. The chromium reactions are dominated by lower oxidation state products, whereas molybdenum and tungsten chemistry favors higher oxidation state products. For example chromium dihydroxide, Cr(OH)2, molybdenum hydride oxide, H2MoO2, and tungsten hydride oxide, H2WO2, were observed in laser-ablated metal atom reactions with H2O2, and calculations show that these are the most stable molecules for this stoichiometry. Chromium monohydroxide, CrOH, was identified through O-H and Cr-O stretching modes, while HWO was observed by W-H and W=O stretching modes. The metal oxyhydroxides, HMO(OH), were observed for all metals. However, reactions with two H2O2 molecules give OCr(OH)2, MoO2(OH)2, and WO2(OH)2. The relative stabilities of different structures for Cr, Mo, and W are due to different participations of occupied d orbitals. The reactivity of the cold metal atoms with H2O2 on annealing the solid argon matrix increases on going down the group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, University of Virginia, P O Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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34
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Li S, Dixon DA. Molecular and Electronic Structures, Brönsted Basicities, and Lewis Acidities of Group VIB Transition Metal Oxide Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:6231-44. [PMID: 16686456 DOI: 10.1021/jp060735b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structures and properties of transition metal oxide (TMO) clusters of the group VIB metals, (MO(3))(n) (M = Cr, Mo, W; n = 1-6), have been studied with density functional theory (DFT) methods. Geometry optimizations and frequency calculations were carried out at the local and nonlocal DFT levels with polarized valence double-zeta quality basis sets, and final energies were calculated at nonlocal DFT levels with polarized valence triple-zeta quality basis sets at the local and nonlocal DFT geometries. Effective core potentials were used to treat the transition metal atoms. Two types of clusters were investigated, the ring and the chain, with the ring being lower in energy. Large ring structures (n > 3) were shown to be fluxional in their out of plane deformations. Long chain structures (n > 3) of (CrO(3))(n) were predicted to be weakly bound complexes of the smaller clusters at the nonlocal DFT levels. For M(6)O(18), two additional isomers were also studied, the cage and the inverted cage. The relative stability of the different conformations of M(6)O(18) depends on the transition metal as well as the level of theory. Normalized and differential clustering energies of the ring structures were calculated and were shown to vary with respect to the cluster size. Brönsted basicities and Lewis acidities based on a fluoride affinity scale were also calculated. The Brönsted basicities as well as the Lewis acidities depend on the size of the cluster and the site to which the proton or the fluoride anion binds. These clusters are fairly weak Brönsted bases with gas phase basicities comparable to those of H(2)O and NH(3). The clusters are, however, very strong Lewis acids and many of them are stronger than strong Lewis acids such as SbF(5). Brönsted acidities of M(6)O(19)H(2) and M(6)O(18)FH were calculated for M = Mo and W and these compounds were shown to be very strong acids in the gas phase. The acid/base properties of these TMO clusters are expected to play important roles in their catalytic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenggang Li
- Chemistry Department, The University of Alabama, Shelby Hall, Alabama 35487-0336, USA
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35
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Nielsen IMB, Allendorf MD. Thermochemistry of the Chromium Hydroxides Cr(OH)n, n = 2−6, and the Oxyhydroxide CrO(OH)4: Ab Initio Predictions. J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:4093-9. [PMID: 16539434 DOI: 10.1021/jp0564546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We here present a high-level ab initio study of the thermochemistry of the chromium hydroxides Cr(OH)n, n = 2-6, and of the oxyhydroxide CrO(OH)4. Optimum geometries and harmonic vibrational frequencies were determined at the B3LYP level of theory using basis sets of triple-zeta quality including polarization and diffuse functions. Heats of formation were obtained from isogyric reaction energies computed at the CCSD(T) level of theory using large basis sets and including corrections for core-valence correlation, scalar relativistic effects, and basis set incompleteness. Additionally, polynomial fits were performed for the heat capacity and the standard enthalpy and entropy over the 100-3000 K temperature range. While our computed heats of formation agree well with previously obtained experimental data for some of these species, our results suggest that revision of the experimental data for others may be appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida M B Nielsen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 969, Livermore, California 94551, USA.
