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Jangir H, Hickman JJ. Mimicking the Tendon Microenvironment to Enhance Skeletal Muscle Adhesion and Longevity in a Functional Microcantilever Platform. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2023; 9:4698-4708. [PMID: 37462389 PMCID: PMC10430766 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c00235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Microcantilever platforms are functional models for studying skeletal muscle force dynamics in vitro. However, the contractile force generated by the myotubes can cause them to detach from the cantilevers, especially during long-term experiments, thus impeding the chronic investigations of skeletal muscles for drug efficacy and toxicity. To improve the integration of myotubes with microcantilevers, we drew inspiration from the elastomeric proteins, elastin and resilin, that are present in the animal and insect worlds, respectively. The spring action of these proteins plays a critical role in force dampening in vivo. In animals, elastin is present in the collagenous matrix of the tendon which is the attachment point of muscles to bones. The tendon microenvironment consists of elastin, collagen, and an aqueous jelly-like mass of proteoglycans. In an attempt to mimic this tendon microenvironment, elastin, collagen, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and hyaluronic acid were deposited on a positively charged silane substrate. This enabled the long-term survival of mechanically active myotubes on glass and silicon microcantilevers for over 28 days. The skeletal muscle cultures were derived from both primary and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human skeletal muscles. Both types of myoblasts formed myotubes which survived for five weeks. Primary skeletal muscles and iPSC-derived skeletal muscles also showed a similar trend in fatigue index values. Upon integration with the microcantilever system, the primary muscle and iPSC-derived myotubes were tested successively over a one month period, thus paving the way for long-term chronic experiments on these systems for both drug efficacy and toxicity studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Jangir
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Pkwy, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - James J. Hickman
- Nanoscience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Pkwy, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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2
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Vesga-Castro C, Aldazabal J, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Paredes J. Contractile force assessment methods for in vitro skeletal muscle tissues. eLife 2022; 11:e77204. [PMID: 35604384 PMCID: PMC9126583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, there has been growing interest in measuring the contractile force (CF) of engineered muscle tissues to evaluate their functionality. However, there are still no standards available for selecting the most suitable experimental platform, measuring system, culture protocol, or stimulation patterns. Consequently, the high variability of published data hinders any comparison between different studies. We have identified that cantilever deflection, post deflection, and force transducers are the most commonly used configurations for CF assessment in 2D and 3D models. Additionally, we have discussed the most relevant emerging technologies that would greatly complement CF evaluation with intracellular and localized analysis. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the most significant advances in CF evaluation and its critical parameters. In order to compare contractile performance across experimental platforms, we have used the specific force (sF, kN/m2), CF normalized to the calculated cross-sectional area (CSA). However, this parameter presents a high variability throughout the different studies, which indicates the need to identify additional parameters and complementary analysis suitable for proper comparison. We propose that future contractility studies in skeletal muscle constructs report detailed information about construct size, contractile area, maturity level, sarcomere length, and, ideally, the tetanus-to-twitch ratio. These studies will hopefully shed light on the relative impact of these variables on muscle force performance of engineered muscle constructs. Prospective advances in muscle tissue engineering, particularly in muscle disease models, will require a joint effort to develop standardized methodologies for assessing CF of engineered muscle tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Vesga-Castro
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
| | - Javier Aldazabal
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
| | - Ainara Vallejo-Illarramendi
- Group of Neurosciences, Department of Pediatrics, UPV/EHU, Hospital Donostia - IIS BiodonostiaSan SebastianSpain
- CIBERNED, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministry of Science, Innovation, and UniversitiesMadridSpain
| | - Jacobo Paredes
- University of Navarra, Tecnun School of Engineering, Manuel de LardizábalSan SebastianSpain
- University of Navarra, Biomedical Engineering Center, Campus UniversitarioPamplonaSpain
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3
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Dong M, Oyunbaatar NE, Kanade PP, Kim DS, Lee DW. Real-Time Monitoring of Changes in Cardiac Contractility Using Silicon Cantilever Arrays Integrated with Strain Sensors. ACS Sens 2021; 6:3556-3563. [PMID: 34554741 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This paper proposes the use of sensor-integrated silicon cantilever arrays to measure drug-induced cardiac toxicity in real time. The proposed cantilever sensors, unlike the conventional electrophysiological methods, aim to evaluate cardiac toxicity by measuring the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes corresponding to the target drugs. The surface of the silicon cantilever consists of microgrooves to maximize the alignment and the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes. This type of surface pattern also helps in the maturation of the cardiomyocytes by increasing the sarcomere length. The preliminary characterization of the cantilever sensors was performed on the cantilever surface, with the cardiomyocytes seeded with a density of 1000 cells/mm2, and the cardiac contractility was measured as a function of the culture days. The change in the contraction force of the cardiomyocytes due to the drug concentration was successfully measured through the integrated strain sensor in the culture media. The reliability of the sensor-integrated cantilevers and the feasibility of their mass production ensure that they meet the practical requirements in the medical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Dong
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Nomin-Erdene Oyunbaatar
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Pooja P. Kanade
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Su Kim
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Dong-Weon Lee
