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Li HP, Liu C, Luo H, Wang FY, Su HQ, Wang S, Wu Q. Design and experiments of a compact electrostatic low energy beam transport with a double Einzel-lens for a transportable neutron source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2023; 94:123301. [PMID: 38038637 DOI: 10.1063/5.0160376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
A transportable, compact, accelerator-based neutron source is under development at Xian Jiaotong University. An electrostatic low energy beam transport (LEBT) structure with a double Einzel-lens setup was adopted due to its short length and low power consumption. It can transport a pulsed proton beam to the radio frequency quadrupole with a required beam current of 15 mA and an energy of 30 keV. We performed detailed structure optimization and beam tracking to achieve beam matching and small emittance growth. In addition, the fast chopper, beam steering, and diagnostic devices are integrated into the LEBT. The fabrication and assembly of the proton injector have been completed, and beam commissioning was carried out to measure the beam current and Twiss parameters. The design strategy, beam simulation, and experimental results are presented and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Li
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- XJTU-Huzhou Neutron Science Laboratory, Science Valley Medium-sized Building No. 1, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - C Liu
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- XJTU-Huzhou Neutron Science Laboratory, Science Valley Medium-sized Building No. 1, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Luo
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
| | - F Y Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- XJTU-Huzhou Neutron Science Laboratory, Science Valley Medium-sized Building No. 1, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - H Q Su
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- XJTU-Huzhou Neutron Science Laboratory, Science Valley Medium-sized Building No. 1, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - S Wang
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shaanxi, China
- XJTU-Huzhou Neutron Science Laboratory, Science Valley Medium-sized Building No. 1, Huzhou 313000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Q Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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Tong AL, Gu JQ, Jia ZH, Yang GM, Hu SM, Jiang W, Lu ZT, Ritterbusch F, Sun LT. Fast atom-trap analysis of 39Ar with isotope pre-enrichment. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:023203. [PMID: 35232153 DOI: 10.1063/5.0068661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate fast analysis of 39Ar/Ar at the 10-16 level using a mass spectrometer for isotope pre-enrichment and an atom trap for counting. An argon gas sample first passes through a dipole mass separator that reduces the dominant isotope 40Ar by two orders of magnitude while preserving both the rare tracer isotope 39Ar and a minor stable isotope 38Ar for control purposes. Measurements of both natural and enriched samples with atom trap trace analysis demonstrate that the 39Ar/38Ar ratios change less than 10%, while the overall count rates of 39Ar are increased by one order of magnitude. By overcoming the analysis-speed bottleneck, this advance will benefit large-scale applications of 39Ar dating in the earth sciences, particularly for mapping ocean circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin L Tong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ji-Qiang Gu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ze-Hua Jia
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Guo-Min Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shui-Ming Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zheng-Tian Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Florian Ritterbusch
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Liang-Ting Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Abstract
Intense ion beam production is of high importance for various versatile applications from accelerator injectors to secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). For these purposes, different types of ion beams are needed and, accordingly, the optimum plasma to produce the desired ion beams. RF-type plasma features a simple structure, high plasma density and low plasma temperature, which is essential for negative ion beam production. A very compact RF-type ion source using a planar coil antenna has been developed at IMP for negative molecular oxygen ion beam production. In terms of high-intensity positive ion beam production, 2.45 GHz microwave power-excited plasma has been widely used. At IMP, we developed a 2.45 GHz plasma source with both ridged waveguide and coaxial antenna coupling schemes, tested successfully with intense beam production. Thanks to the plasma built with an external planar coil antenna, high O2− production efficiency has been achieved, i.e., up to 43%. With 2.45 GHz microwave plasma, the ridged waveguide can support a higher power coupling of high efficiency that leads to the production of intense hydrogen beams up to 90 emA, whereas the coaxial antenna is less efficient in power coupling to plasma but can lead to attractive ion source compactness, with a reasonable beam extraction of several emA.
