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Subramanian Karthikesh M, Martinez-Rivera N, Rosa-Molinar E, Wang X, Yang X. Ultrasound-assisted laser therapy for selective removal of melanoma cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2024; 249:10096. [PMID: 39170033 PMCID: PMC11338193 DOI: 10.3389/ebm.2024.10096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The current study explores the potential of ultrasound-assisted laser therapy (USaLT) to selectively destroy melanoma cells. The technology was tested on an ex vivo melanoma model, which was established by growing melanoma cells in chicken breast tissue. Ultrasound-only and laser-only treatments were used as control groups. USaLT was able to effectively destroy melanoma cells and selectively remove 66.41% of melanoma cells in the ex vivo tumor model when an ultrasound peak negative pressure of 2 MPa was concurrently applied with a laser fluence of 28 mJ/cm2 at 532 nm optical wavelength for 5 min. The therapeutic efficiency was further improved with the use of a higher laser fluence, and the treatment depth was improved to 3.5 mm with the use of 1,064 nm laser light at a fluence of 150 mJ/cm2. None of the laser-only and ultrasound-only treatments were able to remove any melanoma cells. The treatment outcome was validated with histological analyses and photoacoustic imaging. This study opens the possibility of USaLT for melanoma that is currently treated by laser therapy, but at a much lower laser fluence level, hence improving the safety potential of laser therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumithra Subramanian Karthikesh
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Noraida Martinez-Rivera
- Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Eduardo Rosa-Molinar
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Microscopy and Analytical Imaging Laboratory, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and Neuroscience, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
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Singh R, Yang X. A review on photo-mediated ultrasound therapy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2023; 248:775-786. [PMID: 37452726 PMCID: PMC10468643 DOI: 10.1177/15353702231181191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a novel therapeutic technique based on the combination of ultrasound and laser. The underlying mechanism of PUT is the enhanced cavitation effect inside blood vessels. The enhanced cavitation activity can result in bio-effects such as reduced perfusion in microvessels. The reduced perfusion effect in microvessels in the eye has the potential to control the progression of eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. Several in vivo studies have demonstrated the feasibility of PUT in removing microvasculature in the eye using rabbit eye model and vasculature in the skin using rabbit ear model. Numerical studies using a bubble dynamics model found that cavitation is enhanced during PUT due to the dramatic increase in size of air/vapor nuclei in blood. In addition, the study conducted to model cavitation dynamics inside a blood vessel during PUT found stresses induced on the vessel wall during PUT are higher than that at normal physiological levels, which may be responsible for bio-effects. The concentration of vasodilators such as nitric oxide and prostacyclin were also found to be affected during PUT in an in vitro study, which may limit blood perfusion in vessels. The main advantage of PUT over conventional techniques is non-invasive, precise, and selective removal of microvessels with high efficiency at relatively low energy levels of ultrasound and laser, without affecting the nearby structures. However, the main limitation of vessel rupture/hemorrhage needs to be overcome through the development of real-time monitoring of treatment effects during PUT. In addition to the application in removing microvessels, PUT-based techniques were also explored in treating other diseases. Studies have found a combination of ultrasound and laser to be effective in removing blood clots inside veins, which has the potential to treat deep-vein thrombosis. The disruption of atherosclerotic plaque using combined ultrasound and laser was also tested, and the feasibility was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering Research, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering Research, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
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Effect of Photo-Mediated Ultrasound Therapy on Nitric Oxide and Prostacyclin from Endothelial Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022; 12. [PMID: 35983461 PMCID: PMC9384428 DOI: 10.3390/app12052617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the effect of photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) on the treatment of neovascularization. This study explores the impact of PUT on the release of the vasoactive agents nitric oxide (NO) and prostacyclin (PGI2) from the endothelial cells in an in vitro blood vessel model. In this study, an in vitro vessel model containing RF/6A chorioretinal endothelial cells was used. The vessels were treated with ultrasound-only (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 MPa peak negative pressure at 0.5 MHz with 10% duty cycle), laser-only (5, 10, 15 and 20 mJ/cm2 at 532 nm with a pulse width of 5 ns), and synchronized laser and ultrasound (PUT) treatments. Passive cavitation detection was used to determine the cavitation activities during treatment. The levels of NO and PGI2 generally increased when the applied ultrasound pressure and laser fluence were low. The increases in NO and PGI2 levels were significantly reduced by 37.2% and 42.7%, respectively, from 0.5 to 1.5 MPa when only ultrasound was applied. The increase in NO was significantly reduced by 89.5% from 5 to 20 mJ/cm2, when only the laser was used. In the PUT group, for 10 mJ/cm2 laser fluence, the release of NO decreased by 76.8% from 0.1 to 1 MPa ultrasound pressure. For 0.5 MPa ultrasound pressure in the PUT group, the release of PGI2 started to decrease by 144% from 15 to 20 mJ/cm2 laser fluence. The decreases in NO and PGI2 levels coincided with the increased cavitation activities in each group. In conclusion, PUT can induce a significant reduction in the release of NO and PGI2 in comparison with ultrasound-only and laser-only treatments.