- MEMS and Nanotechnology Laboratory, School of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Center for Next Generation Sensor Research and Development, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
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4
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Sasserath T, Rumsey JW, McAleer CW, Bridges LR, Long CJ, Elbrecht D, Schuler F, Roth A, Bertinetti‐LaPatki C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Differential Monocyte Actuation in a Three-Organ Functional Innate Immune System-on-a-Chip. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2000323. [PMID: 32670763 PMCID: PMC7341107 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202000323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A functional, human, multiorgan, pumpless, immune system-on-a-chip featuring recirculating THP-1 immune cells with cardiomyocytes, skeletal muscle, and liver in separate compartments in a serum-free medium is developed. This in vitro platform can emulate both a targeted immune response to tissue-specific damage, and holistic proinflammatory immune response to proinflammatory compound exposure. The targeted response features fluorescently labeled THP-1 monocytes selectively infiltrating into an amiodarone-damaged cardiac module and changes in contractile force measurements without immune-activated damage to the other organ modules. In contrast to the targeted immune response, general proinflammatory treatment of immune human-on-a-chip systems with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ) causes nonselective damage to cells in all three-organ compartments. Biomarker analysis indicates upregulation of the proinflammation cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, MIP-1, MCP-1, and RANTES in response to LPS + IFN-γ treatment indicative of the M1 macrophage phenotype, whereas amiodarone treatment only leads to an increase in the restorative cytokine IL-6 which is a marker for the M2 phenotype. This system can be used as an alternative to humanized animal models to determine direct immunological effects of biological therapeutics including monoclonal antibodies, vaccines, and gene therapies, and the indirect effects caused by cytokine release from target tissues in response to a drug's pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | - John W. Rumsey
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | | | | | | | - Daniel Elbrecht
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
| | - Franz Schuler
- Hoffmann‐La RochePharmaceuticals DivisionBldg 73, Rm 117bBasel4070Switzerland
| | - Adrian Roth
- Hoffmann‐La RochePharmaceuticals DivisionBldg 73, Rm 117bBasel4070Switzerland
| | | | | | - James J. Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc.12501 Research Parkway, Suite 100OrlandoFL32826USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400OrlandoFL32826USA
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5
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Colón A, Badu-Mensah A, Guo X, Goswami A, Hickman JJ. Differentiation of Intrafusal Fibers from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1085-1092. [PMID: 32159941 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Human-based "body-on-a-chip" technology provides powerful platforms in developing models for drug evaluation and disease evaluations in phenotypic models. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are ideal cell sources for generating different cell types for these in vitro functional systems and recapitulation of the neuromuscular reflex arc would allow for the study of patient specific neuromuscular diseases. Regarding relevant afferent (intrafusal fibers, sensory neurons) and efferent (extrafusal fibers, motoneurons) cells, in vitro differentiation of intrafusal fiber from human iPSCs has not been established. This work demonstrates a protocol for inducing an enrichment of intrafusal bag fibers from iPSCs using morphological analysis and immunocytochemistry. Phosphorylation of the ErbB2 receptors and S46 staining indicated a 3-fold increase of total intrafusal fibers further confirming the efficiency of the protocol. Integration of induced intrafusal fibers would enable more accurate reflex arc models and application of this protocol on patient iPSCs would allow for patient-specific disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha Colón
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Agnes Badu-Mensah
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Xiufang Guo
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - Arindom Goswami
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
| | - James J. Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Lab, NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, Florida 32826, United States
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6
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Pires de Mello CP, Carmona-Moran C, McAleer CW, Perez J, Coln EA, Long CJ, Oleaga C, Riu A, Note R, Teissier S, Langer J, Hickman JJ. Microphysiological heart-liver body-on-a-chip system with a skin mimic for evaluating topical drug delivery. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:749-759. [PMID: 31970354 PMCID: PMC7123528 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Body-on-a-chip in vitro systems are a promising technology that aims to increase the predictive power of drug efficacy and toxicity in humans when compared to traditional animal models. Here, we developed a new heart-liver body-on-a-chip system with a skin surrogate to assess the toxicity of drugs that are topically administered. In order to test the utility of the system, diclofenac, ketoconazole, hydrocortisone and acetaminophen were applied topically through a synthetic skin surrogate (Strat-M membrane) and the toxicity results were compared to those of acute drug exposure from systemically applying the compounds. The heart-liver system was successful in predicting the effects for both cardiac and liver functions changes due to the compounds. The difference in the concentrations of drugs applied topically compared to systemically indicates that the barrier properties of the skin surrogate were efficient. One important advantage of this heart-liver system was the capability of showing differential effects of acute and chronic drug exposure which is necessary as part of the International Conference in Harmonisation (ICH) tri-partate guidelines. In conclusion, this work indicates a promising heart-liver body-on-a-chip system that can be used for the assessment of potential drug toxicity from dermal absorption as well as evaluate transport dynamics through the skin in the same system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | | | - Julian Perez
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Elizabeth A Coln
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | | | - Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
| | - Anne Riu
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Reine Note
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Silvia Teissier
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jessica Langer
