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Cyraniak A, Faron D, Freza S, Anusiewicz I, Skurski P. Superhalogen Anions Supported by the Systems Comprising Alternately Aligned Boron and Nitrogen Central Atoms. Front Chem 2022; 10:863408. [PMID: 35529695 PMCID: PMC9068874 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.863408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using DFT/(B3LYP/wB97XD/B2PLYPD) and OVGF electronic structure methods with flexible atomic orbital basis sets, we examined the series of polynuclear superhalogen anions matching the (BF3(BN) n F4n+1)- formula (for n = 1-10,13,18-20) containing alternately aligned boron and nitrogen central atoms decorated with fluorine ligands. It was found that the equilibrium structures of these anions correspond to fully extended chains (with each B and N central atom surrounded by four substituents arranged in a tetrahedral manner) and thus mimic the globally stable fully extended (all-trans) conformations of higher n-alkanes. The vertical electron detachment energies of the (BF3(BN) n F4n+1)- anions were found to exceed 8 eV in all cases and gradually increase with the increasing number of n. The approximate limiting value of vertical electron binding energy that could be achieved for such polynuclear superhalogen anions was estimated as equal to ca. 10.7 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianna Cyraniak
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Faron
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Freza
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Iwona Anusiewicz
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Skurski
- Laboratory of Quantum Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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Gutsev GL, Tibbetts KM, Gutsev LG, Ramachandran BR. Superhalogens Among 3 d-Metal Compounds: MF 4, MF 6, MF 12, and MF 18 ( M = Sc-Zn). J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:4409-4419. [PMID: 33979167 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ground states of the neutral and anionic tetrafluoride and hexafluoride series of 3d-metal atoms from Sc to Zn were assigned by using a double-check approach in which the pure and hybrid density functional methods were interchangeably used. It was confirmed that all these neutral fluorides are superhalogens except for TiF4. The electron affinities of the hexafluorides were shown to be consistently higher than those of the tetrafluorides in accordance with the superhalogen conception of the extra electron delocalization over a larger number of the electronegative ligands. In the search for mononuclear fluorides possessing higher electron affinities, we considered the M(F2)6- and M(F3)6- series where M = Sc-Zn. We found that the optimized geometrical structures in both series may be described as MF6-- k(F2), k = 3 and 6, of which the geometry of the MF6- core mimics that of the corresponding hexafluoride anion and the F2 dimers are kept in a bound state by polarizing forces. In these cases, the electron affinity is decreased by tenths of eV with respect to the electron affinity of the core hexafluorides due to a confinement of the extra electron by the F2 environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gennady L Gutsev
- Department of Physics, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, United States
| | - Katharine M Tibbetts
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284, United States
| | - Lavrenty G Gutsev
- Institute for Problems of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICP RAS), Semenov prospect 1, Chernogolovka, 142432, Russia.,Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
| | - Bala R Ramachandran
- Institute for Micromanufacturing, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, United States
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Xu J, Li M, Xu S, Pei G, Kong C, Ren X, Yang Z, Yang T, Zhou J, Hou GL. Designing stable closo-B 12 dianions in silico for Li- and Mg-ion battery applications. Inorg Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qi00994j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structures and key factors controlling the stability of [B12(ECX)12]2− were revealed. Their good stability and weak binding property towards Li+ and Mg2+ suggest their potential application in Li- and Mg-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhi Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mengyang Li
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Song Xu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gerui Pei
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuncai Kong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xueguang Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhimao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tao Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Center for Alloy Innovation and Design, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Non-Equilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- Quantum Solid-State Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200D, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