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Jia ZH, Tong AL, Sun LT, Liu YG, Liu JL, Wu Q, Fang X, Yang WS, Guo YH, Ritterbusch F, Lu ZT, Jiang W, Yang GM, Chen QW. An electromagnetic separation system for the enrichment of 39Ar. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:033309. [PMID: 32259973 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An isotope enrichment system for 39Ar has been developed at the Institute of Modern Physics, which is designed to increase the abundance of 39Ar in the incident sample gas. With intense Ar+ beams produced by a 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source and a high mass resolution spectrometer system, Ar isotopes are evidently separated on the target plane and selectively collected by an Al target. The separated Ar isotopes have been identified on the target plane, which is consistent with the simulations. According to the recent cross-checked results with atom trap trace analysis, a high enrichment factor of 39Ar has been successfully achieved. This paper will present the design and test results of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Jia
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Amin L Tong
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - L T Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y G Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J L Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Fang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W S Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y H Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - F Ritterbusch
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Z-T Lu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - W Jiang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - G M Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Q W Chen
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Sun L, Zhao HW, Zhao HY, Lu W, Guo JW, Cao Y, Wu Q, Qian C, Yang Y, Fang X, Zhang ZM, Zhang XZ, Guo XH, Liu ZW. Overview of high intensity ion source development in the past 20 years at IMP. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:023310. [PMID: 32113417 DOI: 10.1063/1.5129399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ion source development over the last 20 years at the IMP is reviewed. For versatile purposes, several types of ion sources have been involved in the research and development work at the IMP, i.e., the highly charged ECR (Electron Cyclotron Resonance) ion source, intense microwave ion source or the 2.45 GHz intense beam ECR ion source, and laser ion source (LIS). In the development of ECR ion sources, SECRAL (Superconducting ECR ion source with Advanced design in Lanzhou), Lanzhou ECR ion source, and Lanzhou all permanent magnet ECR ion source series have been made, which can cover the operation microwave frequency range of 10-28 GHz. The LIS with an Nd:YAG laser with a maximum output energy of 8 J in 8 ns pulse duration has been developed for very intense short pulse ion beams from solid materials such as C, Ti, Ni, Ag, and so on. Microwave ion sources have been built to produce intense pulsed or direct current beams from several mA to 100 mA for either high intensity accelerators or applications. This paper will give an overview of the high intensity ion source development at the IMP, especially on the recent progress and new results, such as the status of the fourth generation ECR ion source (first fourth generation ECR ion source), the production of recorded highly charged ion beams with SECRAL sources, key technology research studies, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H W Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Y Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - W Lu
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - J W Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Cao
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Q Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - C Qian
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Fang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z M Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X Z Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - X H Guo
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Z W Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Lanzhou 730000, China
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Wu Q, Ma HY, Yang Y, Sun LT, Zhang XZ, Zhang ZM, Zhao HY, He Y, Zhao HW. Status of intense permanent magnet proton source for China-accelerator driven sub-critical system Linac. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2016; 87:02B903. [PMID: 26932075 DOI: 10.1063/1.4932314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two compact intense 2.45 GHz permanent magnet proton sources and their corresponding low energy beam transport (LEBT) system were developed successfully for China accelerator driven sub-critical system in 2014. Both the proton sources operate at 35 kV potential. The beams extracted from the ion source are transported by the LEBT, which is composed of two identical solenoids, to the 2.1 MeV Radio-Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ). In order to ensure the safety of the superconducting cavities during commissioning, an electrostatic-chopper has been designed and installed in the LEBT line that can chop the continuous wave beam into a pulsed one. The minimum width of the pulse is less than 10 μs and the fall/rise time of the chopper is about 20 ns. The performance of the proton source and the LEBT, such as beam current, beam profile, emittance and the impact to RFQ injection will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Ma
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Yang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - L T Sun
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Z M Zhang
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - H Y Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Y He
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - H W Zhao
- Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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