1
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Meer DJ, Galoustian I, Manuel JGDF, Weeks ER. Estimating random close packing density from circle radius distributions. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:064905. [PMID: 39021009 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.064905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Circles of a single size can pack together densely in a hexagonal lattice, but adding in size variety disrupts the order of those packings. We conduct simulations which generate dense random packings of circles with specified size distributions and measure the area fraction in each case. While the size distributions can be arbitrary, we find that for a wide range of size distributions the random close-packing area fraction ϕ_{rcp} under this general protocol is determined to high accuracy by the polydispersity and skewness of the size distribution. At low skewness, all packings tend to a minimum packing fraction ϕ_{0}≈0.840 independent of polydispersity. In the limit of high skewness, ϕ_{rcp} becomes independent of skewness, asymptoting to a polydispersity-dependent limit. We show how these results can be predicted from the behavior of bidisperse or bi-Gaussian circle size distributions.
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2
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Shen Z, Carrillo JMY, Sumpter BG, Wang Y. Mesoscopic two-point collective dynamics of glass-forming liquids. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:114501. [PMID: 37712790 DOI: 10.1063/5.0161866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The collective density-density and hydrostatic pressure-pressure correlations of glass-forming liquids are spatiotemporally mapped out using molecular dynamics simulations. It is shown that the sharp rise of structural relaxation time below the Arrhenius temperature coincides with the emergence of slow, nonhydrodynamic collective dynamics on mesoscopic scales. The observed long-range, nonhydrodynamic mode is independent of wave numbers and closely coupled to the local structural dynamics. Below the Arrhenius temperature, it dominates the slow collective dynamics on length scales immediately beyond the first structural peak in contrast to the well-known behavior at high temperatures. These results highlight a key connection between the qualitative change in mesoscopic two-point collective dynamics and the dynamic crossover phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Shen
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Jan-Michael Y Carrillo
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Bobby G Sumpter
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
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3
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Zhang F, Yu H, Wang H, Zhang Z. Comparative study of the dynamics of colloidal glass and gel. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2888843. [PMID: 37144714 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate and compare the difference in the dynamics of two arrested states: colloidal glass and colloidal gel. Real-space experiments reveal two distinct nonergodicity origins for their slow dynamics, namely, cage effects for the glass and attractive bondings for the gel. Such distinct origins lead to a faster decay of the correlation function and a smaller nonergodicity parameter of the glass than those of the gel. We also find that the gel exhibits stronger dynamical heterogeneity compared with the glass due to the greater correlated motions in the gel. Moreover, a logarithmic decay in the correlation function is observed as the two nonergodicity origins merge, consistent with the mode coupling theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukai Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- The High School Affiliated to Southwest University, Chongqing 400700, China
| | - Huaguang Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Zexin Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, School of Physical Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
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4
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Li YW, Yao Y, Ciamarra MP. Local Plastic Response and Slow Heterogeneous Dynamics of Supercooled Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:258001. [PMID: 35802437 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.258001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate, via numerical simulations, that the relaxation dynamics of supercooled liquids correlates well with a plastic length scale measuring a particle's response to impulsive localized perturbations and weakly to measures of local elasticity. We find that the particle averaged plastic length scale vanishes linearly in temperature and controls the super-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the relaxation time. Furthermore, we show that the plastic length scale of individual particles correlates with their typical displacement at the relaxation time. In contrast, the local elastic response only correlates with the dynamics on the vibrational timescale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yugui Yao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Massimo Pica Ciamarra
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore, CNR-SPIN, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Università di Napoli Federico II, I-80126, Napoli, Italy and CNRS@CREATE LTD, 1 Create Way, No. 08-01 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602, Singapore
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5
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Annamareddy A, Li Y, Yu L, Voyles PM, Morgan D. Factors correlating to enhanced surface diffusion in metallic glasses. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:104502. [PMID: 33722035 DOI: 10.1063/5.0039078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The enhancement of surface diffusion (DS) over the bulk (DV) in metallic glasses (MGs) is well documented and likely to strongly influence the properties of glasses grown by vapor deposition. Here, we use classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify different factors influencing the enhancement of surface diffusion in MGs. MGs have a simple atomic structure and belong to the category of moderately fragile glasses that undergo pronounced slowdown of bulk dynamics with cooling close to the glass transition temperature (Tg). We observe that DS exhibits a much more moderate slowdown compared to DV when approaching Tg, and DS/DV at Tg varies by two orders of magnitude among the MGs investigated. We demonstrate that both the surface energy and the fraction of missing bonds for surface atoms show good correlation to DS/DV, implying that the loss of nearest neighbors at the surface directly translates into higher mobility, unlike the behavior of network-bonded and hydrogen-bonded organic glasses. Fragility, a measure of the slowdown of bulk dynamics close to Tg, also correlates to DS/DV, with more fragile systems having larger surface enhancement of mobility. The deviations observed in the fragility-DS/DV relationship are shown to be correlated to the extent of segregation or depletion of the mobile element at the surface. Finally, we explore the relationship between the diffusion pre-exponential factor (D0) and the activation energy (Q) and compare it to a ln(D0)-Q correlation previously established for bulk glasses, demonstrating similar correlations from MD as in the experiments and that the surface and bulk have very similar ln(D0)-Q correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Annamareddy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Yuhui Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Lian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Paul M Voyles
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Dane Morgan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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6