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Singh R, Jo J, Riegel M, Forrest ML, Yang X. The feasibility of ultrasound-assisted endovascular laser thrombolysis in an acute rabbit thrombosis model. Med Phys 2021; 48:4128-4138. [PMID: 34214203 DOI: 10.1002/mp.15068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to test the feasibility of combined ultrasound and laser technique, namely, ultrasound-assisted endovascular laser thrombolysis (USELT), for thrombolysis by conducting in vivo tests in a rabbit thrombosis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS An acute thrombus was created in the right jugular vein of rabbit and then was treated with ultrasound only, laser only, and USELT to dissolve the blood clot. A total of 20 rabbits were used. Out of which, the first three rabbits were used to titrate the laser and ultrasound parameters. Then, five rabbits were treated with ultrasound only, five rabbits were treated with laser only, and seven rabbits were treated with USELT. During USELT, 532-nm laser pulses were delivered endovascularly directly to the clot through a fiber optic, and 0.5 MHz ultrasound pulses were applied noninvasively to the same region. A laser fluence of 4 to 12 mJ/cm2 and ultrasound amplitude of 1 to 2 MPa were used. Recanalization of the jugular vein was assessed by performing ultrasound Doppler imaging immediately after the treatment. The maximum blood flow speed after the treatment as compared to its value before the treatment was used to calculate the blood flow recovery in vessel. RESULTS The blood flow was fully recovered (100%) in three rabbits, partially recovered in two rabbits (more than 50% and less than 100%) with mean percentage recovery of 69.73% and poorly recovered in two rabbits (<50%) with mean percentage recovery of 6.2% in the USELT group. In contrast, the treatment group with ultrasound or laser alone did not show recanalization of vein in any case, all the five rabbits were poorly/not recovered with a mean percentage recovery of 0%. CONCLUSIONS The USELT technology was shown to effectively dissolve the blood clots in an acute rabbit jugular vein thrombosis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Singh
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Janggun Jo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Vesarex LLC, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew Riegel
- Animal Care Unit, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - M Laird Forrest
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
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5
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Qin Y, Yu Y, Xie X, Zhang W, Fu J, Paulus YM, Yang X, Wang X. The Effect of Laser and Ultrasound Synchronization in Photo-Mediated Ultrasound Therapy. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 67:3363-3370. [PMID: 32275582 PMCID: PMC8183568 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.2985648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a novel, non-invasive, agent-free, highly selective, and precise anti-vascular technique. PUT removes microvessels through promoting cavitation activity precisely in targeted microvessels by applying synchronized nanosecond laser pulses and ultrasound bursts. The synchronization between laser and ultrasound is critical to the outcome of PUT. METHODS Through theoretical simulation and experimental study, the effect of synchronization between laser pulses and ultrasound bursts on cavitation activity during PUT is evaluated. RESULTS By using a theoretical model, we found that cavitation activity was enhanced when laser pulses and ultrasound bursts were synchronized such that the produced photoacoustic wave overlaid the rarefactional phase of the ultrasound wave. This finding was then verified through in vitro studies where cavitation was monitored by using a passive cavitation detector. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the in vivo treatment outcome of PUT in rabbits was directly related to the synchronization between laser and ultrasound. The anti-vascular effect could only be observed when laser and ultrasound were properly synchronized in vivo. CONCLUSION PUT is more efficient when the laser-induced photoacoustic wave overlays the rarefactional phase of the ultrasonic wave. SIGNIFICANCE This is a systematic study to investigate the synchronization effect of PUT, which would be significant for further understanding the mechanism and further improving the treatment efficiency of PUT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Qin
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yixin Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Eye Center of Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Julia Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Bhargava A, Meesala VC, Hajj MR, Shahab S. Nonlinear effects in high-intensity focused ultrasound power transfer systems. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2020. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0019721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aarushi Bhargava
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Vamsi C. Meesala
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - Muhammad R. Hajj
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Ocean Engineering, Davidson Laboratory, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, USA
| | - Shima Shahab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
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7
