Influence of the surface charge on the homogeneity of colloidal crystals

Evolution of concentration and phase structure of colloidal suspensions in a two-ends-open tube during drying process

We investigated the evolution of concentration and phase structure of colloidal suspensions in a two-ends-open tube during drying process. The volume fraction and crystal structure of suspension in the capillary tube were determined by reflection spectrometer during drying process. Our experimental results show: (a) evaporation takes place in two directions of the tube, though much stronger in one direction than the other; (b) during drying process, colloidal suspension column along the tube can be divided into four regions, namely, the close packed region, concentrated region, initial concentration region and dilution region. A new model describing the evolution of concentration profile was proposed and the calculated results based on the model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. According to solute conservation, we also present a simple way to estimate the concentration of close packed region.