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Shi L, Ying Z, Xu A, Cheng Y. Anomalous proton conduction behavior across a nanoporous two-dimensional conjugated aromatic polymer membrane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2978-2985. [PMID: 31957775 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06372b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigate aqueous proton penetration behavior across a newly synthesized nanoporous two-dimensional conjugated aromatic polymer (2D-CAP) membrane using extensive ReaxFF reactive molecular dynamics simulations. We found that the proton penetration energy barrier across 2D-CAP is twice as high as that of graphtetrayne, even though 2D-CAP exhibits a larger pore size. Detailed analysis indicates that the anomalous high proton conduction energy barrier of 2D-CAP originates from its unique atomic nanopore structure. The hydrogen atoms at the periphery of the 2D-CAP nanopores can form a stable local hydrogen bond network with water molecules inside or surrounding the nanopores. The mobility of water molecules involved in this local hydrogen bond network will be significantly lowered, and the proton transportation process across the nanopores will thus be impeded. Our results show that the proton penetration behavior across nanoporous 2D materials is influenced not only by the pore size, but also by the decorated atoms or functional groups at the pore edges. Hydrogen atoms at the periphery of nanopores with certain geometry can form a stable local hydrogen bond network with neighboring water molecules, further hampering the proton conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Shi
- State key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhixuan Ying
- State key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ao Xu
- School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Yonghong Cheng
- State key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center of Nanomaterials for Renewable Energy, School of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
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7
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Cobeña-Reyes J, Kalia RK, Sahimi M. Complex Behavior of Ordered and Icelike Water in Carbon Nanotubes near Its Bulk Boiling Point. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:4746-4752. [PMID: 30073835 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We report the results of extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation of water in a carbon nanotube (CNT) with a specific diameter over a wide range of temperatures from 343 to 423 K. In order to characterize the nature of water, we have computed the Kirkwood g-factor, the ten Wolde parameter, the radial distribution, the cage correlation, the intermediate scattering functions, the mean-square displacements of the water molecules, and the connectivity of the oxygen atoms. The computed properties provide evidence for complex behavior. Some of the properties indicate an icelike structure, while others point to ordered (but not necessarily frozen) water. The connectivity is close to 9. The ordered water exists both below and above its bulk boiling point. The order is identified based on the ten Wolde parameter and may explain, along with the dynamic slow down, the recent discovery of "ice" in CNTs near the bulk boiling point in a certain range of CNT diameters, not seen in tubes of other sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Cobeña-Reyes
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-1211 , United States
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-1211 , United States
| | - Muhammad Sahimi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science , University of Southern California , Los Angeles , California 90089-1211 , United States
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8
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Parmar ADS, Sengupta S, Sastry S. Power law relationship between diffusion coefficients in multi-component glass forming liquids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2018; 41:90. [PMID: 30078172 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The slow down of dynamics in glass forming liquids as the glass transition is approached has been characterised through the Adam-Gibbs relation, which relates relaxation time scales to the configurational entropy. The Adam-Gibbs relation cannot apply simultaneously to all relaxation times scales unless they are coupled, and exhibit closely related temperature dependences. The breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein relation presents an interesting situation to the contrary, and in analysing it, it has recently been shown that the Adam-Gibbs relation applies to diffusion coefficients rather than to viscosity or structural relaxation times related to the decay of density fluctuations. However, for multi-component liquids --the typical cases considered in computer simulations, metallic glass formers, etc.-- such a statement raises the question of which diffusion coefficient is described by the Adam-Gibbs relation. All diffusion coefficients can be consistently described by the Adam-Gibbs relation if they bear a power law relationship with each other. Remarkably, we find that for a wide range of glass formers, and for a wide range of temperatures spanning the normal and the slow relaxation regimes, such a relationship holds. We briefly discuss possible rationalisations of the observed behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshul D S Parmar
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, 560064, Bengaluru, India
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 500107, Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy District, India
| | - Shiladitya Sengupta
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Komaba 4-6-1, 153-8505, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Srikanth Sastry
- Theoretical Sciences Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur Campus, 560064, Bengaluru, India.
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9
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Montero de Hijes P, Rosales-Pelaez P, Valeriani C, Pusey PN, Sanz E. Brownian versus Newtonian devitrification of hard-sphere glasses. Phys Rev E 2017; 96:020602. [PMID: 28950637 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.96.020602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In a recent molecular dynamics simulation work it has been shown that glasses composed of hard spheres crystallize via cooperative, stochastic particle displacements called avalanches [E. Sanz et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 111, 75 (2014)PNASA60027-842410.1073/pnas.1308338110]. In this Rapid Communication we investigate if such a devitrification mechanism is also present when the dynamics is Brownian rather than Newtonian. The research is motivated in part by the fact that colloidal suspensions, an experimental realization of hard-sphere systems, undergo Brownian motion. We find that Brownian hard-sphere glasses do crystallize via avalanches with very similar characteristics to those found in the Newtonian case. We briefly discuss the implications of these findings for experiments on colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Montero de Hijes
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Rosales-Pelaez
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Chantal Valeriani
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I, Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Peter N Pusey
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom
| | - Eduardo Sanz
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica I, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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10
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Kooij S, Lerner E. Unjamming in models with analytic pairwise potentials. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:062141. [PMID: 28709333 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.062141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Canonical models for studying the unjamming scenario in systems of soft repulsive particles assume pairwise potentials with a sharp cutoff in the interaction range. The sharp cutoff renders the potential nonanalytic but makes it possible to describe many properties of the solid in terms of the coordination number z, which has an unambiguous definition in these cases. Pairwise potentials without a sharp cutoff in the interaction range have not been studied in this context, but should in fact be considered to understand the relevance of the unjamming phenomenology in systems where such a cutoff is not present. In this work we explore two systems with such interactions: an inverse power law and an exponentially decaying pairwise potential, with the control parameters being the exponent (of the inverse power law) for the former and the number density for the latter. Both systems are shown to exhibit the characteristic features of the unjamming transition, among which are the vanishing of the shear-to-bulk modulus ratio and the emergence of an excess of low-frequency vibrational modes. We establish a relation between the pressure-to-bulk modulus ratio and the distance to unjamming in each of our model systems. This allows us to predict the dependence of other key observables on the distance to unjamming. Our results provide the means for a quantitative estimation of the proximity of generic glass-forming models to the unjamming transition in the absence of a clear-cut definition of the coordination number and highlight the general irrelevance of nonaffine contributions to the bulk modulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kooij
