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Chen Q, Hu X, Guo H, Xie D. Insights into the Formation of Hydroxyl Radicals with Nonthermal Vibrational Excitation in the Meinel Airglow. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:1822-1828. [PMID: 33577325 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To understand night time airglow in the Meinel bands and heat conversion from the highly excited OH radicals in the upper atmosphere via the important atmospheric reaction H + O3 → OH + O2, we report here a quasi-classical trajectory study of the reaction dynamics on a recently developed full-dimensional potential energy surface (PES). Our results indicate that the reaction energy of this highly exoergic reaction is almost exclusively channeled into the vibration of the OH product, underscoring an extreme departure from the statistical limit. The calculated OH vibrational distribution is highly inverted and peaks near the highest accessible vibrational state, in excellent agreement with experimental observations, validating the accuracy of the PES. More importantly, the dynamical origin of the nonthermal excitation of the OH vibrational mode is identified by its large projection onto the reaction coordinate at a small potential barrier in the entrance channel, which controls the energy flow into various degrees of freedom in the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Institute for Brain Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emissions Control, Center of Modern Analysis, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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2
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Coffey BM, Nallan HC, Engstrom JR, Ekerdt JG. A Vacuum Ultraviolet-Enhanced Oxidation Mechanism for Pd: Near-Surface Oxidation for Atomic Layer Etching. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:50985-50995. [PMID: 33119248 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c13898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) is used to better understand the oxidation of Pd metal using vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light co-exposed with O2, which is known to produce O and O3. The oxidation of Pd metal arising from O, O2, and O3 is assessed on bare Pd, Pd with a 0.25 monolayer of adsorbed atomic O, and Pd with increasing O incorporation into the substrate. DFT calculations are complemented experimentally by co-exposing 20 nm Pd films to 1 Torr of O2 and VUV photons (6.5 < hν < 11.3 eV) from a D2 lamp at temperatures ranging from 50 to 200 °C and times from 30 s to 40 min. Oxidation of Pd is characterized using in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Co-exposures at 50 °C and 1 Torr O2 are performed with the Pd illuminated by the VUV light and shadowed from the VUV light in attempting to select for the oxidant that impinges on the Pd surface and causes oxidation. Results suggest that atomic O incident from the gas phase is responsible for oxidation of Pd, as no PdOx formation is observed for the same time period with the sample shadowed. Growth of PdOx via O diffusion is studied with the nudged elastic band method. Atomic O diffusion through Pd has an activation energy barrier of ∼2.87 eV with respect to a surface O. This decreases to ∼1.80 eV once the 0.25 monolayer of O occupies the surface. The extent of Pd oxidation is limited to the near-surface Pd region for all times and temperatures investigated. PdOx formation does not appear to exceed one to two atomic layers of Pd for conditions explored herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan M Coffey
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Ave., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Himamshu C Nallan
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Ave., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - James R Engstrom
- The Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - John G Ekerdt
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 200 E. Dean Keeton Ave., Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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3
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Zuo J, Chen Q, Hu X, Guo H, Xie D. Theoretical Investigations of Rate Coefficients for H + O3 and HO2 + O Reactions on a Full-Dimensional Potential Energy Surface. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6427-6437. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c04321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Zuo
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Qixin Chen
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Xixi Hu
- Kuang Yaming Honors School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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4
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Burgess DR. An Evaluation of Gas Phase Enthalpies of Formation for Hydrogen-Oxygen (H xO y) Species. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY 2016; 121:108-138. [PMID: 34434616 PMCID: PMC7339710 DOI: 10.6028/jres.121.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We have compiled gas phase enthalpies of formation for nine hydrogen-oxygen species (HxOy) and selected recommended values for H, O, OH, H2O, HO2, H2O2, O3, HO3, and H2O3. The compilation consists of values derived from experimental measurements, quantum chemical calculations, and prior evaluations. This work updates the recommended values in the NIST-JANAF (1985) and Gurvich et al. (1989) thermochemical tables for seven species. For two species, HO3 and H2O3 (important in atmospheric chemistry) and not found in prior thermochemical evaluations, we also provide supplementary data consisting of molecular geometries, vibrational frequencies, and torsional potentials which can be used to compute thermochemical functions. For all species, we also provide supplementary data consisting of zero point energies, vibrational frequencies, and ion reaction energetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald R Burgess
