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Liu X, Sun C, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Shang J, Zhong Z, Zhu X, Yu X, Li RW. A flexible dual-gate hetero-synaptic transistor for spatiotemporal information processing. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2022; 4:2412-2419. [PMID: 36134138 PMCID: PMC9417048 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00146b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Artificial synapses based on electrolyte gated transistors with conductance modulation characteristics have demonstrated their great potential in emulating the memory functions in the human brain for neuromorphic computing. While previous studies are mostly focused on the emulation of the basic memory functions of homo-synapses using single-gate transistors, multi-gate transistors offer opportunities for the mimicry of more complex and advanced memory formation behaviors in biological hetero-synapses. In this work, we demonstrate an artificial hetero-synapse based on a dual-gate electrolyte transistor that can implement in situ spatiotemporal information integration and storage. We show that electric pulses applied on a single gate or unsynchronized electric pulses applied on dual gates only induce volatile conductance modulation for short-term memory emulation. In contrast, the device integrates the electric pulses coincidently applied on the dual gates in a supralinear manner and exhibits nonvolatile conductance modulation, enabling long-term memory emulation. Further studies prove that artificial neural networks based on such hetero-synaptic transistors can autonomously filter the random noise signals in the dual-gate inputs during spatiotemporal integration, facilitating the formation of accurate and stable memory. Compared to the single-gate synaptic transistor, the classification accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits using the hetero-synaptic transistor is improved from 89.3% to 99.0%. These findings demonstrate the great potential of multi-gate hetero-synaptic transistors in simulating complex spatiotemporal information processing functions and provide new platforms for the design of advanced neuromorphic computing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Liu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Cui Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhecheng Guo
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Yuejun Zhang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Ningbo University Ningbo 315211 China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanxi Normal University 339 Taiyu Road Taiyuan 030024 China
| | - Jie Shang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Xiaojian Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
| | - Xue Yu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology Kunming 650093 China
| | - Run-Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo 315201 China
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Gorelik VS, Abdurakhmonov SD. Overtone Raman Scattering in Lithium Niobate Single Crystals Doped with Terbium. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521060110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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3
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Grey JK. Resonance Raman Spectroscopy and Imaging of Franck-Condon Vibrational Activity and Morphology in Conjugated Polymers for Solar Cells. Acc Chem Res 2019; 52:2221-2231. [PMID: 31369235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Vibrational reorganization influences photophysical outcomes in conjugated polymers used as active materials for optoelectronic devices. Excited state geometric rearrangements typically involve many displaced vibrations, yet most materials design schemes rely solely on pure electronic models with limited predictive capability. Although the coupling of vibrational motions to electronic processes occurs over a broad range of time scales, resolving structural displacements immediately following photon absorption can be particularly insightful for understanding the intrinsic stabilities of excited states. These Franck-Condon vibrational relaxation processes occur on time scales of <1 ps in polymers and mainly involve high-frequency skeletal motions. Establishing correlations between Franck-Condon vibrational reorganization and steady-state material properties could generate new avenues for informing materials design, which is especially important in the fast-paced field of organic photovoltaics (OPV) where seemingly elegant strategies often fail but molecular-level insights are usually lacking. The goal of this Account is to highlight relationships between molecular structure, packing, and vibrational reorganization in OPV systems, such as blends of conjugated polymers with fullerenes. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a sensitive probe of Franck-Condon activity in OPV materials, and signals are bolstered by large resonance enhancements and low backgrounds from quantitative fluorescence quenching. Our group has undertaken extensive RRS investigations of heterogeneous OPV materials in functioning device environments to uncover new insights of the multidimensional excited state potential energy landscape and fluctuations with local morphology. Time-dependent quantum mechanical approaches facilitate this effort by providing an intuitive theoretical framework to access dynamical perspectives of Raman transitions. Moreover, dynamics regimes of Franck-Condon excited state structural evolution can be selected simply by tuning excitation energies. This excitation detuning approach also reveals structurally and electronically distinct conformers with unique Franck-Condon signatures typically concealed under inhomogeneously broadened absorption line shapes. Interestingly, long and rich progressions of overtone and combination transitions-rare for large molecules with multiple displaced modes-are frequently resolved that exhibit strong sensitivity to the local chromophore environment. These harmonic features encode useful dynamics information by serving as internal "clocks" of Franck-Condon vibrational activity in addition to enabling quantitative estimates of mode-specific displacements. RRS attributes may be further exploited to perform noninvasive imaging of functioning OPV devices in concert with variable frequency electrical imaging probes. This approach generates direct spatial correlations between morphology-dependent Franck-Condon vibrational activity and material performance metrics (e.g., photocurrent generation) on submicrometer size scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K. Grey