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Hou GL, Wang XB. Molecular Specificity and Proton Transfer Mechanisms in Aerosol Prenucleation Clusters Relevant to New Particle Formation. Acc Chem Res 2020; 53:2816-2827. [PMID: 33108162 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosol particles influence the Earth's radiative energy balance and cloud properties, thus impacting the air quality, human health, and Earth's climate change. Because of the important scientific and overarching practical implications of aerosols, the past two decades have seen extensive research efforts, with emphasis on the chemical compositions and underlying mechanisms of aerosol formation. It has been recognized that new particle formation (NPF) contributes up to 50% of atmospheric aerosols. Nowadays, the general consensus is that NPF proceeds via two distinct stages: the nucleation from gaseous precursors to form critical nuclei of sub-1-2 nm size, and the subsequent growth into large particles. However, a fundamental understanding of both the NPF process and molecular-level characterization of the critical size aerosol clusters is still largely missing, hampering the efforts in developing reliable and predictive aerosol nucleation and climate models.Both field measurements and laboratory experiments have gathered convincing evidence about the importance of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in enhancing the nucleation and growth of aerosol particles. Numerous and abundant small clusters composed of sulfuric acid or bisulfate ion and organic molecules have been shown to exist in ∼2 nm sized aerosol particles. In particular, kinetic studies indicated the formation of clusters with one H2SO4 and one or two organics being the rate-limiting step.This Account discusses our effort in developing an integrated approach, which involves the laboratory cluster synthesis via electrospray ionization, size and composition analysis via mass spectrometry, photoelectron spectroscopic characterization, and quantum mechanics based theoretical modeling, to investigate the structures, energetics, and thermodynamics of the aerosol prenucleation clusters relevant to NPF. We have been focusing on the clusters formed between H2SO4 or HSO4- and the organics from oxidation of both biogenic and anthropogenic emissions. We illustrated the significant thermodynamic advantage by involving organic acids in the formation and growth of aerosol clusters. We revealed that the functional groups in the organics play critical roles in promoting NPF process. The enhanced roles were quantified explicitly for specific functional groups, establishing a Molecular Scale that ranks highly hierarchic intermolecular interactions critical to aerosol formation. The different cluster formation pathways, probably mimicking the various polluted industrial environments, that involve cis-pinonic and cis-pinic acids were unveiled as well. Furthermore, one intriguing fundamental phenomenon on the unusual protonation pattern, which violates the gas-phase acidity (proton affinity) prediction, was discovered to be common in sulfuric acid-organic clusters. The mechanism underlying the phenomenon has been rationalized by employing the temperature-dependent experiments of sulfuric acid-formate/halide model clusters, which could explain the high stability of the sulfuric acid containing aerosol clusters. Our work provides critical molecular-level information to shed light on the initial steps of nucleation of common atmospheric precursors and benchmarks critical data for large-scale theoretical modeling to further address problems of environmental interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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5
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Potassium iodide cluster based superhalogens and superalkalis: Theoretical calculations and experimental confirmation. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hou GL, Wang XB. Spectroscopic Signature of Proton Location in Proton Bound HSO 4-·H +·X - (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6714-6719. [PMID: 31609627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer plays a vital role in a variety of chemical and biological processes. The proton location in proton bound clusters, specifically, in the anions of HSO4-·H+·X- (X = F, Cl, Br, and I), has been studied by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio theoretical calculations. The measured photoelectron spectra of HSO4-·H+·X- (X = Cl, Br, and I) closely resemble those of X- by simply shifting to higher electron binding energies, suggesting that X- is the chromophore of the electron photodetachment, a fact clearly violating gas-phase acidity predictions. However, in the X = F case, the spectrum of HSO4-·H+·F- is more similar to that of HSO4-, indicating that H+ stays with F- and that the HSO4- moiety carries the extra electron. Accompanying theoretical analyses are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements and observations. This work provides direct spectroscopic evidence of the proton locations, clearly showing cases in which proton affinities of the constituent bases cannot correctly predict the right chemistry involving proton transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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Chang XT, Li Y, Liu JY, Ma HD, Wu D. Noble gas insertion compounds of hydrogenated and lithiated hyperhalogens. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:20156-20165. [PMID: 31483426 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01284b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, hydrogenated hyperhalogen HM(BO2)2, lithiated hyperhalogen LiM(BO2)2 (M = Cu, Ag, Au), and their compounds with xenon were studied. Different insertion sites of Xe resulted in various isomers. According to the natural population analysis, the Xe atom donated 0.12-0.77 electrons to HM(BO2)2 and 0.14-0.41 electrons to LiM(BO2)2 when they combined, leading to metastable charge-transfer compounds in most cases. The nature of bonding between xenon and HM(BO2)2/LiM(BO2)2 was found to be related to its location. Covalent bonds were formed when Xe bound with hydrogen atoms, as indicated by the large Wiberg bond indices of the Xe-H bonds. The same was true for most Xe-M bondings. When an Xe-O connection was formed, it was either an ionic or van der Waals force in nature depending on the specific structural feature of the isomer. A parallel study on hyperhalogen-supported Ar and Kr compounds indicated that they were not very stable and were less likely to exist at room temperature, which was in accordance with the high inertness of both Ar and Kr atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Chang
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, P. R. China.