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Clark, NJ, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA. and Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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7
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Sun L, Yu Y, Chen Z, Bian F, Ye F, Sun L, Zhao Y. Biohybrid robotics with living cell actuation. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4043-4069. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00120a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review comprehensively discusses recent advances in the basic components, controlling methods and especially in the applications of biohybrid robots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
- 210008 Nanjing
- China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Yunru Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- 210096 Nanjing
- China
| | - Zhuoyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- 210096 Nanjing
- China
| | - Feika Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering
- Southeast University
- 210096 Nanjing
- China
| | - Fangfu Ye
- Wenzhou Institute
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Wenzhou
- China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
- 210008 Nanjing
- China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
- The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
- 210008 Nanjing
- China
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology
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8
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Najjar SA, Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer CW, Cai Y, Srinivasan B, Martin C, Vandenburgh HH, Hickman JJ. A multiplexed in vitro assay system for evaluating human skeletal muscle functionality in response to drug treatment. Biotechnol Bioeng 2019; 117:736-747. [PMID: 31758543 DOI: 10.1002/bit.27231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In vitro systems that mimic organ functionality have become increasingly important tools in drug development studies. Systems that measure the functional properties of skeletal muscle are beneficial to compound screening studies and also for integration into multiorgan devices. To date, no studies have investigated human skeletal muscle responses to drug treatments at the single myotube level in vitro. This report details a microscale cantilever chip-based assay system for culturing individual human myotubes. The cantilevers, along with a laser and photo-detector system, enable measurement of myotube contractions in response to broad-field electrical stimulation. This system was used to obtain baseline functional parameters for untreated human myotubes, including peak contractile force and time-to-fatigue data. The cultured myotubes were then treated with known myotoxic compounds and the resulting functional changes were compared to baseline measurements as well as known physiological responses in vivo. The collected data demonstrate the system's capacity for screening direct effects of compound action on individual human skeletal myotubes in a reliable, reproducible, and noninvasive manner. Furthermore, it has the potential to be utilized for high-content screening, disease modeling, and exercise studies of human skeletal muscle performance utilizing iPSCs derived from specific patient populations such as the muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alexander S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - Herman H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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9
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Coln EA, Colon A, Long CJ, Sriram NN, Esch M, Prot JM, Elbrecht DH, Wang Y, Jackson M, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Piezoelectric BioMEMS Cantilever for Measurement of Muscle Contraction and for Actuation of Mechanosensitive Cells. MRS COMMUNICATIONS 2019; 9:1186-1192. [PMID: 33777497 PMCID: PMC7995331 DOI: 10.1557/mrc.2019.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A piezoelectric biomedical microelectromechanical system (bioMEMS) cantilever device was designed and fabricated to act as either a sensing element for muscle tissue contraction or as an actuator to apply mechanical force to cells. The sensing ability of the piezoelectric cantilevers was shown by monitoring the electrical signal generated from the piezoelectric aluminum nitride in response to the contraction of iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes cultured on the piezoelectric cantilevers. Actuation was demonstrated by applying electrical pulses to the piezoelectric cantilever and observing bending via an optical detection method. This piezoelectric cantilever device was designed to be incorporated into body-on-a-chip systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. Coln
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4328 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816
| | - Alisha Colon
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | | | - Mandy Esch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jean-Matthieu Prot
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Daniel H. Elbrecht
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Max Jackson
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Drive #158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Michael L. Shuler
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Drive #158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - James J. Hickman
- Hybrid Systems Laboratory, University of Central Florida, NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, 4328 Scorpius St., Orlando, FL 32816
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Drive #158, Orlando, FL 32826
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10
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Wang J, Khodabukus A, Rao L, Vandusen K, Abutaleb N, Bursac N. Engineered skeletal muscles for disease modeling and drug discovery. Biomaterials 2019; 221:119416. [PMID: 31419653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2019.119416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is the largest organ of human body with several important roles in everyday movement and metabolic homeostasis. The limited ability of small animal models of muscle disease to accurately predict drug efficacy and toxicity in humans has prompted the development in vitro models of human skeletal muscle that fatefully recapitulate cell and tissue level functions and drug responses. We first review methods for development of three-dimensional engineered muscle tissues and organ-on-a-chip microphysiological systems and discuss their potential utility in drug discovery research and development of new regenerative therapies. Furthermore, we describe strategies to increase the functional maturation of engineered muscle, and motivate the importance of incorporating multiple tissue types on the same chip to model organ cross-talk and generate more predictive drug development platforms. Finally, we review the ability of available in vitro systems to model diseases such as type II diabetes, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Pompe disease, and dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Lingjun Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Keith Vandusen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nadia Abutaleb