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Edan Lerner
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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11
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Zhang G, Stillinger FH, Torquato S. The Perfect Glass Paradigm: Disordered Hyperuniform Glasses Down to Absolute Zero. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36963. [PMID: 27892452 PMCID: PMC5125002 DOI: 10.1038/srep36963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid cooling of liquids below a certain temperature range can result in a transition to glassy states. The traditional understanding of glasses includes their thermodynamic metastability with respect to crystals. However, here we present specific examples of interactions that eliminate the possibilities of crystalline and quasicrystalline phases, while creating mechanically stable amorphous glasses down to absolute zero temperature. We show that this can be accomplished by introducing a new ideal state of matter called a "perfect glass". A perfect glass represents a soft-interaction analog of the maximally random jammed (MRJ) packings of hard particles. These latter states can be regarded as the epitome of a glass since they are out of equilibrium, maximally disordered, hyperuniform, mechanically rigid with infinite bulk and shear moduli, and can never crystallize due to configuration-space trapping. Our model perfect glass utilizes two-, three-, and four-body soft interactions while simultaneously retaining the salient attributes of the MRJ state. These models constitute a theoretical proof of concept for perfect glasses and broaden our fundamental understanding of glass physics. A novel feature of equilibrium systems of identical particles interacting with the perfect-glass potential at positive temperature is that they have a non-relativistic speed of sound that is infinite.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
| | - F. H. Stillinger
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
| | - S. Torquato
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Physics, Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, and Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, 08540, USA
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12
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Gratale MD, Ma X, Davidson ZS, Still T, Habdas P, Yodh AG. Vibrational properties of quasi-two-dimensional colloidal glasses with varying interparticle attraction. Phys Rev E 2016; 94:042606. [PMID: 27841543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.94.042606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We measure the vibrational modes and particle dynamics of quasi-two-dimensional colloidal glasses as a function of interparticle interaction strength. The interparticle attractions are controlled via a temperature-tunable depletion interaction. Specifically, the interparticle attraction energy is increased gradually from a very small value (nearly hard-sphere) to moderate strength (∼4k_{B}T), and the variation of colloidal particle dynamics and vibrations are concurrently probed. The particle dynamics slow monotonically with increasing attraction strength, and the particle motions saturate for strengths greater than ∼2k_{B}T, i.e., as the system evolves from a nearly repulsive glass to an attractive glass. The shape of the phonon density of states is revealed to change with increasing attraction strength, and the number of low-frequency modes exhibits a crossover for glasses with weak compared to strong interparticle attraction at a threshold of ∼2k_{B}T. This variation in the properties of the low-frequency vibrational modes suggests a new means for distinguishing between repulsive and attractive glass states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew D Gratale
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Ma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter, CNRS-Solvay-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007-3624, USA
| | - Zoey S Davidson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tim Still
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Piotr Habdas
- Department of Physics, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19131, USA
| | - A G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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13
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Khademi M, Sahimi M. Static and dynamic properties of supercooled water in small nanotubes. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:024502. [PMID: 27421415 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Khademi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
| | - Muhammad Sahimi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
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14
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Du X, Weeks ER. Energy barriers, entropy barriers, and non-Arrhenius behavior in a minimal glassy model. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:062613. [PMID: 27415326 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.062613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We study glassy dynamics using a simulation of three soft Brownian particles confined to a two-dimensional circular region. If the circular region is large, the disks freely rearrange, but rearrangements are rarer for smaller system sizes. We directly measure a one-dimensional free-energy landscape characterizing the dynamics. This landscape has two local minima corresponding to the two distinct disk configurations, separated by a free-energy barrier that governs the rearrangement rate. We study several different interaction potentials and demonstrate that the free-energy barrier is composed of a potential-energy barrier and an entropic barrier. The heights of both of these barriers depend on temperature and system size, demonstrating how non-Arrhenius behavior can arise close to the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Du
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Eric R Weeks
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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15
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Van Hoang V, Teboul V, Odagaki T. New Scenario of Dynamical Heterogeneity in Supercooled Liquid and Glassy States of 2D Monatomic System. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:15752-7. [PMID: 26630541 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b08912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Hoang
- Computational Physics Lab,
Institute of Technology, Vietnam National University - HCM City, Vietnam
| | - Victor Teboul
- Department of Physics, Angers University, Angers, France
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16
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Khademi M, Kalia RK, Sahimi M. Dynamics of supercooled water in nanotubes: cage correlation function and diffusion coefficient. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2015; 92:030301. [PMID: 26465407 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.92.030301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamics of low-temperature water in nanostructured materials is important to a variety of phenomena, ranging from transport in cement and asphaltene, to conformational dynamics of proteins in "crowded" cellular environments, survival of microorganisms at very low temperatures, and diffusion in nanogeoscience. Using silicon-carbide nanotubes as a prototype of nanostructured materials, extensive molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the cage correlation function C(t) and self-diffusivity D of supercooled water in the nanotubes. C(t), which measures changes in the atomic surroundings inside the nanotube, follows the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts law, C(t)∼exp[-(t/τ)^{β}], where τ is a relaxation time and β is a topological exponent. For the temperature range 220K<T≤273 K, we find β≃0.438, in excellent agreement with and confirming the prediction by Phillips [Rep. Prog. Phys. 59, 1133 (1996)]RPPHAG0034-488510.1088/0034-4885/59/9/003, β=3/7. The self-diffusivity manifests a transition around 230 K, very close to 228 K, the temperature at which a fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover is supposed to happen. Thus the results indicate that water does not freeze in the nanotube over the studied temperature range, and that the Stokes-Einstein relation breaks down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Khademi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