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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5
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Gladich I, Francisco JS, Buszek RJ, Vazdar M, Carignano MA, Shepson PB. Ab initio study of the reaction of ozone with bromide ion. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4482-8. [PMID: 25642913 DOI: 10.1021/jp5101279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Surface level ozone destruction in polar environments may be initiated by oxidation of bromide ions by ozone, ultimately leading to Br2 production. Ab initio calculations are used to support the development of atmospheric chemistry models, but errors can occur in study of the bromide-ozone reaction due to inappropriate treatment of the many-electron species and the ionic nature of the reaction. In this work, a high level ab initio study is used to take into account the electronic correlation and the polarization effects. Our results show three possible pathways for the reaction. In particular, we find that this process, though endothermic on the singlet spin state surface, can be energetically feasible on the triplet surface. The triplet surface can be reached through photoexcitation of ozone or by the spin crossing of the potential energy surface. Because this process is known to occur in the dark, it may be that it occurs after intersystem crossing to a triplet surface. This paper also provides a starting point calibration for any future ab initio calculation studies of the bromide-ozone reaction, from the gas to the condensed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Gladich
- †International School For Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste I-34136, Italy
| | | | | | - Mario Vazdar
- ∥Division of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, P.O.B. 180, HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marcelo A Carignano
- ⊥Qatar Environment and Energy Research Institute, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar
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6
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Mann JE, Troyer ME, Jarrold CC. Photoelectron imaging and photodissociation of ozonide in O3(-)⋅(O2)n (n = 1-4) clusters. J Chem Phys 2015; 142:124305. [PMID: 25833577 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoelectron images of O3 (-) and O3 (-) ⋅ (O2)n (n = 1-4) have been measured using 3.49 eV photon energy. The spectra exhibit several processes, including direct photodetachment and photodissociation with photodetachment of O(-) photofragments. Several spectra also exhibit autodetachment of vibrationally excited O2 (-) photofragments. Comparison of the bare O3 (-) photoelectron spectra to that of the complexes shows that the O3 (-) core is preserved upon clustering with several O2 molecules, though subtle changes in the Franck-Condon profile of the ground state photodetachment transition suggest some charge transfer from O3 (-) to the O2 molecules. The electron affinities of the complexes increase by less than 0.1 eV with each additional O2 molecule, which is comparable to the corresponding binding energy [K. Hiraoka, Chem. Phys. 125, 439-444 (1988)]. The relative intensity of the photofragment O(-) detachment signal to the O3 (-) ⋅ (O2)n direct detachment signal increases with cluster size. O2 (-) autodetachment signal is only observed in the O3 (-), O3 (-) ⋅ (O2)3, and O3 (-) ⋅ (O2)4 spectra, suggesting that the energy of the dissociative state also varies with the number of O2 molecules present in the cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Mann
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 40405, USA
| | - Mary E Troyer
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 40405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 40405, USA
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7
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Houston PL, Cosofret BR, Dixit A, Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Mueller JA, Wilson RJ, Pisano PJ, Westley MS, Lorenz KT, Chandler DW. Product Imaging Studies of Photodissociation and Bimolecular Reaction Dynamics. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.200100048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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8
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Han H, Suo B, Xie D, Lei Y, Wang Y, Wen Z. Electronic structure calculations of low-lying electronic states of O3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:2723-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp01300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Chichinin AI, Gericke KH, Kauczok S, Maul C. Imaging chemical reactions – 3D velocity mapping. INT REV PHYS CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/01442350903235045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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10
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Hama T, Yabushita A, Yokoyama M, Kawasaki M, Watanabe N. Formation mechanisms of oxygen atoms in the O(D21) state from the 157nm photoirradiation of amorphous water ice at 90K. J Chem Phys 2009; 131:114510. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3194798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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11
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Suits AG, Vasyutinskii OS. Imaging Atomic Orbital Polarization in Photodissociation. Chem Rev 2008; 108:3706-46. [DOI: 10.1021/cr040085c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G. Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Oleg S. Vasyutinskii