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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11
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McAleer CW, Pointon A, Long CJ, Brighton RL, Wilkin BD, Bridges LR, Narasimhan Sriram N, Fabre K, McDougall R, Muse VP, Mettetal JT, Srivastava A, Williams D, Schnepper MT, Roles JL, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ, Ewart L. On the potential of in vitro organ-chip models to define temporal pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9619. [PMID: 31270362 PMCID: PMC6610665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45656-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional human-on-a-chip systems hold great promise to enable quantitative translation to in vivo outcomes. Here, we explored this concept using a pumpless heart only and heart:liver system to evaluate the temporal pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PKPD) relationship for terfenadine. There was a time dependent drug-induced increase in field potential duration in the cardiac compartment in response to terfenadine and that response was modulated using a metabolically competent liver module that converted terfenadine to fexofenadine. Using this data, a mathematical model was developed to predict the effect of terfenadine in preclinical species. Developing confidence that microphysiological models could have a transformative effect on drug discovery, we also tested a previously discovered proprietary AstraZeneca small molecule and correctly determined the cardiotoxic response to its metabolite in the heart:liver system. Overall our findings serve as a guiding principle to future investigations of temporal concentration response relationships in these innovative in vitro models, especially, if validated across multiple time frames, with additional pharmacological mechanisms and molecules representing a broad chemical diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amy Pointon
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher J Long
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA
| | - Rocky L Brighton
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA
| | - Benjamin D Wilkin
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA
| | - L Richard Bridges
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA
| | | | - Kristin Fabre
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | - Robin McDougall
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | - Victorine P Muse
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | - Jerome T Mettetal
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Waltham, USA
| | | | - Dominic Williams
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mark T Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA
| | - Jeff L Roles
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr., Room 158, Orlando, FL, 32826-3230, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL, 32826, USA.
| | - Lorna Ewart
- Drug Safety and Metabolism, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
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12
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McAleer CW, Long CJ, Elbrecht D, Sasserath T, Bridges LR, Rumsey JW, Martin C, Schnepper M, Wang Y, Schuler F, Roth AB, Funk C, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Multi-organ system for the evaluation of efficacy and off-target toxicity of anticancer therapeutics. Sci Transl Med 2019; 11:eaav1386. [PMID: 31217335 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav1386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A pumpless, reconfigurable, multi-organ-on-a-chip system containing recirculating serum-free medium can be used to predict preclinical on-target efficacy, metabolic conversion, and measurement of off-target toxicity of drugs using functional biological microelectromechanical systems. In the first configuration of the system, primary human hepatocytes were cultured with two cancer-derived human bone marrow cell lines for antileukemia drug analysis in which diclofenac and imatinib demonstrated a cytostatic effect on bone marrow cancer proliferation. Liver viability was not affected by imatinib; however, diclofenac reduced liver viability by 30%. The second configuration housed a multidrug-resistant vulva cancer line, a non-multidrug-resistant breast cancer line, primary hepatocytes, and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Tamoxifen reduced viability of the breast cancer cells only after metabolite generation but did not affect the vulva cancer cells except when coadministered with verapamil, a permeability glycoprotein inhibitor. Both tamoxifen alone and coadministration with verapamil produced off-target cardiac effects as indicated by a reduction of contractile force, beat frequency, and conduction velocity but did not affect viability. These systems demonstrate the utility of a human cell-based in vitro culture system to evaluate both on-target efficacy and off-target toxicity for parent drugs and their metabolites; these systems can augment and reduce the use of animals and increase the efficiency of drug evaluations in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Elbrecht
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - L Richard Bridges
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - John W Rumsey
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mark Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying Wang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Adrian B Roth
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Funk
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- Hesperos Inc., 3259 Progress Drive, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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13
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Hasebe A, Suematsu Y, Takeoka S, Mazzocchi T, Vannozzi L, Ricotti L, Fujie T. Biohybrid Actuators Based on Skeletal Muscle-Powered Microgrooved Ultrathin Films Consisting of Poly(styrene-block-butadiene-block-styrene). ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:5734-5743. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arihiro Hasebe
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Shinji Takeoka
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
| | - Tommaso Mazzocchi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Vannozzi
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Leonardo Ricotti
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34, 56025 Pontedera, Pisa, Italy
| | - Toshinori Fujie
- Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Sinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8, Honcho,
Kawaguchi-shi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-50, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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14