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Zhang W, Qin Y, Xie X, Hu Z, Paulus YM, Yang X, Wang X. Real-time photoacoustic sensing for photo-mediated ultrasound therapy. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:4063-4066. [PMID: 31415547 PMCID: PMC6907727 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.004063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) is a novel, noninvasive antimicrovascular approach that can treat neovascularization with high precision. We developed a photoacoustic (PA) sensing (PAS) system for PUT and achieved real-time PAS-guided PUT. Experiments performed on a chicken yolk sac membrane model demonstrated that PAS could monitor the treatment effect in a microvessel during PUT. Vessel shrinkage induced a decrease in the PA signal amplitude, while vessel rupture induced an abrupt increase in the PA signal amplitude. The integrated PUT and PAS system can significantly improve the safety and effectiveness of PUT, and may assist with clinical translation of this novel antimicrovascular technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, P. R. China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Zizhong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Hazlewood D, Yang X. Enhanced laser surface ablation with an integrated photoacoustic imaging and high intensity focused ultrasound system. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:616-624. [PMID: 30860297 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Combined laser and ultrasound treatments have been found to have synergistic effects, which may be of particular note in dermatology. We aim to investigate the potential of this technology for dermatology through in vitro and ex vivo experiments. METHODS In vitro tissue phantoms made of agar and tattoo ink and tattooed ex vivo chicken breast tissue were used. An integrated photoacoustic imaging and high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) system, using a 5-ns tunable OPO laser system and a 5 MHz HIFU transducer, was used to perform photoacoustic analysis to identify the optical contrast, and perform combined laser and ultrasound ablation. On the tissue phantoms, lines of ablation were created under various operating conditions. The samples were then quantified to determine the level of ablation. Same procedures were performed on the tattooed chicken breast tissue and the tattoo was removed by using combined laser and ultrasound. RESULTS Ablation in the in vitro tissue phantoms was observed with properly synchronized laser and ultrasound while no ablation was found with either laser or ultrasound alone. Increases to the intensity or pulse duration of ultrasound caused an increase in ablation to the samples. The tattoo was removed from the ex vivo chicken breast using combined laser and ultrasound with a radiant exposure of 1.2 J/cm2 while laser and ultrasound alone were unable to remove the tattoo. CONCLUSIONS We determined that by supplementing nanosecond laser pulses with ultrasound, ablation, and tattoo removal can be achieved at laser radiant exposures levels would otherwise be ineffective. The area of ablation can be adjusted through changes in the intensity and duration of the ultrasound burst with a constant laser intensity. Additionally, the system can be used to perform photoacoustic analysis of the tissue to estimate the relative optical absorbance at various available wavelengths, allowing for pretreatment analysis. Lasers Surg. Med. 9999:1-9, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hazlewood
- Bioengineering Program and Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Bioengineering Program and Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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9
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Hazlewood D, Feng Y, Lu Q, Wang J, Yang X. Treatment of post-traumatic joint contracture in a rabbit model using pulsed, high intensity laser and ultrasound. Phys Med Biol 2018; 63:205009. [PMID: 30196275 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aadff0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic joint contracture induced by scar tissues following a surgery or injury can leave patients in a permanent state of pain and disability, which is difficult to resolve by current treatments. This randomized controlled trial examines the therapeutic effect of pulsed high-intensity laser (PHIL) and pulsed high-intensity focused ultrasound (PHIFU) for post-traumatic joint contracture due to arthrofibrosis. The peak power levels of both PHIL and PHIFU are much higher than that of laser or ultrasound currently used in physical therapy, while short pulses are utilized to prevent damage. To test the effectiveness of these treatments, a rabbit knee model for joint contracture was established. Twenty-one rabbits were split into four groups: untreated control (n = 5), PHIL (n = 5), PHIFU (n = 5), and a PHIL + PHIFU group (n = 6). Maximum extension of the surgically modified rabbit knee was compared to that of the contralateral control knee over the course of 16 weeks. The rabbits in the untreated control group maintained a relatively consistent level of joint contracture, while every rabbit in each of the treatment groups had improved range of motion, eventually leading to a restoration of normal joint extension. Average recovery time was 7.6 ± 1.5 weeks for the PHIL treatment group, 9.8 ± 3.7 weeks for the PHIFU group, and 8.0 ± 2.2 weeks for the combined treatment group. Histopathology demonstrated reduced density and accelerated resorption of scar tissues in the treated knee joints. This study provides evidence that both PHIL and PHIFU are effective in treating post-traumatic joint contracture in rabbits and warrant further investigation into the underlying mechanisms to optimize PHIL and PHIFU based treatments in a larger number of animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hazlewood