| | - Rajiv K Kalia
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
| | - Muhammad Sahimi
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1211, USA
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17
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Schwenke K, Del Gado E. Soft repulsive interactions, particle rearrangements and size selection in the self-assembly of nanoparticles at liquid interfaces. Faraday Discuss 2015; 181:261-80. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00001g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the adsorption of nanoparticles at liquid interfaces, soft and short ranged repulsive effective interactions between the nanoparticles at the interface may eventually induce crowding, slow dynamics and jamming at high surface coverage. These phenomena can interfere during the adsorption process, significantly slowing down its kinetics. Here, by means of numerical simulations, we find that modifying the effective interactions, which can be achieved for example by grafting differently functionalized polymer shells on the bare nanoparticles, may qualitatively change such interplay. In particular our results suggest that, in the presence of ultrasoft particle interactions such as the ones described by a Gaussian Core Model potential, a small size polydispersity can be sufficient to decouple the adsorption kinetics from the slow dynamics that develops at the interface, due to a qualitative change from an irreversible adsorption controlled by particle rearrangements at the interface to one dominated by size selection mechanisms. These findings may be useful to achieve higher surface coverages and faster adsorption kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Schwenke
- Department of Civil
- Environmental and Geomatic Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Emanuela Del Gado
- Department of Civil
- Environmental and Geomatic Engineering
- ETH Zurich
- Switzerland
- Department of Physics and Institute for Soft Matter Synthesis and Metrology
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18
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Haji-Akbari A, Debenedetti PG. The effect of substrate on thermodynamic and kinetic anisotropies in atomic thin films. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:024506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4885365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Haji-Akbari
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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19
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Sengupta S, Karmakar S. Distribution of diffusion constants and Stokes-Einstein violation in supercooled liquids. J Chem Phys 2014; 140:224505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4882066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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20
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Kawasaki T, Tanaka H. Structural evolution in the aging process of supercooled colloidal liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:062315. [PMID: 25019784 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.062315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
When a liquid is rapidly quenched to a temperature below the glass-transition point, it is driven out of equilibrium; it then slowly relaxes to a (quasi)equilibrium state. This slow relaxation process is called aging. By definition, any glasses are inevitably in the process of aging and actually slowly evolving with time. Thus the study of aging phenomena is of fundamental importance for understanding not only the nonequilibrium nature of the glass transition, but also the stability of glassy materials. Here we consider aging after a rather shallow quench, for which a system is still able to reach (metastable) equilibrium. By using polydisperse colloidal liquids as a model, we show the validity of dynamical scaling that there is only one relevant length scale not only for a quasiequilibrium supercooled state but also for a nonequilibrium process of aging, which is reminiscent of dynamical critical phenomena. Our finding indicates that the aging toward (metastable) equilibrium may be regarded as the growth process of critical-like fluctuations of static order associated with low-free-energy configurations, further suggesting that this ordering is the origin of cooperative slow dynamics in the systems studied. The generality of this statement for other glass-forming systems remains for a future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Kawasaki
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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21
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Yunker PJ, Chen K, Gratale MD, Lohr MA, Still T, Yodh AG. Physics in ordered and disordered colloidal matter composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) microgel particles. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2014; 77:056601. [PMID: 24801604 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/77/5/056601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This review collects and describes experiments that employ colloidal suspensions to probe physics in ordered and disordered solids and related complex fluids. The unifying feature of this body of work is its clever usage of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel particles. These temperature-sensitive colloidal particles provide experimenters with a 'knob' for in situ control of particle size, particle interaction and particle packing fraction that, in turn, influence the structural and dynamical behavior of the complex fluids and solids. A brief summary of PNIPAM particle synthesis and properties is given, followed by a synopsis of current activity in the field. The latter discussion describes a variety of soft matter investigations including those that explore formation and melting of crystals and clusters, and those that probe structure, rearrangement and rheology of disordered (jammed/glassy) and partially ordered matter. The review, therefore, provides a snapshot of a broad range of physics phenomenology which benefits from the unique properties of responsive microgel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Yunker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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22
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Mosayebi M, Ilg P, Widmer-Cooper A, Del Gado E. Soft modes and nonaffine rearrangements in the inherent structures of supercooled liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:105503. [PMID: 24679306 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.105503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We find that the hierarchical organization of the potential energy landscape in a model supercooled liquid can be related to a change in the spatial distribution of soft normal modes. For groups of nearby minima, between which fast relaxation processes typically occur, the localization of the soft modes is very similar. The spatial distribution of soft regions changes, instead, for minima between which transitions relevant to structural relaxation occur. This may be the reason why the soft modes are able to predict spatial heterogeneities in the dynamics. Nevertheless, the very softest modes are only weakly correlated with dynamical heterogeneities and instead show higher statistical overlap with regions in the local minima that would undergo nonaffine rearrangements if subjected to a shear deformation. This feature of the supercooled liquid is reminiscent of the behavior of nonaffine deformations in amorphous solids, where the very softest modes identify the loci of plastic instabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Mosayebi
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Ilg
- ETH Zürich, Department of Materials, Polymer Physics, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Emanuela Del Gado