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, 5101 Cass Avenue, Detroit, Michigan 48202, and Ioffe Physico-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194021 St. Petersburg, Russia
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12
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De Vico L, Pegado L, Heimdal J, Söderhjelm P, Roos BO. The ozone ring closure as a test for multi-state multi-configurational second order perturbation theory (MS-CASPT2). Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Ion imaging study of IO radical photodissociation: Accurate bond dissociation energy determination. Chem Phys Lett 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Horrocks SJ, Ritchie GAD, Sharples TR. Probing the O2 (a 1Delta g) photofragment following ozone dissociation within the long wavelength tail of the Hartley band. J Chem Phys 2007; 126:044308. [PMID: 17286471 DOI: 10.1063/1.2429656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The technique of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) has been used in conjunction with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS), to investigate the dynamics of ozone photolysis in the long wavelength region of the Hartley band (301-311 nm). Specifically, both the translational anisotropy and the rotational angular momentum orientation of the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g); nu=0, J=16-20) fragments have been measured as a function of photolysis wavelength. Within this region, the thermodynamic thresholds for the formation of these products in combination with O ((1)D(2)) are approached and passed, and consequently these studies have allowed an investigation into the effects on the dynamics of slowing fragment recoil velocities and the increasing importance of vibrationally mediated photolysis. The determined beta parameters for all the J states probed follow a similar trend, decreasing from a value typical for the initial (1)B(2)<--(1)A(1) excitation responsible for the Hartley band [for example, beta=1.40+/-0.12 for the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g); J=18) fragment], to a much lower value beyond the thermodynamic threshold for the fragment's production (for example, beta=0.63+/-0.19 for the J=18 fragment following photolysis at 311 nm). This trend, similar to that observed when probing the atomic fragment in a previous set of experiments, [Horrocks et al., J. Chem. Phys. 125, 133313 (2006); Denzer et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, 1954 (2006)] is consistent with the photodissociation of vibrationally excited ozone molecules beyond the threshold wavelengths and we estimate approximately 1/3 of this to be from excitation in the nu(3) asymmetric stretching mode. These observations are substantiated by the values of the beta(0) (2)(2,1) orientation moment measured, which for photolysis at 301 nm are negative, indicating that a bond opening mechanism provides the key torque for the departing O(2) fragment. The orientation moment becomes positive again for photolysis beyond threshold, however, as the increasing impulsive dissociation again begins to dominate the nature of the rotation of the departing molecular fragment. In addition, a (2+2) REMPI scheme has been utilized to probe the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g)) "low" J fragments, where the majority of the population resides following photolysis within this region. The REMPI-TOFMS technique has been used to confirm the rotational character of a spectral feature through examination of the signal line shapes obtained using different experimental geometries. The dynamical information subsequently obtained, probing the "low" J O(2) (a (1)Delta(g)) fragments on these rotational transitions, has unified previous translational anisotropy results obtained by detecting the O ((1)D(2)) atomic fragment with data for the O(2) (a (1)Delta(g); J=16-20) fragments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Horrocks
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, The University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QZ, UK
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15
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Abstract
Ion pair dissociation processes may be studied using coherent vacuum ultraviolet laser sources in a manner entirely analogous to photoelectron spectroscopy, albeit with the anion playing the role of a heavy electron. If the excitation energy is above the dissociation energy and the kinetic energy of the fragment is measured using ion imaging, this approach is termed ion pair imaging spectroscopy (IPIS) and is related to conventional photoelectron spectroscopy. If the excitation energy is just below the dissociation energy and pulsed-field dissociation is employed, this approach is analogous to mass analyzed threshold ionization (MATI) spectroscopy and is termed threshold ion pair production spectroscopy (TIPPS). These approaches provide a novel means of investigating ion thermochemistry and spectroscopy and superexcited state decay dynamics at high resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur G Suits
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
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16