- Bioengineering Program and Institute for Bioengineering Research, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States of America
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Zhang H, Xie X, Li J, Qin Y, Zhang W, Cheng Q, Yuan S, Liu Q, Paulus YM, Wang X, Yang X. Removal of choroidal vasculature using concurrently applied ultrasound bursts and nanosecond laser pulses. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12848. [PMID: 30150731 PMCID: PMC6110758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31045-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathologic microvasculature plays a crucial role in innumerable diseases causing death and major organ impairment. A major clinical challenge is the development of selective therapies to remove these diseased microvessels without damaging surrounding tissue. This report describes our development of novel photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT) technology for precisely removing choroidal blood vessels in the eye. PUT selectively removes microvessels by concurrently applying nanosecond laser pulses with ultrasound bursts. In PUT experiments on rabbit eyes in vivo, we applied 55-75 mJ/cm2 of light fluence at the retinochoroidal surface at 532-nm and 0.5 MPa of ultrasound pressure at 0.5 MHz. PUT resulted in significantly reduced blood perfusion in the choroidal layer which persisted to four weeks without causing collateral tissue damage, demonstrating that PUT is capable of removing choroidal microvasculature safely and effectively. With its unique advantages, PUT holds potential for the clinical management of eye diseases associated with microvessels and neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haonan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinyi Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yu Qin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qian Cheng
- Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Songtao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. .,Institute of Acoustics, School of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Institute for Bioengineering Research and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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11
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Nguyen VP, Oh J, Park S, Wook Kang H. Feasibility of photoacoustic evaluations on dual-thermal treatment of ex vivo bladder tumors. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2017; 10:577-588. [PMID: 27136046 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201600045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A variety of thermal therapeutic methods have been investigated to treat bladder tumors but often cause bowel injury and bladder wall perforation due to high treatment dosage and limited clinical margins. The objective of the current study is to develop a dual-thermal modality to deeply coagulate the bladder tumors at low thermal dosage and to evaluate therapeutic outcomes with high contrast photoacoustic imaging (PAI). High intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is combined with 532 nm laser light to enhance therapeutic depth during thermal treatments on artificial tumor-injected bladder tissue ex vivo. PAI is employed to identify the margins of the tumors pre- and post-treatments. The dual-thermal modality achieves 3- and 1.8-fold higher transient temperature changes and 2.2- and 1.5-fold deeper tissue denaturation than laser and HIFU, respectively. PAI vividly identifies the position of the injected tumor and entails approximately 7.9 times higher image contrast from the coagulated tumor as that from the untreated tumor. Spectroscopic analysis exhibits that both 740 nm and 760 nm attains the maximum photoacoustic amplitudes from the treated areas. The proposed PAI-guided dual-thermal treatments (laser and HIFU) treatments can be a feasible therapeutic modality to treat bladder tumors in a controlled and efficient manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Phuc Nguyen
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
| | - Suhyun Park
- Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology, Samsung Electronics, Suwon, 443-803, South Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Interdisciplinary Program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Marine-Integrated Biomedical Technology (BK 21 Plus), Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea
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12
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Hu Z, Zhang H, Mordovanakis A, Paulus YM, Liu Q, Wang X, Yang X. High-precision, non-invasive anti-microvascular approach via concurrent ultrasound and laser irradiation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40243. [PMID: 28074839 PMCID: PMC5225605 DOI: 10.1038/srep40243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antivascular therapy represents a proven strategy to treat angiogenesis. By applying synchronized ultrasound bursts and nanosecond laser irradiation, we developed a novel, selective, non-invasive, localized antivascular method, termed photo-mediated ultrasound therapy (PUT). PUT takes advantage of the high native optical contrast among biological tissues and can treat microvessels without causing collateral damage to the surrounding tissue. In a chicken yolk sac membrane model, under the same ultrasound parameters (1 MHz at 0.45 MPa and 10 Hz with 10% duty cycle), PUT with 4 mJ/cm2 and 6 mJ/cm2 laser fluence induced 51% (p = 0.001) and 37% (p = 0.018) vessel diameter reductions respectively. With 8 mJ/cm2 laser fluence, PUT would yield vessel disruption (90%, p < 0.01). Selectivity of PUT was demonstrated