1
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Thorwart T, Greb L. Structural Flexibility is a Decisive Factor in FLP Dihydrogen Cleavage with Tetrahedral Lewis Acids: A Silane Case Study. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202401912. [PMID: 38856095 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202401912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Dihydrogen activation is the paradigmatic reaction of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs). While trigonal-planar Lewis acids have been well established in this transformation, tetrahedral Lewis acids are surprisingly limited. Indeed, several cases were computed as thermodynamically and kinetically feasible but exhibit puzzling discrepancies with experimental results. In the present study, a computational investigation of the factors influencing dihydrogen activation are considered by large ensemble sampling of encounter complexes, deformation energies and the activation strain model for a silicon/nitrogen FLP and compared with a boron/phosphorous FLP. The analysis adds the previously missing dimension of Lewis acids' structural flexibility as a factor that influences preexponential terms beyond pure transition state energies. It sheds light on the origin of "overfrustration" (defined herein), indicates structural constraint in Lewis acids as a linchpin for activation of weak donor substrates, and allows drawing a more refined mechanistic picture of this emblematic reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaddäus Thorwart
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lutz Greb
- Anorganisch-Chemisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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2
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Heshmat M, Ensing B. Optimizing the Energetics of FLP-Type H 2 Activation by Modulating the Electronic and Structural Properties of the Lewis Acids: A DFT Study. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:6399-6410. [PMID: 32666803 PMCID: PMC8279552 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c03108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The great potential of frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) as metal-free catalysts for activation of molecular hydrogen has attracted increasing interest as an alternative to transition-metal catalysts. However, the complexity of FLP systems, involving the simultaneous interaction of three molecules, impedes a detailed understanding of the activation mechanism and the individual roles of the Lewis acid (LA) and Lewis base (LB). In the present work, using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we examine the reactivity of 75 FLPs for the H2 splitting reaction, including a series of experimentally investigated LAs combined with conventional phosphine-based (tBu3P) and oxygen-based (i.e., ethereal solvent) Lewis bases. We find that the catalytic activity of the FLP is the result of a delicate balance of the LA and LB strengths and their bulkiness. The H2 splitting reaction can be changed from endergonic to exergonic by tuning the electrophilicity of the LA. Also, a more nucleophilic LB results in a more stable ion pair product and a lower barrier for the hydrogen splitting. The bulkiness of the LB leads to an early transition state to reduce steric hindrance and lower the barrier height. The bulkiness of the fragments determines the cavity size in the FLP complex, and a large cavity allows for a larger charge separation in the ion pair configuration. A shorter proton-hydride distance in this product complex correlates with a stronger attraction between the fragments, which forms more reactive ion pairs and facilitates the proton and hydride donations in the subsequent hydrogenation process. These insights may help with rationalizing the experimentally observed reactivities of FLPs and with designing better FLP systems for hydrogenation catalysis and hydrogen storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bernd Ensing
- Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Zhang N, Ma J, Li R, Jiao H. Hydrocracking of Fused Aromatic Hydrocarbons Catalyzed by Al-Substituted HZSM-5—A Case Study of 9,10-Dihydroanthracene. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Jinghong Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Ruifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
| | - Haijun Jiao
- Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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4
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Aramaki Y, Imaizumi N, Hotta M, Kumagai J, Ooi T. Exploiting single-electron transfer in Lewis pairs for catalytic bond-forming reactions. Chem Sci 2020; 11:4305-4311. [PMID: 34122888 PMCID: PMC8152713 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01159b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A single-electron transfer (SET) between tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3) and N,N-dialkylanilines is reported, which is operative via the formation of an electron donor–acceptor (EDA) complex involving π-orbital interactions as a key intermediate under dark conditions or visible-light irradiation depending on the structure of the aniline derivatives. This inherent SET in the Lewis pairs initiates the generation of the corresponding α-aminoalkyl radicals and their additions to electron-deficient olefins, revealing the ability of B(C6F5)3 to act as an effective one-electron redox catalyst. Radical–ion pair generation from common Lewis pairs and its application to catalytic carbon–carbon bond formation.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Aramaki
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Naoki Imaizumi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mao Hotta
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Jun Kumagai
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
| | - Takashi Ooi
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan .,CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601 Japan
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5
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Daru J, Bakó I, Stirling A, Pápai I. Mechanism of Heterolytic Hydrogen Splitting by Frustrated Lewis Pairs: Comparison of Static and Dynamic Models. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b01137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- János Daru