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Oleaga C, Lavado A, Riu A, Rothemund S, Carmona-Moran CA, Persaud K, Yurko A, Lear J, Narasimhan NS, Long CJ, Sommerhage F, Bridges LR, Cai Y, Martin C, Schnepper MT, Goswami A, Note R, Langer J, Teissier S, Cotovio J, Hickman JJ. Long-Term Electrical and Mechanical Function Monitoring of a Human-on-a-Chip System. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1805792. [PMID: 35586798 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201970049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The goal of human-on-a-chip systems is to capture multi-organ complexity and predict the human response to compounds within physiologically relevant platforms. The generation and characterization of such systems is currently a focal point of research given the long-standing inadequacies of conventional techniques for predicting human outcome. Functional systems can measure and quantify key cellular mechanisms that correlate with the physiological status of a tissue, and can be used to evaluate therapeutic challenges utilizing many of the same endpoints used in animal experiments or clinical trials. Culturing multiple organ compartments in a platform creates a more physiologic environment (organ-organ communication). Here is reported a human 4-organ system composed of heart, liver, skeletal muscle and nervous system modules that maintains cellular viability and function over 28 days in serum-free conditions using a pumpless system. The integration of non-invasive electrical evaluation of neurons and cardiac cells and mechanical determination of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction allows the monitoring of cellular function especially for chronic toxicity studies in vitro. The 28 day period is the minimum timeframe for animal studies to evaluate repeat dose toxicity. This technology could be a relevant alternative to animal testing by monitoring multi-organ function upon long term chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Anne Riu
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Carlos A Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrew Yurko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Jennifer Lear
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Frank Sommerhage
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Mark T Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Arindom Goswami
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Reine Note
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Silvia Teissier
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - José Cotovio
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
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15
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Oleaga C, Lavado A, Riu A, Rothemund S, Carmona-Moran CA, Persaud K, Yurko A, Lear J, Narasimhan NS, Long CJ, Sommerhage F, Bridges LR, Cai Y, Martin C, Schnepper MT, Goswami A, Note R, Langer J, Teissier S, Cotovio J, Hickman JJ. Long-Term Electrical and Mechanical Function Monitoring of a Human-on-a-Chip System. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2019; 29:1805792. [PMID: 35586798 PMCID: PMC9113405 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201805792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The goal of human-on-a-chip systems is to capture multi-organ complexity and predict the human response to compounds within physiologically relevant platforms. The generation and characterization of such systems is currently a focal point of research given the long-standing inadequacies of conventional techniques for predicting human outcome. Functional systems can measure and quantify key cellular mechanisms that correlate with the physiological status of a tissue, and can be used to evaluate therapeutic challenges utilizing many of the same endpoints used in animal experiments or clinical trials. Culturing multiple organ compartments in a platform creates a more physiologic environment (organ-organ communication). Here is reported a human 4-organ system composed of heart, liver, skeletal muscle and nervous system modules that maintains cellular viability and function over 28 days in serum-free conditions using a pumpless system. The integration of non-invasive electrical evaluation of neurons and cardiac cells and mechanical determination of cardiac and skeletal muscle contraction allows the monitoring of cellular function especially for chronic toxicity studies in vitro. The 28 day period is the minimum timeframe for animal studies to evaluate repeat dose toxicity. This technology could be a relevant alternative to animal testing by monitoring multi-organ function upon long term chemical exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Anne Riu
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Carlos A. Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Andrew Yurko
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Jennifer Lear
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Christopher J. Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Frank Sommerhage
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | | | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Mark T. Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Arindom Goswami
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Reine Note
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | | | - Silvia Teissier
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - José Cotovio
- L’Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Corresponding Author. Tel.: +1 407 823 1925; fax: +1 407 882 2819. (J.J. Hickman)
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16
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Truskey GA. Development and application of human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems. LAB ON A CHIP 2018; 18:3061-3073. [PMID: 30183050 PMCID: PMC6177290 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc00553b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A number of major disease states involve skeletal muscle, including type 2 diabetes, muscular dystrophy, sarcopenia and cachexia arising from cancer or heart disease. Animals do not accurately represent many of these disease states. Human skeletal muscle microphysiological systems derived from primary or induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) can provide an in vitro model of genetic and chronic diseases and assess individual variations. Three-dimensional culture systems more accurately represent skeletal muscle function than do two-dimensional cultures. While muscle biopsies enable culture of primary muscle cells, hPSCs provide the opportunity to sample a wider population of donors. Recent advances to promote maturation of PSC-derived skeletal muscle provide an alternative to primary cells. While contractile function is often measured in three-dimensional cultures and several systems exist to characterize contraction of small numbers of muscle fibers, there is a need for functional measures of metabolism suited for microphysiological systems. Future research should address generation of well-differentiated hPSC-derived muscle cells, enabling muscle repair in vitro, and improved disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, 1427 CIEMAS, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0281, USA.