- ETH Zürich, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Ott T, Löwen H, Bonitz M. Dynamics of two-dimensional one-component and binary Yukawa systems in a magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2014; 89:013105. [PMID: 24580344 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.89.013105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We consider two-dimensional Yukawa systems in a perpendicular magnetic field. Computer simulations of both one-component and binary systems are used to explore the equilibrium particle dynamics in the fluid state. The mobility is found to scale with the inverse of the magnetic field strength (Bohm diffusion), for strong fields (ωc/ωp≳1). For bidisperse mixtures, the magnetic field dependence of the long-time mobility depends on the particle species, providing an external control of their mobility ratio. At large magnetic fields, the highly charged particles are almost immobilized by the magnetic field and form a porous matrix of obstacles for the mobile low-charge particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ott
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany and Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - H Löwen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik II: Weiche Materie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - M Bonitz
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 15, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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24
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Pahari S, Roy S. Evidence and characterization of dynamic heterogeneity in binary mixtures of phosphoric acid and benzimidazole. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:154701. [PMID: 24160527 DOI: 10.1063/1.4824767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here anomalous diffusions of components in mixtures of monomer of polybenzimidazole, i.e., 2-phenyl-1H,1'H-5,5'-bibenzo[d]imidazole (BI) and phosphoric acid (PA) from molecular dynamics simulations. We have observed initial drop and further increase in self-diffusion constant for both monomer molecule (BI) and PA with gradual increase in PA concentration. The origin of such anomalous diffusion is identified in this work, which happens to be the presence of dynamic heterogeneity in each component of the binary mixture. We characterized microscopic picture of dynamical heterogeneity by finding correlation between dynamical heterogeneity and structural arrangement among the components of the binary system. Different types of H-bonding arrangements in the BI-PA systems at different concentration of PA are observed. The stability of the H-bonded network consisting of different types of H-bonds between BI and PA in the system has been studied by calculating the lifetime of various H-bonds. The results indicate that there are fast and slow moving PA molecules in the mixtures because of coexistence of different types of hydrogen bonds among the components of the mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swagata Pahari
- Physical Chemistry Division, National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, India
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25
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Priezjev NV. Heterogeneous relaxation dynamics in amorphous materials under cyclic loading. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2013; 87:052302. [PMID: 23767535 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.052302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate heterogeneous dynamics in amorphous glassy materials under oscillatory shear strain. We consider three-dimensional binary Lennard-Jones mixture well below the glass transition temperature. The structural relaxation and dynamical heterogeneity are quantified by means of the self-overlap order parameter and the dynamic susceptibility. We found that at sufficiently small strain amplitudes, the mean square displacement exhibits a broad subdiffusive plateau and the system undergoes nearly reversible deformation over about 10(4) cycles. Upon increasing strain amplitude, the transition to the diffusive regime occurs at shorter time intervals and the relaxation process involves intermittent bursts of large particle displacements. The detailed analysis of particle hopping dynamics and the dynamic susceptibility indicates that mobile particles aggregate into clusters whose sizes increase at larger strain amplitudes. Finally, the correlation between particle mobilities in consecutive time intervals demonstrates that dynamic facilitation becomes increasingly pronounced at larger strain amplitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai V Priezjev
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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26
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27
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Kim K, Saito S. Multiple length and time scales of dynamic heterogeneities in model glass-forming liquids: A systematic analysis of multi-point and multi-time correlations. J Chem Phys 2013; 138:12A506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4769256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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28
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Shiba H, Kawasaki T, Onuki A. Relationship between bond-breakage correlations and four-point correlations in heterogeneous glassy dynamics: configuration changes and vibration modes. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:041504. [PMID: 23214588 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.041504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the dynamic heterogeneities of glassy particle systems in the theoretical schemes of bond breakage and four-point correlation functions. In the bond-breakage scheme, we introduce the structure factor S(b)(q,t) and the susceptibility χ(b)(t) to detect the spatial correlations of configuration changes. Here χ(b)(t) attains a maximum at t=t(b)(max) as a function of time t, where the fraction of the particles with broken bonds φ(b)(t) is about 1/2. In the four-point scheme, treating the structure factor S(4)(q,t) and the susceptibility χ(4)(t), we detect superpositions of the heterogeneity of bond breakage and that of thermal low-frequency vibration modes. While the former grows slowly, the latter emerges quickly to exhibit complex space-time behavior. In two dimensions, the vibration modes extending over the system yield significant contributions to the four-point correlations, which depend on the system size logarithmically. A maximum of χ(4)(t) is attained at t=t(4)(max), where these two contributions become of the same order. As a result, t(4)(max) is considerably shorter than t(b)(max).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Shiba
- Institute for Solid State Physics, University of Tokyo, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
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29
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Shen T, Schreck C, Chakraborty B, Freed DE, O'Hern CS. Structural relaxation in dense liquids composed of anisotropic particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:041303. [PMID: 23214576 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.041303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We perform extensive molecular dynamics simulations of dense liquids composed of bidisperse dimer- and ellipse-shaped particles in two dimensions that interact via purely repulsive contact forces. We measure the structural relaxation times obtained from the long-time α decay of the self part of the intermediate scattering function for the translational and rotational degrees of freedom (DOF) as a function of packing fraction φ, temperature T, and aspect ratio α. We are able to collapse the packing-fraction and temperature-dependent structural relaxation times for disks, and dimers and ellipses over a wide range of α, onto a universal scaling function F(±)(|φ-φ(0)|,T,α), which is similar to that employed in previous studies of dense liquids composed of purely repulsive spherical particles in three dimensions. F(±) for both the translational and rotational DOF are characterized by the α-dependent scaling exponents μ and δ and packing fraction φ(0)(α) that signals the crossover in the scaling form F(±) from hard-particle dynamics to super-Arrhenius behavior for each aspect ratio. We find that the fragility of structural relaxation at φ(0), m(φ(0)), decreases monotonically with increasing aspect ratio for both ellipses and dimers. For α>α(p), where α(p) is the location of the peak in the packing fraction φ(J) at jamming onset, the rotational DOF are strongly coupled to the translational DOF, and the dynamic scaling exponents and φ(0) are similar for the rotational and translational DOF. For 1<α<α(p), the translational DOF become frozen at higher temperatures than the rotational DOF, and φ(0) for the rotational degrees of freedom increases above φ(J). Moreover, the results for the slow dynamics of dense liquids composed of dimer- and ellipse-shaped particles are qualitatively the same, despite the fact that zero-temperature static packings of dimers are isostatic, while static packings of ellipses are hypostatic. Thus, zero-temperature contact counting arguments do not apply to structural relaxation of dense liquids of anisotropic particles near the glass transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianqi Shen
- Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8120, USA
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30
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Tanaka H. Bond orientational order in liquids: Towards a unified description of water-like anomalies, liquid-liquid transition, glass transition, and crystallization: Bond orientational order in liquids. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2012; 35:113. [PMID: 23104614 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2012-12113-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
There are at least three fundamental states of matter, depending upon temperature and pressure: gas, liquid, and solid (crystal). These states are separated by first-order phase transitions between them. In both gas and liquid phases a complete translational and rotational symmetry exist, whereas in a solid phase both symmetries are broken. In intermediate phases between liquid and solid, which include liquid crystal and plastic crystal phases, only one of the two symmetries is preserved. Among the fundamental states of matter, the liquid state is the most poorly understood. We argue that it is crucial for a better understanding of liquids to recognize that a liquid generally has the tendency to have a local structural order and its presence is intrinsic and universal to any liquid. Such structural ordering is a consequence of many-body correlations, more specifically, bond angle correlations, which we believe are crucial for the description of the liquid state. We show that this physical picture may naturally explain difficult unsolved problems associated with the liquid state, such as anomalies of water-type liquids (water, Si, Ge, ...), liquid-liquid transition, liquid-glass transition, crystallization and quasicrystal formation, in a unified manner. In other words, we need a new order parameter representing a low local free-energy configuration, which is a bond orientational order parameter in many cases, in addition to a density order parameter for the physical description of these phenomena. Here we review our two-order-parameter model of liquid and consider how transient local structural ordering is linked to all of the above-mentioned phenomena. The relationship between these phenomena is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Tanaka
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, 153-8505, Tokyo, Japan.
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31
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Mizuno H, Yamamoto R. Dynamical heterogeneity in a highly supercooled liquid under a sheared situation. J Chem Phys 2012; 136:084505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3688227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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32
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Zhang Z, Yunker PJ, Habdas P, Yodh AG. Cooperative rearrangement regions and dynamical heterogeneities in colloidal glasses with attractive versus repulsive interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:208303. [PMID: 22181781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.208303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Water-lutidine mixtures permit the interparticle potentials of colloidal particles suspended therein to be tuned, in situ, from repulsive to attractive. We employ these systems to directly elucidate the effects of interparticle potential on glass dynamics in experimental samples composed of the same particles at the same packing fractions. Cooperative rearrangement regions (CRRs) and heterogeneous dynamics are observed in both types of glasses. Compared to repulsive glasses, the attractive glass dynamics are found to be heterogeneous over a wider range of time and length scales, and its CRRs involve more particles. Additionally, the CRRs are observed to be stringlike structures in repulsive glasses and compact structures in attractive glasses. Thus, the experiments demonstrate explicitly that glassy dynamics can depend on the sign of the interparticle interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexin Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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33
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Mizuno H, Yamamoto R. Dynamical heterogeneity in a highly supercooled liquid: consistent calculations of correlation length, intensity, and lifetime. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2011; 84:011506. [PMID: 21867177 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.84.011506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2010] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated dynamical heterogeneity in a highly supercooled liquid using molecular-dynamics simulations in three dimensions. Dynamical heterogeneity can be characterized by three quantities: correlation length ξ(4), intensity χ(4), and lifetime τ(hetero). We evaluated all three quantities consistently from a single order parameter. In a previous study [H. Mizuno and R. Yamamoto, Phys. Rev. E 82, 030501(R) (2010)], we examined the lifetime τ(hetero)(t) in two time intervals t = τ(α) and τ(ngp), where τ(α) is the α-relaxation time and τ(ngp) is the time at which the non-Gaussian parameter of the Van Hove self-correlation function is maximized. In the present study, in addition to the lifetime τ(hetero)(t), we evaluated the correlation length ξ(4)(t) and the intensity χ({4)(t) from the same order parameter used for the lifetime τ(hetero)(t). We found that as the temperature decreases, the lifetime τ(hetero)(t) grows dramatically, whereas the correlation length ξ(4)(t) and the intensity χ(4)(t) increase slowly compared to τ(hetero)(t) or plateaus. Furthermore, we investigated the lifetime τ(hetero)(t) in more detail. We examined the time-interval dependence of the lifetime τ(hetero)(t) and found that as the time interval t increases, τ(hetero)(t) monotonically becomes longer and plateaus at the relaxation time of the two-point density correlation function. At the large time intervals for which τ(hetero)(t) plateaus, the heterogeneous dynamics migrate in space with a diffusion mechanism, such as the particle density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mizuno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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34
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Chattoraj J, Caroli C, Lemaître A. Universal additive effect of temperature on the rheology of amorphous solids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2010; 105:266001. [PMID: 21231683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.266001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Extensive measurements of macroscopic stress in a 2D Lennard-Jones glass, over a broad range of temperatures (T) and strain rates (γ), demonstrate a very significant decrease of the flowing stress with T, even much below the glass transition. A detailed analysis of the interplay between loading, thermal activation, and mechanical noise leads us to propose that over a broad (γ, T) region, the effect of temperature amounts to a mere lowering of the strains at which plastic events occur, while the athermal avalanche dynamics remains essentially unperturbed. Up to the vicinity of the glass transition, temperature is then shown to correct the athermal stress by a (negative) additive contribution which presents a universal form, thus bringing support to and extending an expression proposed by Johnson and Samwer [Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 195501 (2005)].