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Imre Bakó
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - András Stirling
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
| | - Imre Pápai
- Research Center for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, Budapest H-1117, Hungary
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6
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Pu M, Heshmat M, Privalov T. Liberation of H 2 from (o-C 6H 4Me) 3P-H (+) + (-)H-B(p-C 6F 4H) 3 ion-pair: A transition-state in the minimum energy path versus the transient species in Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:014303. [PMID: 28688388 DOI: 10.1063/1.4989672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics (BOMD) with density functional theory, transition-state (TS) calculations, and the quantitative energy decomposition analysis (EDA), we examined the mechanism of H2-liberation from LB-H(+) + (-)H-LA ion-pair, 1, in which the Lewis base (LB) is (o-C6H4Me)3P and the Lewis acid (LA) is B(p-C6F4H)3. BOMD simulations indicate that the path of H2 liberation from the ion-pair 1 goes via the short-lived transient species, LB⋯H2⋯LA, which are structurally reminiscent of the TS-structure in the minimum-energy-path describing the reversible reaction between H2 and (o-C6H4Me)3P/B(p-C6F4H)3 frustrated Lewis pair (FLP). With electronic structure calculations performed on graphics processing units, our BOMD data-set covers more than 1 ns of evolution of the ion-pair 1 at temperature T ≈ 400 K. BOMD simulations produced H2-recombination events with various durations of H2 remaining fully recombined as a molecule within a LB/LA attractive "pocket"-from very short vibrational-time scale to time scales in the range of a few hundred femtoseconds. With the help of perturbational approach to trajectory-propagation over a saddle-area, we directly examined dynamics of H2-liberation. Using EDA, we elucidated interactions between the cationic and anionic fragments in the ion-pair 1 and between the molecular fragments in the TS-structure. We have also considered a model that qualitatively takes into account the potential energy characteristics of H-H recombination and H2-release plus inertia of molecular motion of the (o-C6H4Me)3P/B(p-C6F4H)3 FLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mojgan Heshmat
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Arrhenius Laboratory, Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Ye KY, Daniliuc CG, Dong S, Kehr G, Erker G. Frustrated Lewis Pair Behavior of an Open, Noninteracting Phosphane/Borane Pair at a Rigid Organic Framework: Exploring Decisive Factors for FLP Activity. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Yin Ye
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität
Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Constantin G. Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität
Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Shunxi Dong
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität
Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Gerald Kehr
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität
Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Universität
Münster, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany)
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8
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Heshmat M, Privalov T. Testing the nature of reaction coordinate describing interaction of H2 with carbonyl carbon, activated by Lewis acid complexation, and the Lewis basic solvent: A Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics study with explicit solvent. J Chem Phys 2017; 147:094302. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4999708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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9
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Liu L, Brandenburg JG, Grimme S. On the hydrogen activation by frustrated Lewis pairs in the solid state: benchmark studies and theoretical insights. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2017; 375:20170006. [PMID: 28739964 PMCID: PMC5540839 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the concept of small molecule activation by frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) has been expanded to the solid state showing a variety of interesting reactivities. Therefore, there is a need to establish a computational protocol to investigate such systems theoretically. In the present study, we selected several FLPs and applied multiple levels of theory, ranging from a semi-empirical tight-binding Hamiltonian to dispersion corrected hybrid density functionals. Their performance is benchmarked for the computation of crystal geometries, thermostatistical contributions, and reaction energies. We show that the computationally efficient HF-3c method gives accurate crystal structures and is numerically stable and sufficiently fast for routine applications. This method also gives reliable values for the thermostatistical contributions to Gibbs free energies. The meta-generalized gradient approximated TPSS-D3 evaluated in a projector augmented plane wave basis set is able to produce sufficiently accurate reaction electronic energies. The established protocol is intended to support experimental studies and to predict new reactions in the emerging field of solid-state FLPs.This article is part of the themed issue 'Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Gerit Brandenburg
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, 17-19 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AH London, UK
- Thomas Young Centre, University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Beringstrasse 4, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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10