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17
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Oleaga C, Riu A, Rothemund S, Lavado A, McAleer CW, Long CJ, Persaud K, Narasimhan NS, Tran M, Roles J, Carmona-Moran CA, Sasserath T, Elbrecht DH, Kumanchik L, Bridges LR, Martin C, Schnepper MT, Ekman G, Jackson M, Wang YI, Note R, Langer J, Teissier S, Hickman JJ. Investigation of the effect of hepatic metabolism on off-target cardiotoxicity in a multi-organ human-on-a-chip system. Biomaterials 2018; 182:176-190. [PMID: 30130706 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of cosmetic testing and poor predictivity of preclinical drug studies has spurred efforts to develop new methods for systemic toxicity. Current in vitro assays do not fully represent physiology, often lacking xenobiotic metabolism. Functional human multi-organ systems containing iPSC derived cardiomyocytes and primary hepatocytes were maintained under flow using a low-volume pumpless system in a serum-free medium. The functional readouts for contractile force and electrical conductivity enabled the non-invasive study of cardiac function. The presence of the hepatocytes in the system induced cardiotoxic effects from cyclophosphamide and reduced them for terfenadine due to drug metabolism, as expected from each compound's pharmacology. A computational fluid dynamics simulation enabled the prediction of terfenadine-fexofenadine pharmacokinetics, which was validated by HPLC-MS. This in vitro platform recapitulates primary aspects of the in vivo crosstalk between heart and liver and enables pharmacological studies, involving both organs in a single in vitro platform. The system enables non-invasive readouts of cardiotoxicity of drugs and their metabolites. Hepatotoxicity can also be evaluated by biomarker analysis and change in metabolic function. Integration of metabolic function in toxicology models can improve adverse effects prediction in preclinical studies and this system could also be used for chronic studies as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Anne Riu
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Sandra Rothemund
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Andrea Lavado
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher W McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Keisha Persaud
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | | | - My Tran
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Jeffry Roles
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Carlos A Carmona-Moran
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Trevor Sasserath
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Daniel H Elbrecht
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Lee Kumanchik
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | | | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mark T Schnepper
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Gail Ekman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Max Jackson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Ying I Wang
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Reine Note
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - Jessica Langer
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Clark, NJ, USA
| | - Silvia Teissier
- L'Oreal Research, and Innovation Division, Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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18
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Modena MM, Chawla K, Misun PM, Hierlemann A. Smart Cell Culture Systems: Integration of Sensors and Actuators into Microphysiological Systems. ACS Chem Biol 2018; 13:1767-1784. [PMID: 29381325 PMCID: PMC5959007 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.7b01029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Technological advances in microfabrication techniques in combination with organotypic cell and tissue models have enabled the realization of microphysiological systems capable of recapitulating aspects of human physiology in vitro with great fidelity. Concurrently, a number of analysis techniques has been developed to probe and characterize these model systems. However, many assays are still performed off-line, which severely compromises the possibility of obtaining real-time information from the samples under examination, and which also limits the use of these platforms in high-throughput analysis. In this review, we focus on sensing and actuation schemes that have already been established or offer great potential to provide in situ detection or manipulation of relevant cell or tissue samples in microphysiological platforms. We will first describe methods that can be integrated in a straightforward way and that offer potential multiplexing and/or parallelization of sensing and actuation functions. These methods include electrical impedance spectroscopy, electrochemical biosensors, and the use of surface acoustic waves for manipulation and analysis of cells, tissue, and multicellular organisms. In the second part, we will describe two sensor approaches based on surface-plasmon resonance and mechanical resonators that have recently provided new characterization features for biological samples, although technological limitations for use in high-throughput applications still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M. Modena
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ketki Chawla
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick M. Misun
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Hierlemann
- ETH Zürich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering,
Bio Engineering Laboratory, Basel, Switzerland
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19
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Wang YI, Carmona C, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Multiorgan Microphysiological Systems for Drug Development: Strategies, Advances, and Challenges. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:10.1002/adhm.201701000. [PMID: 29205920 PMCID: PMC5805562 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Traditional cell culture and animal models utilized for preclinical drug screening have led to high attrition rates of drug candidates in clinical trials due to their low predictive power for human response. Alternative models using human cells to build in vitro biomimetics of the human body with physiologically relevant organ-organ interactions hold great potential to act as "human surrogates" and provide more accurate prediction of drug effects in humans. This review is a comprehensive investigation into the development of tissue-engineered human cell-based microscale multiorgan models, or multiorgan microphysiological systems for drug testing. The evolution from traditional models to macro- and microscale multiorgan systems is discussed in regards to the rationale for recent global efforts in multiorgan microphysiological systems. Current advances in integrating cell culture and on-chip analytical technologies, as well as proof-of-concept applications for these multiorgan microsystems are discussed. Major challenges for the field, such as reproducibility and physiological relevance, are discussed with comparisons of the strengths and weaknesses of various systems to solve these challenges. Conclusions focus on the current development stage of multiorgan microphysiological systems and new trends in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlos Carmona