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyjit Chattoraj
- Université Paris Est-Laboratoire Navier, ENPC-Paris, LCPC, CNRS UMR 8205, Champs-sur-Marne, France
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35
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Mizuno H, Yamamoto R. Lifetime of dynamical heterogeneity in a highly supercooled liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:030501. [PMID: 21230016 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.030501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We numerically examine dynamical heterogeneity in a highly supercooled three-dimensional liquid via molecular-dynamics simulations. To define the local dynamics, we consider two time intervals: τ(α) and τ(ngp). τ(α) is the α relaxation time, and τ(ngp) is the time at which non-gaussian parameter of the Van Hove self-correlation function is maximized. We determine the lifetimes of the heterogeneous dynamics in these two different time intervals, τ(hetero)(τ(α)) and τ(hetero)(τ(ngp)), by calculating the time correlation function of the particle dynamics, i.e., the four-point correlation function. We find that the difference between τ(hetero)(τ(α)) and τ(hetero)(τ(ngp)) increases with decreasing temperature. At low temperatures, τ(hetero)(τ(α)) is considerably larger than τ(α), while τ(hetero)(τ(ngp)) remains comparable to τ(α). Thus, the lifetime of the heterogeneous dynamics depends strongly on the time interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideyuki Mizuno
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.
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36
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Kim K, Saito S. Multi-time density correlation functions in glass-forming liquids: Probing dynamical heterogeneity and its lifetime. J Chem Phys 2010; 133:044511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3464331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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37
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Kurita R, Weeks ER. Experimental study of random-close-packed colloidal particles. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 82:011403. [PMID: 20866616 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.82.011403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A collection of spherical particles can be packed tightly together into an amorphous packing known as "random close packing" (RCP). This structure is of interest as a model for the arrangement of molecules in simple liquids and glasses, as well as the arrangement of particles in sand piles. We use confocal microscopy to study the arrangement of colloidal particles in an experimentally realized RCP state. We image a large volume containing more than 450,000 particles with a resolution of each particle position to better than 0.02 particle diameters. While the arrangement of the particles satisfies multiple criteria for being random, we also observe a small fraction (less than 3%) of tiny crystallites (4 particles or fewer). These regions pack slightly better and are thus associated with locally higher densities. The structure factor of our sample at long length scales is nonzero, S(0)=0.049±0.008, suggesting that there are long wavelength density fluctuations in our sample. These may be due to polydispersity or tiny crystallites. Our results suggest that experimentally realizable RCP systems may be different from simulated RCP systems, in particular, with the presence of these long wavelength density fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Kurita
- Department of Physics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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38
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Vargheese KD, Tandia A, Mauro JC. Origin of dynamical heterogeneities in calcium aluminosilicate liquids. J Chem Phys 2010; 132:194501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3429880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- David Chandler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
| | - Juan P. Garrahan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom;
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40
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Busch S, Smuda C, Pardo LC, Unruh T. Molecular Mechanism of Long-Range Diffusion in Phospholipid Membranes Studied by Quasielastic Neutron Scattering. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:3232-3. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907581s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Busch
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, and Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Smuda
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, and Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Carlos Pardo
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, and Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tobias Unruh
- Forschungsneutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRM II), Technische Universität München, Garching bei München, Germany, Center for Radiopharmaceutical Science, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, and Grup de Caracterització de Materials, Departament de Física i Enginyeria Nuclear, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Stanley HE, Kumar P, Han S, Mazza MG, Stokely K, Buldyrev SV, Franzese G, Mallamace F, Xu L. Heterogeneities in confined water and protein hydration water. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2009; 21:504105. [PMID: 21836216 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/50/504105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report recent efforts to understand a broad range of experiments on confined water and protein hydration water, many initiated by a collaboration between workers at the University of Messina and MIT-the editors of this special issue. Preliminary calculations are not inconsistent with one tentative interpretation of these experiments as resulting from the system passing from the high-temperature high-pressure 'HDL' side of the Widom line (where the liquid might display non-Arrhenius behavior) to the low-temperature low-pressure 'LDL' side of the Widom line (where the liquid might display Arrhenius behavior). The Widom line-defined to be the line in the pressure-temperature plane where the correlation length has its maximum-arises if there is a critical point. Hence, interpreting the Messina-MIT experiments in terms of a Widom line is of potential relevance to testing, experimentally, the hypothesis that water displays a liquid-liquid critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- H E Stanley
- Center for Polymer Studies and Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Widmer-Cooper A, Harrowell P. Central role of thermal collective strain in the relaxation of structure in a supercooled liquid. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 80:061501. [PMID: 20365173 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.80.061501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The spatial distribution of structural relaxation in a supercooled liquid is studied using molecular dynamics simulations of a two-dimensional binary mixture. It is shown that the spatial heterogeneity of the relaxation along with the time scale of the relaxation is determined, not by the frequency with which particles move a distance pi/2kBragg, but by the frequency with which particles can achieve persistent displacements. We show that these persistent displacements are achieved through the coupled action of local reorganizations and unrecoverable thermal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asaph Widmer-Cooper
- School of Chemistry, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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Abstract
Abstract
We report recent efforts to understand the new MIT-Messina experimental discovery of a dynamic crossover at low temperatures in confined water. Preliminary calculations are not inconsistent with one tentative interpretation of this dynamic crossover as resulting from the system passing from the high-temperature high-pressure "HDL" side of the Widom line (where the liquid might display fragile behavior) to the low-temperature low-pressure "LDL" side of the Widom line (where the liquid might display strong behavior). The Widom line - defined to be the line in the pressure-temperature plane where the correlation length has its maximum - arises only if there is a critical point. Hence interpreting the MIT experiments in terms of a Widom line is of potential relevance to testing experimentally, for confined water, the liquid-liquid critical point hypothesis.