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Heshmat M, Privalov T. A Prediction of Proton-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Ketones in Lewis Basic Solvent through Facile Splitting of Hydrogen Molecules. Chemistry 2017; 23:1036-1039. [PMID: 27883245 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A ketone's carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and harbors a part of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of the carbonyl group, resembling a Lewis acidic center; under the right circumstances it exhibits very useful chemical reactivity, although the natural electrophilicity of the ketone's carbonyl carbon is often not strong enough on its own to produce such reactivity. Quantum chemical calculations predict that a proton shared between a ketone and the Lewis basic solvent molecule (dioxane or THF) activates carbonyl carbon to the point of enabling a facile heterolytic splitting of H2 . Proton-catalyzed hydrogenation of a ketone in Lewis basic solvent is the result. The mechanism involves the interaction of H2 with the enhanced Lewis acidity of a carbonyl carbon and the free Lewis basic solvent molecule polarizes H2 and enables the hydride-type attack on carbonyl carbon, which is very strongly influenced by the proton shared between a ketone and solvent. The hydride-type attack on carbon is reminiscent of the splitting of H2 by singlet carbenes except that, in this case, a Lewis base from the surrounding environment (solvent) is necessary for polarization of H2 and acceptance of the proton resulting from the heterolytic splitting of H2 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Heshmat
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
| | - Timofei Privalov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University, Stockholm, 10691, Sweden
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11
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Mummadi S, Unruh DK, Zhao J, Li S, Krempner C. “Inverse” Frustrated Lewis Pairs – Activation of Dihydrogen with Organosuperbases and Moderate to Weak Lewis Acids. J Am Chem Soc 2016; 138:3286-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Mummadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Daniel K. Unruh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
| | - Jiyang Zhao
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Shuhua Li
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Nanjing University, Xianlin Road No. 163, 210023, Nanjing, Jiangsu P. R. China
| | - Clemens Krempner
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Box 41061, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1061, United States
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12
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Zeonjuk LL, St Petkov P, Heine T, Röschenthaler GV, Eicher J, Vankova N. Are intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs also intramolecular catalysts? A theoretical study on H2 activation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:10687-98. [PMID: 25812167 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp00368g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigate computationally a series of intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs), with the general formula Mes2PCHRCH2B(C6F5)2, that are known from the literature to either activate molecular hydrogen (FLPs with R = H (1) or Me (4)), or remain inert (FLPs with R = Ph (2) or SiMe3 (3)). The prototypical system Mes2PCH2CH2B(C6F5)2 (1) has been described in the literature (Grimme et al., Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 2010; Rokob et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2013) as an intramolecular reactant that triggers the reaction with H2 in a bimolecular concerted fashion. In the current study, we show that the concept of intramolecular H2 activation by linked FLPs is not able to explain the inertness of the derivative compounds 2 and 3 towards H2. To cope with this, we propose an alternative intermolecular mechanism for the investigated reaction, assuming stacking of two open-chain FLP conformers, and formation of a dimeric reactant with two Lewis acid–base domains, that can split up to two hydrogen molecules. Using quantum-chemical methods, we compute the reaction profiles describing these alternative mechanisms, and compare the derived predictions with earlier reported experimental results. We show that only the concept of intermolecular H2 activation could explain both the activity of the FLPs having small substituents in the bridging molecular region, and the inertness of the FLPs with a bulkier substitution, in a consistent way. Importantly, the intermolecular H2 activation driven by intramolecular FLPs indicates the key role of steric factors and noncovalent interactions for the design of metal-free systems that can efficiently split H2, and possibly serve as metal-free hydrogenation catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu Zeonjuk
- Department of Physics & Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Campus Ring 1, 28759 Bremen, Germany.
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13
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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14
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Catalytic reduction of polar substrates without metals: A thermodynamic and kinetic study of heterolytic activation of hydrogen by vacancies in frustrated Lewis pairs. Catal Today 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2014.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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15
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Stephan DW, Erker G. Chemie frustrierter Lewis-Paare: Entwicklung und Perspektiven. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 481] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Stephan DW, Erker G. Frustrated Lewis pair chemistry: development and perspectives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6400-41. [PMID: 25974714 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1311] [Impact Index Per Article: 145.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) are combinations of Lewis acids and Lewis bases in solution that are deterred from strong adduct formation by steric and/or electronic factors. This opens pathways to novel cooperative reactions with added substrates. Small-molecule binding and activation by FLPs has led to the discovery of a variety of new reactions through unprecedented pathways. Hydrogen activation and subsequent manipulation in metal-free catalytic hydrogenations is a frequently observed feature of many FLPs. The current state of this young but rapidly expanding field is outlined in this Review and the future directions for its broadening sphere of impact are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, Ontario M5S3H6 (Canada).
| | - Gerhard Erker
- Organisch Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149 Münster (Germany).