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Qin Z, Hou GL, Yang Z, Valiev M, Wang XB. Negative ion photoelectron spectra of ISO 3-, IS 2O 3-, and IS 2O 4- intermediates formed in interfacial reactions of ozone and iodide/sulfite aqueous microdroplets. J Chem Phys 2018; 145:214310. [PMID: 28799338 DOI: 10.1063/1.4969076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Three short-lived, anionic intermediates, ISO3-, IS2O3-, and IS2O4-, are detected during reactions between ozone and aqueous iodine/sulfur oxide microdroplets. These species may play an important role in ozone-driven inorganic aerosol formation; however their chemical properties remain largely unknown. This is the issue addressed in this work using negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy (NIPES) and ab initio modeling. The NIPE spectra reveal that all of the three anionic species are characterized by high adiabatic detachment energies (ADEs) - 4.62 ± 0.10, 4.52 ± 0.10, and 4.60 ± 0.10 eV for ISO3-, IS2O3-, and IS2O4-, respectively. Vibrational progressions with frequencies assigned to the S-O symmetric stretching modes are discernable in the ground state transition features. Density functional theory calculations show the presence of several low-lying isomers involving different bonding scenarios. Further analysis based on high level CCSD(T) calculations reveal that the lowest energy structures are characterized by the formation of I-S and S-S bonds and can be structurally viewed as SO3 linked with I, IS, and ISO for ISO3-, IS2O3-, and IS2O4-, respectively. The calculated ADEs and vertical detachment energies are in excellent agreement with the experimental results, further supporting the identified minimum energy structures. The obtained intrinsic molecular properties of these anionic intermediates and neutral radicals should be useful to help understand their photochemical reactions in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengbo Qin
- Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology Laboratory, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
| | - Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Zheng Yang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Marat Valiev
- Environmental Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Shukla DV, Srivastava AK, Misra N. Density functional study on the evolution of superhalogen properties in VOn (n = 1–5) species. MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-170232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Neeraj Misra
- Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
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Liu JY, Ma HD, Sun YB, Li Y, Sun WM, Wu D, Li ZR. Hyperhalogen properties of early-transition-metal borates. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10238k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The hyperhalogen character of three series of early-transition-metal borates has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Liu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Hai-Di Ma
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Yan-bo Sun
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Wei-Ming Sun
- Department of Basic Chemistry
- The School of Pharmacy
- Fujian Medical University
- Fuzhou 350108
- China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
| | - Zhi-Ru Li
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry
- Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130023
- China
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The adsorption of ethynyl on bimetallic AlCo0/− (n= 1–5) clusters: Density functional calculations. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2016.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhao X, Liu W, Wang J, Li C, Yuan G. Theoretical study of ‘Mixed’ ligands superhalogens: Cl–M–NO3 (M = Li, Na, K). Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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13
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Hou GL, Li LJ, Li SH, Sun ZM, Gao X, Wang XB. Regioisomer-specific electron affinities and electronic structures of C70para-adducts at polar and equatorial positions with (bromo)benzyl radicals: photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:18683-6. [PMID: 27375165 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03978b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy shows interesting regioisomer-specific electron affinities (EAs) of 2,5- and 7,23-para-adducts of C70 [(ArCH2)2C70] (Ar = Ph, o-, m-, and p-BrC6H4). Their EA values are larger than that of C70 by 5-150 meV with the 2,5-polar adducts' EAs being higher than their corresponding 7,23-equatorial counterparts, exhibiting appreciable EA tunable ranges and regioisomeric specificity. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reproduce both the experimental EA values and EA trends very well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, P. O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
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Hou GL, Feng G, Zhao LJ, Xu HG, Zheng WJ. Structures and Electronic Properties of (KI)n–/0 (n = 1–4) and K(KI)n–/0 (n = 1–3) Clusters: Photoelectron Spectroscopy, Isomer-Depletion, and ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11154-61. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction
Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gang Feng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction
Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Li-Juan Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction
Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Hong-Guang Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction
Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei-Jun Zheng
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction
Dynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Yuan J, Wang S, Si Y, Yang B, Chen H. Investigation of ternary ConCN−1/0 (n = 1–5) clusters by density functional calculations. Dalton Trans 2014; 43:5516-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3dt52728j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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