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Scheidler P, Kob W, Binder K, Parisi G. Growing length scales in a supercooled liquid close to an interface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/13642810208221307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Scheidler
- a Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Staudinger Weg 7 , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - Walter Kob
- b Laboratoire des Verres , Université Montpellier II , F-34095 , Montpellier , France
| | - Kurt Binder
- a Institut für Physik, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Staudinger Weg 7 , D-55099 , Mainz , Germany
| | - Giorgio Parisi
- c Dipartimento di Fisica , Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Istituto Nazionale per la Fisica della Materia and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare , Piazza Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 , Roma , Italy
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Kim K, Saito S. Multiple time scales hidden in heterogeneous dynamics of glass-forming liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2009; 79:060501. [PMID: 19658463 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.79.060501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A multitime probing of density fluctuations is introduced to investigate hidden time scales of heterogeneous dynamics in glass-forming liquids. Molecular-dynamics simulations for simple glass-forming liquids are performed and a three-time correlation function is numerically calculated for general time intervals. It is demonstrated that the three-time correlation function is sensitive to the heterogeneous dynamics and that it reveals couplings of correlated motions over a wide range of time scales. Furthermore, the time scale of the heterogeneous dynamics tauhetero is determined by the change in the second time interval in the three-time correlation function. The present results show that the time scale of the heterogeneous dynamics tauhetero becomes larger than the alpha-relaxation time at low temperatures and large wavelengths. We also find a dynamical scaling relation between the time scale tauhetero and the length scale xi of dynamical heterogeneity as tauhetero approximately xiz with z=3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Kim
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
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46
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Thermal vestige of the zero-temperature jamming transition. Nature 2009; 459:230-3. [DOI: 10.1038/nature07998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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47
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Dynamics of Thermotropic Liquid Crystals Across the Isotropic-Nematic Transition and Their Similarity with Glassy Relaxation in Supercooled Liquids. ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/9780470431917.ch6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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48
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Widmer-Cooper A, Perry H, Harrowell P, Reichman DR. Localized soft modes and the supercooled liquid’s irreversible passage through its configuration space. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:194508. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3265983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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49
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Del Gado E, Ilg P, Kröger M, Ottinger HC. Nonaffine deformation of inherent structure as a static signature of cooperativity in supercooled liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:095501. [PMID: 18851620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.095501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2007] [Revised: 03/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We unveil the existence of nonaffinely rearranging regions in the inherent structures (IS) of supercooled liquids by numerical simulations of model glass formers subject to static shear deformations combined with local energy minimizations. In the liquid state IS, we find a broad distribution of large rearrangements which are correlated only over small distances. At low temperatures, the onset of the cooperative dynamics corresponds to much smaller displacements correlated over larger distances. This finding indicates the presence of nonaffinely rearranging domains of relevant size in the IS deformation, which can be seen as the static counterpart of the cooperatively rearranging regions in the dynamics. This idea provides new insight into possible structural signatures of slow cooperative dynamics of supercooled liquids and supports the connections with elastic heterogeneities found in amorphous solids.
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Ilyin V, Procaccia I, Regev I, Schupper N. Aging and relaxation in glass-forming systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2008; 77:061509. [PMID: 18643274 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.77.061509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We propose that there exists a generic class of glass-forming systems that have competing states (of crystalline order or not) which are locally close in energy to the ground state (which is typically unique). Upon cooling, such systems exhibit patches (or clusters) of these competing states which become locally stable in the sense of having a relatively high local shear modulus. It is in between these clusters where aging, relaxation, and plasticity under strain can take place. We demonstrate explicitly that relaxation events that lead to aging occur where the local shear modulus is low (even negative) and result in an increase in the size of local patches of relative order. We examine the aging events closely from two points of view. On the one hand we show that they are very localized in real space, taking place outside the patches of relative order, and from the other point of view we show that they represent transitions from one local minimum in the potential surface to another. This picture offers a direct relation between structure and dynamics, ascribing the slowing down in glass-forming systems to the reduction in relative volume of the amorphous material which is liquidlike. While we agree with the well-known Adam-Gibbs proposition that the slowing down is due to an entropic squeeze (a dramatic decrease in the number of available configurations), we do not agree with the Adam-Gibbs (or the Volger-Fulcher) formulas that predict an infinite relaxation time at a finite temperature. Rather, we propose that generically there should be no singular crisis at any finite temperature: the relaxation time and the associated correlation length (average cluster size) increase at most superexponentially when the temperature is lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valery Ilyin
- Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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