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Kim H, Dooley KS, Johnson ER, North SW. Photodissociation of the BrO radical using velocity map ion imaging: Excited state dynamics and accurate D00(BrO) evaluation. J Chem Phys 2006; 124:134304. [PMID: 16613452 DOI: 10.1063/1.2173265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the photodissociation dynamics of expansion-cooled BrO radical both above (278-281.5 nm) and below (355 nm) the A (2)Pi(3/2) state threshold using velocity map ion imaging. A recently developed late-mixing flash pyrolytic reactor source was utilized to generate an intense BrO radical molecular beam. The relative electronic product branching ratios at 355 nm and from 278 to 281.5 nm were determined. We have investigated the excited state dynamics based on both the product branching and the photofragment angular distributions. We find that above the O((1)D(2)) threshold the contribution of the direct excitation to states other than the A (2)Pi(3/2) state and the role of curve crossing is considerably larger in BrO compared to that observed for ClO, in agreement with recent theoretical studies. The measurement of low velocity photofragments resulting from photodissociation just above the O((1)D(2)) threshold provides an accurate and direct determination of the A (2)Pi(3/2) state dissociation threshold of 35418+/-35 cm(-1), leading to a ground state bond energy of D(0)(0)(BrO)=55.9+/-0.1 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hahkjoon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77842, USA
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17
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Janoschek R, Fabian WM. Enthalpies of formation of small free radicals and stable intermediates: Interplay of experimental and theoretical values. J Mol Struct 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Ashfold MNR, Nahler NH, Orr-Ewing AJ, Vieuxmaire OPJ, Toomes RL, Kitsopoulos TN, Garcia IA, Chestakov DA, Wu SM, Parker DH. Imaging the dynamics of gas phase reactions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2006; 8:26-53. [PMID: 16482242 DOI: 10.1039/b509304j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ion imaging methods are making ever greater impact on studies of gas phase molecular reaction dynamics. This article traces the evolution of the technique, highlights some of the more important breakthroughs with regards to improving image resolution and in image processing and analysis methods, and then proceeds to illustrate some of the many applications to which the technique is now being applied--most notably in studies of molecular photodissociation and of bimolecular reaction dynamics.
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19
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Qu ZW, Zhu H, Grebenshchikov SY, Schinke R. The photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley band: A theoretical analysis. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:074305. [PMID: 16229568 DOI: 10.1063/1.2001650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional diabatic potential energy surfaces for the lowest four electronic states of ozone with 1A' symmetry-termed X, A, B, and R-are constructed from electronic structure calculations. The diabatization is performed by reassigning corresponding energy points. Although approximate, these diabatic potential energy surfaces allow one to study the uv photodissociation of ozone on a level of theory not possible before. In the present work photoexcitation in the Hartley band and subsequent dissociation into the singlet channel, O3X+hnu-->O(1D)+O2(a 1Deltag), are investigated by means of quantum mechanical and classical trajectory calculations using the diabatic potential energy surface of the B state. The calculated low-resolution absorption spectrum as well as the vibrational and rotational state distributions of O2(a 1Deltag) are in good agreement with available experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z-W Qu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Dynamik und Selbstorganisation, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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20
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Baloïtcha E, Balint-Kurti GG. Theory of the photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley continuum: Potential energy surfaces, conical intersections, and photodissociation dynamics. J Chem Phys 2005; 123:014306. [PMID: 16035834 DOI: 10.1063/1.1903947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ab initio potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces are presented for the five lowest singlet even symmetry electronic states of ozone. The surfaces are calculated using the complete active space self consistent field method followed by contracted multireference configuration interaction (MRCI) calculations. A slightly reduced augmented correlation consistent valence triple-zeta orbital basis set is used. The ground and excited state energies of the molecule have been computed at 9282 separate nuclear geometries. Cuts through the potential energy surfaces, which pass through the geometry of the minimum of the ground electronic state, show several closely avoided crossings. Close examination, and higher level calculations, very strongly suggests that some of these seemingly avoided crossings are in fact associated with non-symmetry related conical intersections. Diabatic potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces are created from the computed ab initio adiabatic MRCI energies and transition dipole moments. The transition dipole moment connecting the ground electronic state to the diabatic B state surface is by far the strongest. Vibrational-rotational wavefunctions and energies are computed using the ground electronic state. The energy level separations compare well with experimentally determined values. The ground vibrational state wavefunction is then used, together with the diabatic B<--X transition dipole moment surface, to form an initial wavepacket. The analysis of the time-dependent quantum dynamics of this wavepacket provides the total and partial photodissociation cross sections for the system. Both the total absorption cross section and the predicted product quantum state distributions compare well with experimental observations. A discussion is also given as to how the observed alternation in product diatom rotational state populations might be explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinvi Baloïtcha
- Center for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom.