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
| | - Michael L Shuler
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Hesperos, Inc., 3259 Progress Dr, Room 158, Orlando, FL 32826
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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20
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Wang T, Guo HC, Chen XY, Lu M. Low-temperature thermal reduction of suspended graphene oxide film for electrical sensing of DNA-hybridization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:62-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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21
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Wang YI, Oleaga C, Long CJ, Esch MB, McAleer CW, Miller PG, Hickman JJ, Shuler ML. Self-contained, low-cost Body-on-a-Chip systems for drug development. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2017; 242:1701-1713. [PMID: 29065797 DOI: 10.1177/1535370217694101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrated multi-organ microphysiological systems are an evolving tool for preclinical evaluation of the potential toxicity and efficacy of drug candidates. Such systems, also known as Body-on-a-Chip devices, have a great potential to increase the successful conversion of drug candidates entering clinical trials into approved drugs. Systems, to be attractive for commercial adoption, need to be inexpensive, easy to operate, and give reproducible results. Further, the ability to measure functional responses, such as electrical activity, force generation, and barrier integrity of organ surrogates, enhances the ability to monitor response to drugs. The ability to operate a system for significant periods of time (up to 28 d) will provide potential to estimate chronic as well as acute responses of the human body. Here we review progress towards a self-contained low-cost microphysiological system with functional measurements of physiological responses. Impact statement Multi-organ microphysiological systems are promising devices to improve the drug development process. The development of a pumpless system represents the ability to build multi-organ systems that are of low cost, high reliability, and self-contained. These features, coupled with the ability to measure electrical and mechanical response in addition to chemical or metabolic changes, provides an attractive system for incorporation into the drug development process. This will be the most complete review of the pumpless platform with recirculation yet written.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying I Wang
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Carlota Oleaga
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Christopher J Long
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Mandy B Esch
- 4 Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Christopher W McAleer
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Paula G Miller
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - James J Hickman
- 2 NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - Michael L Shuler
- 1 Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.,3 Hesperos, Inc., Orlando, FL 32826, USA
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23
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Oleaga C, Bernabini C, Smith AS, Srinivasan B, Jackson M, McLamb W, Platt V, Bridges R, Cai Y, Santhanam N, Berry B, Najjar S, Akanda N, Guo X, Martin C, Ekman G, Esch MB, Langer J, Ouedraogo G, Cotovio J, Breton L, Shuler ML, Hickman JJ. Multi-Organ toxicity demonstration in a functional human in vitro system composed of four organs. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20030. [PMID: 26837601 PMCID: PMC4738272 DOI: 10.1038/srep20030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report on a functional human model to evaluate multi-organ toxicity in a 4-organ system under continuous flow conditions in a serum-free defined medium utilizing a pumpless platform for 14 days. Computer simulations of the platform established flow rates and resultant shear stress within accepted ranges. Viability of the system was demonstrated for 14 days as well as functional activity of cardiac, muscle, neuronal and liver modules. The pharmacological relevance of the integrated modules were evaluated for their response at 7 days to 5 drugs with known side effects after a 48 hour drug treatment regime. The results of all drug treatments were in general agreement with published toxicity results from human and animal data. The presented phenotypic culture model exhibits a multi-organ toxicity response, representing the next generation of in vitro systems, and constitutes a step towards an in vitro "human-on-a-chip" assay for systemic toxicity screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlota Oleaga
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Catia Bernabini
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Alec S.T. Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Balaji Srinivasan
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Max Jackson
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - William McLamb
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Vivien Platt
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Richard Bridges
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Yunqing Cai
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Navaneetha Santhanam
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Bonnie Berry
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Sarah Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Nesar Akanda
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Xiufang Guo
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Candace Martin
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Gail Ekman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
| | - Mandy B. Esch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 and 305 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Jessica Langer
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Clark, NJ, 07666/ Aulnay sous Bois, France, 93600
| | | | - Jose Cotovio
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Lionel Breton
- L’Oreal Research and Innovation, Aulnay sous Bois, France
| | - Michael L. Shuler
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 115 and 305 Weill Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - James J. Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway Suite 400, Orlando, FL 32828
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24