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17
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Pu M, Privalov T. Chemistry of Intermolecular Frustrated Lewis Pairs in Motion: Emerging Perspectives and Prospects. Isr J Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201400159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Forrest SJK, Clifton J, Fey N, Pringle PG, Sparkes HA, Wass DF. Cooperative Lewis Pairs Based on Late Transition Metals: Activation of Small Molecules by Platinum(0) and B(C6F5)3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:2223-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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19
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Forrest SJK, Clifton J, Fey N, Pringle PG, Sparkes HA, Wass DF. Cooperative Lewis Pairs Based on Late Transition Metals: Activation of Small Molecules by Platinum(0) and B(C6F5)3. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Pu M, Privalov T. Ab Initio Molecular Dynamics Study of Hydrogen Cleavage by a Lewis Base [tBu3P] and a Lewis Acid [B(C6F5)3] at the Mesoscopic Level-Dynamics in the Solute-Solvent Molecular Clusters. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:3714-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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21
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Pu M, Privalov T. How Frustrated Lewis Acid/Base Systems Pass through Transition-State Regions: H2Cleavage by [tBu3P/B(C6F5)3]. Chemphyschem 2014; 15:2936-44. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201402450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Goerigk L, Grimme S. Double-hybrid density functionals. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Goerigk
- School of Chemistry; The University of Sydney; Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Stefan Grimme
- Mulliken Center for Theoretical Chemistry, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie; Universität Bonn; Bonn Germany
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23
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Kathmann SM, Cho H, Chang TM, Schenter GK, Parab K, Autrey T. Experimental and Theoretical Study of Molecular Response of Amine Bases in Organic Solvents. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:4883-8. [DOI: 10.1021/jp500821u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shawn M. Kathmann
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Herman Cho
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tsun-Mei Chang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Parkside, Kenosha, Wisconsin 53141, United States
| | - Gregory K. Schenter
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kshitij Parab
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Tom Autrey
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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24
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Pu M, Privalov T. Uncovering the role of intra- and intermolecular motion in frustrated Lewis acid/base chemistry: ab initio molecular dynamics study of CO2 binding by phosphorus/boron frustrated Lewis pair [tBu3P/B(C6F5)3]. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:4598-609. [PMID: 24735335 DOI: 10.1021/ic500284q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The role of the intra- and intermolecular motion, i.e., molecular vibrations and the relative motion of reactants, remains largely unexplored in the frustrated Lewis acid/base chemistry. Here, we address the issue with the ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) study of CO2 binding by a Lewis acid (LA) and a Lewis base (LB), i.e., tBu3P + CO2 + B(C6F5)3 → tBu3P-C(O)O-B(C6F5)3 ([1]). Reasonably large ensemble of AIMD trajectories propagated at 300 K from structures in the saddle region as well as trajectories propagated directly from the reactants region revealed an effect arising from significant recrossing of the saddle area. The effect is that transient complexes composed of weakly interacting reactants nearly cease to progress along the segment of the minimum energy pathway (MEP) at the saddle region for a (subpicosecond) period of time during which the dominant factor is the light-to-heavy type of relative motion of the vibrating reactants, i.e., the "bouncing"-like movement of CO2 with respect to much heavier phosphine and borane as main contributor to the mode that is perpendicular to the MEP-direction. In terms of how P···C and B···O distances change with time, the roaming-like patterns of typical AIMD trajectories, reactive and nonreactive alike, extend far beyond the saddle region. In addition to the dynamical portrayal of [1], we provide the energy-landscape perspective that takes into account the hierarchy of time scales. The verifiable implication of the effect found here is that the isotopically substituted (heavier) LB/LA "pair" should be less reactive that the "normal" and thus lighter counterpart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maoping Pu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Stockholm University , Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm 10691, Sweden
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Steinmetz M, Hansen A, Ehrlich S, Risthaus T, Grimme S. Accurate Thermochemistry for Large Molecules with Modern Density Functionals. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Zhivonitko VV, Telkki VV, Chernichenko K, Repo T, Leskelä M, Sumerin V, Koptyug IV. Tweezers for Parahydrogen: A Metal-Free Probe of Nonequilibrium Nuclear Spin States of H2 Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 136:598-601. [DOI: 10.1021/ja410396g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V. Zhivonitko
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Instututskaya St. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova
St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- Department
of Physics, NMR Research Group, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FIN-90014, Finland
| | - Konstantin Chernichenko
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Timo Repo
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Markku Leskelä
- Department
of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Victor Sumerin
- Borealis Polymers Oy, P.O. Box 330, 06101 Porvoo, Finland
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory
of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Instututskaya St. 3A, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova
St. 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Sakata K, Fujimoto H. Quantum Chemical Study of B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Carbonyl Group. J Org Chem 2013; 78:12505-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jo402195x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Sakata
- Faculty
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fujimoto
- Department
of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School
of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
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