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21
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Takahashi K, Takeuchi Y, Matsumi Y. Rate constants of the O(1D) reactions with N2, O2, N2O, and H2O at 295K. Chem Phys Lett 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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22
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Willitsch S, Innocenti F, Dyke JM, Merkt F. High-resolution pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy photoelectron spectroscopic study of the two lowest electronic states of the ozone cation O3+. J Chem Phys 2005; 122:024311. [PMID: 15638590 DOI: 10.1063/1.1829974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pulsed-field-ionization zero-kinetic-energy (PFI-ZEKE) photoelectron spectrum of jet-cooled O3 has been recorded in the range 101,000-104,000 cm(-1). The origins of the X 1A1-->X+ 2A1 and X 1A1-->A+ 2B2 transitions could be determined from the rotational structure of the bands, the photoionization selection rules, the photoionization efficiency curve, and comparison with ab initio calculations. The first adiabatic ionization energy of O3 was measured to be 101,020.5(5) cm(-1) [12.524 95(6) eV] and the energy difference between the X+ 2A1 (0,0,0) and A+ 2B2 (0,0,0) states was determined to be DeltaT0=1089.7(4) cm(-1). Whereas the X-->X+ band consists of an intense and regular progression in the bending (nu2) mode observed up to v2+=4, only the origin of the X-->A+ band was observed. The analysis of the rotational structure in each band led to the derivation of the r0 structure of O3+ in the X+ [C2v,r0=1.25(2) A,alpha0=131.5(9) degrees ] and A+[C2v,r0=1.37(5) A,alpha0=111.3(38) degrees ] states. The appearance of the spectrum, which is regular up to 102,300 cm(-1), changes abruptly at approximately 102,500 cm(-1), a position above which the spectral density increases markedly and the rotational structure of the bands collapses. On the basis of ab initio calculations, this behavior is attributed to the onset of large-amplitude motions spreading through several local minima all the way to large internuclear distances. The ab initio calculations are consistent with earlier results in predicting a seam of conical intersections between the X+ and A+ states approximately 2600 cm(-1) above the cationic ground state and demonstrate the existence of potential minima at large internuclear distances that are connected to the main minima of the X+ and A+ states through low-lying barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Willitsch
- Physical Chemistry, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
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Baloïtcha E, Balint-Kurti GG. Theory of the photodissociation of ozone in the Hartley continuum; effect of vibrational excitation and O(1D) atom velocity distribution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:3829-33. [PMID: 16358032 DOI: 10.1039/b511640f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vibrational excitation on the photodissociation cross section of ozone in the Hartley continuum is examined. The calculations make use of newly computed potential energy and transition dipole moment surfaces. The initial vibrational states of the ozone are computed using grid based techniques and the first few ab initio computed vibrational energy level spacings agree to within 10 cm(-1) with experimental values. The computed total absorption cross sections arising from different initial vibrational states of ozone are discussed in the light of the nature of the transition dipole moment surface. The computed cross section for excitation from the ground vibrational-rotational state is in good agreement with the experimentally measured cross section. Excitation of the asymmetric stretching vibration of ozone has a marked effect on both the form and magnitude of the photodissociation cross section. The velocity distributions of highly reactive O(1D) atoms arising from the photodissociation process in different wavelength ranges is also presented. The results show that the O(1D) atoms travel with a most probable translational velocity of 2.030 km s(-1) corresponding to a translational energy of 0.342 eV or 33.0 kJ mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezinvi Baloïtcha
- Centre for Computational Chemistry, School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK BS8 1TS.