by utilizing laser wavelengths at 578 nm or 650 nm, where PUT selectively shrank veins or occluded arteries. In a rabbit ear model, PUT induced a 68.5% reduction in blood perfusion after 7 days (p < 0.001) without damaging the surrounding cells. In vitro experiments in human blood suggested that cavitation may play a role in PUT. In conclusion, PUT holds significant promise as a novel non-invasive antivascular method with the capability to precisely target blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhong Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Haonan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Institute of Acoustics, Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Aghapi Mordovanakis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yannis M Paulus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Xueding Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- Bioengineering Research Center and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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13
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Jo J, Yang X. Laser-enhanced high-intensity focused ultrasound heating in an in vivo small animal model. APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 2016; 109:213702. [PMID: 27965517 PMCID: PMC5123994 DOI: 10.1063/1.4968509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The enhanced heating effect during the combination of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) and low-optical-fluence laser illumination was investigated by using an in vivo murine animal model. The thighs of murine animals were synergistically irradiated by HIFU and pulsed nano-second laser light. The temperature increases in the target region were measured by a thermocouple under different HIFU pressures, which were 6.2, 7.9, and 9.8 MPa, in combination with 20 mJ/cm2 laser exposures at 532 nm wavelength. In comparison with conventional laser therapies, the laser fluence used here is at least one order of magnitude lower. The results showed that laser illumination could enhance temperature during HIFU applications. Additionally, cavitation activity was enhanced when laser and HIFU irradiation were concurrently used. Further, a theoretical simulation showed that the inertial cavitation threshold was indeed decreased when laser and HIFU irradiation were utilized concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janggun Jo
- KU Bioengineering Research Center and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas , 1530 W. 15th Street, 5109 Learned Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Xinmai Yang
- KU Bioengineering Research Center and Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas , 1530 W. 15th Street, 5109 Learned Hall, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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14
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Abstract
Thrombo-occlusive disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. In this chapter, the use of ultrasound to accelerate clot breakdown alone or in combination with thrombolytic drugs will be reported. Primary thrombus formation during cardiovascular disease and standard treatment methods will be discussed. Mechanisms for ultrasound enhancement of thrombolysis, including thermal heating, radiation force, and cavitation, will be reviewed. Finally, in-vitro, in-vivo and clinical evidence of enhanced thrombolytic efficacy with ultrasound will be presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth B Bader
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Guillaume Bouchoux
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Christy K Holland
- Division of Cardiovascular Health and Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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15
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Qin D, Feng Y, Wan M. Modeling photoacoustic cavitation nucleation and bubble dynamics with modified classical nucleation theory. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2015; 138:1282-1289. [PMID: 26428766 DOI: 10.1121/1.4928302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Photoacoustic cavitation (PAC) is the formation of bubbles in liquids using a focused laser and a pre-established ultrasound synchronously. The decreased threshold of each modality and the precise location of cavitation determined by the focused laser are both significant in the targeted theranostics. In this study, PAC nucleation was described using the modified classical nucleation theory by Kashchiev's scaling function. A two-stage model of the PAC bubble dynamics was presented based on the two different bubble behaviors. It was clarified that both negative acoustic pressure and laser-induced temperature rise, resulting in the decrease in critical radius and the increase in nucleation rate, and thereby contribute to the increase in nucleation probability in the confocal region. Ultrasound determined the whole PAC bubble dynamics with temperature-dependent parameters, while the laser mainly contributed to its initial conditions. Moreover, the effects of certain parameters on PAC were further discussed, including the relative acoustic phase when a laser is introduced (φ), laser pulse duration (τ(L)), laser focus radius (R(f)), and ultrasound amplitude (P(A)). The model would be helpful in understanding the PAC process and further in introducing PAC to potential targeted theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dui Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxi Wan
- The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, People's Republic of China
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