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, United States
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Lukose B, Bobbili SV, Clancy P. Factors affecting tacticity and aggregation of P3HT polymers in P3HT:PCBM blends. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1303688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Binit Lukose
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Sai Vineeth Bobbili
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Paulette Clancy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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van den Berg M, Back J, Horneber A, Meixner M, Swider K, Ludwigs S, Zhang D. Determination of the Local Morphology within Individual Polymer Domains. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius van den Berg
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Justus Back
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anke Horneber
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Meixner
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Swider
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- Institute
of Polymer Chemistry, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 55, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dai Zhang
- Institute
for Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 15, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Bragg AE, Yu W, Zhou J, Magnanelli T. Ultrafast Raman Spectroscopy as a Probe of Local Structure and Dynamics in Photoexcited Conjugated Materials. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:3990-4000. [PMID: 27681200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An important challenge in the study of conjugated organic materials is to relate the properties of transient states underlying macroscopic material responses directly with intra- and intermolecular structure. We discuss recent efforts using the vibrational sensitivity of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy to interrogate structural properties of transient excited and charge-separated states in conjugated oligomers and polymers in order to relate them to molecular conformations and material microstructures. We focus on recent work with excited-state Raman spectroscopy that provides mode-specific signatures of structural relaxation in oligo- and polythiophenes, examination of structural heterogeneities associated with exciton localization in different structural motifs of amorphous polymers, and interrogation of correlations between microstructure and properties and dynamics of charge-separated states within polymer aggregates. On the basis of these recent efforts, we provide an outlook for further applying this method to elucidate relationships between the structure and properties of transient states and the photoresponses of conjugated materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur E Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Wenjian Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Jiawang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Timothy Magnanelli
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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7
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McLeod JA, Pitman AL, Kurmaev EZ, Finkelstein LD, Zhidkov IS, Savva A, Moewes A. Linking the HOMO-LUMO gap to torsional disorder in P3HT/PCBM blends. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:224704. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4936898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- John A. McLeod
- College of Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 199 Ren-Ai Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Amy L. Pitman
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Ernst Z. Kurmaev
- Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences–Ural Division, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | - Larisa D. Finkelstein
- Institute of Metal Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences–Ural Division, 620990 Yekaterinburg, Russia
| | | | - Achilleas Savva
- Molecular Electronics and Photonics Research Unit, Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Kitiou Kiprianou St. 45, 3603 Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Alexander Moewes
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
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Rodríguez-Rodríguez Á, Rebollar E, Soccio M, Ezquerra TA, Rueda DR, Garcia-Ramos JV, Castillejo M, Garcia-Gutierrez MC. Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures on Conjugated Polymers: Poly(3-hexylthiophene). Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b00804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Rebollar
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Michelina Soccio
- Dipartimento
di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica, Ambientale e dei Materiali, DICAM-Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131 Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiberio A. Ezquerra
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel R. Rueda
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM-CSIC), Serrano 121, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Castillejo
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano (IQFR-CSIC), Serrano 119, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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Donohoo-Vallett PJ, Bragg AE. π-Delocalization and the Vibrational Spectroscopy of Conjugated Materials: Computational Insights on Raman Frequency Dispersion in Thiophene, Furan, and Pyrrole Oligomers. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3583-94. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512693e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul J. Donohoo-Vallett
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
| | - Arthur E. Bragg
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, United States
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10
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Direct observation of ultrafast long-range charge separation at polymer–fullerene heterojunctions. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4288. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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