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Kyoung Lee S, Townsend D, Vasyutinskii OS, Suits AG. O(1D2) orbital orientation in the ultraviolet photodissociation of ozone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2005; 7:1650-6. [DOI: 10.1039/b502371h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Qu ZW, Zhu H, Grebenshchikov SY, Schinke R, Farantos SC. The Huggins band of ozone: A theoretical analysis. J Chem Phys 2004; 121:11731-45. [PMID: 15634138 DOI: 10.1063/1.1814098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The Huggins band of ozone is investigated by means of dynamics calculations using a new (diabatic) potential energy surface for the 3 (1)A'(1B2) state. The good overall agreement of the calculated spectrum of vibrational energies and intensities with the experimental spectrum, especially at low to intermediate excitation energies, is considered as evidence that the Huggins band is due to the two C(s) potential wells of the 1B2 state rather than the single C2v well of the 2 (1)A'(1A1) state. The vibrational assignment of the "cold bands," based on the nodal structure of wave functions, on the whole supports the most recent experimental assignment [J. Chem. Phys. 115, 9311 (2001)]. The quantum mechanical spectrum is analyzed in terms of classical periodic orbits and the structure of the classical phase space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Wang Qu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strömungsforschung, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Ruscic B, Pinzon RE, Morton ML, von Laszevski G, Bittner SJ, Nijsure SG, Amin KA, Minkoff M, Wagner AF. Introduction to Active Thermochemical Tables: Several “Key” Enthalpies of Formation Revisited. J Phys Chem A 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/jp047912y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 503] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Branko Ruscic
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Reinhardt E. Pinzon
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Melita L. Morton
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Gregor von Laszevski
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Sandra J. Bittner
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Sandeep G. Nijsure
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Kaizar A. Amin
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Michael Minkoff
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
| | - Albert F. Wagner
- Chemistry Division and Mathematics and Computer Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439
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Boese AD, Oren M, Atasoylu O, Martin JML, Kallay M, Gauss J. W3 theory: Robust computational thermochemistry in the kJ/mol accuracy range. J Chem Phys 2004; 120:4129-41. [PMID: 15268579 DOI: 10.1063/1.1638736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 381] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We are proposing a new computational thermochemistry protocol denoted W3 theory, as a successor to W1 and W2 theory proposed earlier [Martin and De Oliveira, J. Chem. Phys. 111, 1843 (1999)]. The new method is both more accurate overall (error statistics for total atomization energies approximately cut in half) and more robust (particularly towards systems exhibiting significant nondynamical correlation) than W2 theory. The cardinal improvement rests in an approximate account for post-CCSD(T) correlation effects. Iterative T3 (connected triple excitations) effects exhibit a basis set convergence behavior similar to the T3 contribution overall. They almost universally decrease molecular binding energies. Their inclusion in isolation yields less accurate results than CCSD(T) nearly across the board: It is only when T4 (connected quadruple excitations) effects are included that superior performance is achieved. T4 effects systematically increase molecular binding energies. Their basis set convergence is quite rapid, and even CCSDTQ/cc-pVDZ scaled by an empirical factor of 1.2532 will yield a quite passable quadruples contribution. The effect of still higher-order excitations was gauged for a subset of molecules (notably the eight-valence electron systems): T5 (connected quintuple excitations) contributions reach 0.3 kcal/mol for the pathologically multireference X 1Sigmag+ state of C2 but are quite small for other systems. A variety of avenues for achieving accuracy beyond that of W3 theory were explored, to no significant avail. W3 thus appears to represent a good compromise between accuracy and computational cost for those seeking a robust method for computational thermochemistry in the kJ/mol accuracy range on small systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Daniel Boese
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Weizmann Institute of Science, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel
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Matsumi Y, Kawasaki M. Photolysis of Atmospheric Ozone in the Ultraviolet Region. Chem Rev 2003; 103:4767-82. [PMID: 14664632 DOI: 10.1021/cr0205255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toyokawa 442-8505, Japan.