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36
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Sniatynsky R, Cedeño DL. A density functional theory benchmark of the formation enthalpy and first CO dissociation enthalpy of hexacarbonyl complexes of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theochem.2004.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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37
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Zhai HJ, Kiran B, Cui LF, Li X, Dixon DA, Wang LS. Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding in MOn- and MOn Clusters (M = Mo, W; n = 3−5): A Photoelectron Spectroscopy and ab Initio Study. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:16134-41. [PMID: 15584749 DOI: 10.1021/ja046536s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and ab initio calculations are combined to investigate the electronic structure of MO(n)- clusters (M = W, Mo; n = 3-5). Similar PES spectra were observed between the W and Mo species. A large energy gap between the first and second PES bands was observed for MO3- and correlated with a stable closed-shell MO3 neutral cluster. The electron binding energies of MO4- increase significantly relative to those of MO3-, and there is also an abrupt spectral pattern change between MO3- and MO4-. Both MO4- and MO5- give PES features with extremely high electron binding energies (>5.0 eV) due to oxygen-2p-based orbitals. The experimental results are compared with extensive density functional and ab initio [CCSD(T)] calculations, which were performed to elucidate the electronic and structural evolution for the tungsten oxide clusters. WO3 is found to be a closed-shell, nonplanar molecule with C3v symmetry. WO4 is shown to have a triplet ground state (3A2) with D2d symmetry, whereas WO5 is found to be an unusual charge-transfer complex, (O2-)WO3+. WO4 and WO5 are shown to possess W-O* and O2-* radical characters, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Jin Zhai
- Department of Physics, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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38
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Andrews L, Zhou M, Gutsev GL. Reactions of Laser-Ablated Mo and W Atoms, Cations, and Electrons with CO in Excess Neon: Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations on Neutral and Charged Unsaturated Metal Carbonyls. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026978v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Chemistry Department, P. O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Chemistry Department, P. O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Gennady L. Gutsev
- Chemistry Department, P. O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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39
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Andrews L, Zhou M, Gutsev GL, Wang X. Reactions of Laser-Ablated Chromium Atoms, Cations, and Electrons with CO in Excess Argon and Neon: Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations on Neutral and Charged Unsaturated Chromium Carbonyls. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026955g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lester Andrews
- Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Mingfei Zhou
- Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Gennady L. Gutsev
- Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- Chemistry Department, P.O. Box 400319, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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40
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Wang X, Andrews L. Chromium Hydrides and Dihydrogen Complexes in Solid Neon, Argon, and Hydrogen: Matrix Infrared Spectra and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2003. [DOI: 10.1021/jp026930h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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41
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Tao H, Sun X, Guo Z, Zhu L. Theoretical calculation on far-infrared spectra of some palladium(II) and platinum(II) halides: effect of theoretical methods and basis sets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1280(02)00392-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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42
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Liang B, Andrews L. Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Theory Calculations of Group 6 Transition Metal Sulfides in Solid Argon. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025915+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Wang X, Andrews L. Neon Matrix Infrared Spectra and DFT Calculations of Tungsten Hydrides WHx (x = 1−4, 6). J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp025920d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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44
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Aubriet F, Muller JF. About the Atypical Behavior of CrO3, MoO3, and WO3 during Their UV Laser Ablation/Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp020432r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Aubriet
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, IPEM−Université de Metz−1, boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
| | - Jean-François Muller
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse et de Chimie Laser, IPEM−Université de Metz−1, boulevard Arago, 57078 Metz Cedex 03, France
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45
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Wang X, Andrews L. Neon matrix infrared spectrum of WH(6): a distorted trigonal prism structure. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:5636-7. [PMID: 12010026 DOI: 10.1021/ja020216w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reactions of laser-ablated W atoms and H(2) molecules during condensation in excess neon give the WH, WH(2), WH(3), WH(4), and WH(6) hydride products. WH(6) absorptions increase on annealing to allow diffusion and further reaction of H(2) and decrease on photolysis such that six infrared bands can be grouped and assigned to WH(6). Excellent agreement between four observed neon matrix and four DFT calculated W-H stretching modes (two a(1) and two e) and bending and deformation modes (a(1) and e) confirms the present neon matrix preparation of WH(6) and the previous theoretical predictions of a distorted trigonal prism structure which is far from octahedral.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319, USA
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46
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Zhang L, Wei H, Zhang Y, Guo Z, Zhu L. Theoretical Study of Far-Infrared Spectra of Some Palladium and Platinum Halide Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jp011543d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hua Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Longgen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Coordination Chemistry Institute, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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47