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McAleer CW, Smith AST, Najjar S, Pirozzi K, Long CJ, Hickman JJ. Mechanistic investigation of adult myotube response to exercise and drug treatment in vitro using a multiplexed functional assay system. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2014; 117:1398-405. [PMID: 25301895 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00612.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to accurately measure skeletal muscle functional performance at the single-cell level would be advantageous for exercise physiology studies and disease modeling applications. To that end, this study characterizes the functional response of individual skeletal muscle myotubes derived from adult rodent tissue to creatine treatment and chronic exercise. The observed improvements to functional performance in response to these treatments appear to correlate with alterations in hypertrophic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways, supporting previously published in vivo and in vitro data, which highlights the role of these pathways in augmenting skeletal muscle output. The developed system represents a multiplexed functional in vitro assay capable of long-term assessment of contractile cellular outputs in real-time that is compatible with concomitant molecular biology analysis. Adoption of this system in drug toxicity and efficacy studies would improve understanding of compound activity on physical cellular outputs and provide more streamlined and predictive data for future preclinical analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - A S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - S Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - K Pirozzi
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - C J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
| | - J J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida
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Smith AST, Long CJ, McAleer C, Bobbitt N, Srinivasan B, Hickman JJ. Utilization of microscale silicon cantilevers to assess cellular contractile function in vitro. J Vis Exp 2014:e51866. [PMID: 25350792 DOI: 10.3791/51866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of more predictive and biologically relevant in vitro assays is predicated on the advancement of versatile cell culture systems which facilitate the functional assessment of the seeded cells. To that end, microscale cantilever technology offers a platform with which to measure the contractile functionality of a range of cell types, including skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells, through assessment of contraction induced substrate bending. Application of multiplexed cantilever arrays provides the means to develop moderate to high-throughput protocols for assessing drug efficacy and toxicity, disease phenotype and progression, as well as neuromuscular and other cell-cell interactions. This manuscript provides the details for fabricating reliable cantilever arrays for this purpose, and the methods required to successfully culture cells on these surfaces. Further description is provided on the steps necessary to perform functional analysis of contractile cell types maintained on such arrays using a novel laser and photo-detector system. The representative data provided highlights the precision and reproducible nature of the analysis of contractile function possible using this system, as well as the wide range of studies to which such technology can be applied. Successful widespread adoption of this system could provide investigators with the means to perform rapid, low cost functional studies in vitro, leading to more accurate predictions of tissue performance, disease development and response to novel therapeutic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida
| | | | | | | | | | - James J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida;
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26
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Cheng CS, Davis BNJ, Madden L, Bursac N, Truskey GA. Physiology and metabolism of tissue-engineered skeletal muscle. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:1203-14. [PMID: 24912506 DOI: 10.1177/1535370214538589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a major target for tissue engineering, given its relative size in the body, fraction of cardiac output that passes through muscle beds, as well as its key role in energy metabolism and diabetes, and the need for therapies for muscle diseases such as muscular dystrophy and sarcopenia. To date, most studies with tissue-engineered skeletal muscle have utilized murine and rat cell sources. On the other hand, successful engineering of functional human muscle would enable different applications including improved methods for preclinical testing of drugs and therapies. Some of the requirements for engineering functional skeletal muscle include expression of adult forms of muscle proteins, comparable contractile forces to those produced by native muscle, and physiological force-length and force-frequency relations. This review discusses the various strategies and challenges associated with these requirements, specific applications with cultured human myoblasts, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy S Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Brittany N J Davis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Lauran Madden
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nenad Bursac
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - George A Truskey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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Smith AST, Long CJ, Pirozzi K, Najjar S, McAleer C, Vandenburgh HH, Hickman JJ. A multiplexed chip-based assay system for investigating the functional development of human skeletal myotubes in vitro. J Biotechnol 2014; 185:15-8. [PMID: 24909944 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This report details the development of a non-invasive in vitro assay system for investigating the functional maturation and performance of human skeletal myotubes. Data is presented demonstrating the survival and differentiation of human myotubes on microscale silicon cantilevers in a defined, serum-free system. These cultures can be stimulated electrically and the resulting contraction quantified using modified atomic force microscopy technology. This system provides a higher degree of sensitivity for investigating contractile waveforms than video-based analysis, and represents the first system capable of measuring the contractile activity of individual human muscle myotubes in a reliable, high-throughput and non-invasive manner. The development of such a technique is critical for the advancement of body-on-a-chip platforms toward application in pre-clinical drug development screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S T Smith
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - C J Long
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - K Pirozzi
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - S Najjar
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - C McAleer
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA
| | - H H Vandenburgh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02906, USA
| | - J J Hickman
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, 12424 Research Parkway, Orlando, FL 32826, USA.
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