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Reisz E, Schmidt W, Schuchmann HP, von Sonntag C. Photolysis of ozone in aqueous solutions in the presence of tertiary butanol. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:1941-1948. [PMID: 12775069 DOI: 10.1021/es0113100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The ozone decomposition quantum yield (phi) in millimolar and higher-concentration aqueous tertiary butanol solution is 0.64 +/- 0.05 (observed over a wavelength range from 250 to 280 nm) and rises toward lower tertiary butanol concentrations (phi approximately 1.5 at 10(-5) M at pH 2) on account of the onset of the well-known *OH-radical-induced chain reaction. The destruction of the organic is initiated by hydrogen-atom abstraction through OH radicals which are produced via the reaction of the photolytically generated O(1D) with the solvent water at a quantum yield of phi(*OH) of about 0.1. There is no decomposition of ozone in the dark on the time scale of the photolysis experiment. The efficiency of tertiary butanol destruction with respect to ozone consumption ([O3]0 = 3 x 10(-4) M), defined by the ratio delta[t-BuOH]/delta[O3], termed eta(t-BuOH), is 0.26 at millimolar tertiary butanol concentrations, determined at the stage of essentially complete ozone consumption. It diminishes toward lower tertiary butanol concentrations (delta[t-BuOH]/delta[O3] approximately 0.17 at [t-BuOH]0 = 1 x 10(-4) M). Part of the effect of the ozone, apart from being a source of *OH radicals, rests on the intervention of HO2*/O2*- which is produced in the course of the peroxyl-radical chemistry of the tertiary butanol in this dioxygen-saturated environment and converted into further *OH radical by reaction with ozone. Moreover in this system, organic free radicals and peroxyl radicals react with the ozone. On the basis of the experimental and mechanistic-simulation data, the quantum yield of direct (by hv) ozone cleavage in aqueous solution is estimated at about 0.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Reisz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie, Stiftstrasse 34-36, P.O. Box 101365, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Wachsmuth U. Linewidths and line intensity measurements in the weak3A2(000) ← ${\tilde X}}$1A1(000) band of ozone by pulsed cavity ringdown spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kawasaki M, Bersohn R. Photodissociation of Small Molecules in the Gas Phase. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2002. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.75.1885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Probst M, Hermansson K, Urban J, Mach P, Muigg D, Denifl G, Fiegele T, Mason NJ, Stamatovic A, Märk TD. Ionization energy studies for ozone and OClO monomers and dimers. J Chem Phys 2002. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1386669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Matsumi Y. Quantum yields for production of O(1D) in the ultraviolet photolysis of ozone: Recommendation based on evaluation of laboratory data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dylewski SM, Geiser JD, Houston PL. The energy distribution, angular distribution, and alignment of the O(1D2) fragment from the photodissociation of ozone between 235 and 305 nm. J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1405439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Delmdahl RF, Parker DH, Eppink ATJB. Short-wavelength photolysis of jet-cooled OClO(2A2 ν1>20)→ClO(X 2ΠΩ,v,J)+O(3PJ). J Chem Phys 2001. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1367393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Affiliation(s)
- Nori Taniguchi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Kenshi Takahashi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
| | - Yutaka Matsumi
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory and Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Honohara 3−13, Toyokawa, Aichi, 442-8507, Japan
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Abstract
Molecular oxygen poses very difficult challenges in molecular photochemistry due to the extreme weakness of its ultraviolet absorption spectrum. In the past few years a new technique called velocity map imaging has been able to overcome many of the experimental obstacles to the study of this all-important atmospheric species. In this Account several aspects of laser photochemistry of O(2) will be described, including the unraveling of the Herzberg and Schumann-Runge continua using velocity map imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Parker
- Department of Molecular and Laser Physics, University of Nijmegen, Toernooiveld 1, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Velocity map imaging of the near-threshold photodissociation of IBr: accurate determination of De(I–Br). Chem Phys Lett 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2614(00)00748-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- John Bentley
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Jesse Y. Collins
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Daniel M. Chipman
- Radiation Laboratory, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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