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Martos M, Morales J, Sánchez L. Mechanochemical synthesis of Sn1 − xMoxO2anode materials for Li-ion batteries. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1039/b203993a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Zhou M, Andrews L, Bauschlicher CW. Spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of vibrational frequencies in binary unsaturated transition-metal carbonyl cations, neutrals, and anions. Chem Rev 2001; 101:1931-61. [PMID: 11710236 DOI: 10.1021/cr990102b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 383] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Figure 18 presents the C-O stretching vibrational frequencies of the first-row transition-metal monocarbonyl cations, neutrals, and anions in solid neon; similar diagrams have been reported for neutral MCO species in solid argon, but three of the early assignments have been changed by recent work and one new assignment added. The laser-ablation method produces mostly neutral atoms with a few percent cations and electrons for capture to make anions; in contrast, thermal evaporation gives only neutral species. Hence, the very recent neon matrix investigations in our laboratory provide carbonyl cations and anions for comparison to neutrals on a level playing field. Several trends are very interesting. First, for all metals, the C-O stretching frequencies follow the order cations > neutrals > anions with large diagnostic 100-200 cm-1 separations, which is consistent with the magnitude of the metal d to CO pi * donation. Second, for a given charge, there is a general increase in C-O stretching vibrational frequencies with increasing metal atomic number, which demonstrates the expected decrease in the metal to CO pi * donation with increasing metal ionization potential. Some of the structure in this plot arises from the extra stability of the filled and half-filled d shell and from the electron pairing that occurs at the middle of the TM row; the plot resembles the "double-humped" graph found for the variation in properties across a row of transition metals. For the anions, the variation with metal atom is the smallest since all of the metals can easily donate charge to the CO ligand. Third, for the early transition-metal Ti, V, and Cr families, the C-O stretching frequencies decrease when going down the family, but the reverse relationship is observed for the late transition-metal Fe, Co, and Ni families. In most of the present discussion, we have referred to neon matrix frequencies; however, the argon matrix frequencies are complementary, and useful information can be obtained from comparison of the two matrix hosts. In most cases, the neon-to-argon red shift for neutral carbonyls is from 11 to 26 cm-1, but a few (CrCO) lie outside of this range. In the case of FeCO and Fe(CO)2, it appears that neon and argon trap different low-lying electronic states. In general, the carbonyl neutrals and anions have similar shifts but carbonyl cations have larger matrix shifts. For example, the FeCO+ fundamental is at 2123.0 cm-1 in neon and 2081.5 cm-1 in argon, a 42.5 cm-1 shift, which is larger than those found for FeCO- (11.7 cm-1) and FeCO (11.7 cm-1). It is unusual for different low-lying electronic states to be trapped in different matrices, but CUO provides another example. The linear singlet state (1047.3, 872.2 cm-1) is trapped in solid neon, and a calculated 1.2 kcal/mol higher triplet state is trapped in solid argon (852.5, 804.3 cm-1) and stabilized by a specific interaction with argon. The bonding trends are well described by theoretical calculations of vibrational frequencies. Table 5 compares the scale factors (observed neon matrix/calculated) for the C-O stretching modes of the monocarbonyl cations, neutrals, and anions of the first-row transition metals observed in a neon matrix using the B3LYP and BP86 density functionals. Most of the calculated carbonyl harmonic stretching frequencies are within 1% of the experimental fundamentals at the BP86 level of theory, while calculations using the B3LYP functional give frequencies that are 3-4% higher as expected for these density functionals and calculations on saturated TM-carbonyls. For second- and third-row carbonyls using the BP86 density functional and the LANL effective core potential in conjunction with the DZ basis set, the agreement between theory and experiment is just as good. For example, the 16 M(CO)1-4 neutral and anion and 2 MCO+ cation (M = Ru, Os) carbonyl frequencies are fit within 1.5%. The 16 species (M = Rh, Ir) are fit within 1%, but the Rh(CO)1-4+ calculations are 2-3% too low and Ir(CO)1-4+ computations are 1-2% too low. In addition to predicting the vibrational frequencies, DFT can be used to calculate different isotopic frequencies, and isotopic frequency ratios can be computed as a measure of the normal vibrational mode in the molecule for an additional diagnostic. For diatomic CO, the 12CO/13CO ratio 1.0225 and C16O/C18O ratio 1.0244 characterize a pure C-O stretching mode. In a series of molecules such as RhCO+, RhCO, and RhCO-, where the metal-CO bonding varies, the Rh-C, C-O vibrational interaction is different and the unique isotopic ratios for the carbonyl vibration are characteristic of that particular molecule. Table 6 summarizes the isotopic ratios observed and calculated for the RhCO+,0,- species. Note that RhCO+ exhibits slightly more carbon-13 and less oxygen-18 involvement in the C-O vibration than CO itself and that this trend increases to RhCO and to RhCO- as the Rh-C bond becomes shorter and stronger. Note also how closely the calculated and observed ratios both follow this trend. In a molecule with two C-O stretching modes, for example, bent Ni(CO)2 exhibits a strong b2 mode at 1978.9 cm-1 and a weak a1 mode at 2089.7 cm-1 in solid neon, and these two modes involve different C and O participations. The symmetric mode shows substantially more C (1.0242) and less O (1.0217) participation than does the antisymmetric mode with C (1.0228) and O (1.0238) involvement, based on the given isotopic frequency ratios, which are nicely matched by DFT calculations (a1 1.0244, 1.0224 and b2 1.0232, 1.0241, respectively). These investigations of vibrational frequencies in unsaturated transition-metal carbonyl cations, neutrals, and anions clearly demonstrate the value of a close working relationship between experiment and theory to identify and characterize new molecular species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Laser Chemistry Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Zhou M, Zhang L, Qin Q. Chromium Oxide Complexes with Dinitrogen. Formation and Characterization of the (NN)xCrO and (NN)xCrO2 (x = 1,2). J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Laser Chemistry Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Luning Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Laser Chemistry Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
| | - Qizong Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Laser Chemistry Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Wang X, Andrews L. Precious Metal−Molecular Oxygen Complexes: Neon Matrix Infrared Spectra and Density Functional Calculations for M(O2), M(O2)2 (M = Pd, Pt, Ag, Au). J Phys Chem A 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp010058f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
| | - Lester Andrews
- Department of Chemistry, University of Virginia, McCormick Road, P.O. Box 400319, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4319
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