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Contreras S, Martínez-Borquez A, Avendaño C, Gil-Villegas A, Jackson G. Unmasking quantum effects in the surface thermodynamics of fluid nanodrops. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:164503. [PMID: 38661197 DOI: 10.1063/5.0196501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The focus of our study is an in-depth investigation of the quantum effects associated with the surface tension and other thermodynamic properties of nanoscopic liquid drops. The behavior of drops of quantum Lennard-Jones fluids is investigated with path-integral Monte Carlo simulations, and the test-area method is used to determine the surface tension of the spherical vapor-liquid interface. As the thermal de Broglie wavelength, λB, becomes more significant, the average density of the liquid drop decreases, with the drop becoming mechanically unstable at large wavelengths. As a consequence, the surface tension is found to decrease monotonically with λB, vanishing altogether for dominant quantum interactions. Quantum effects can be significant, leading to values that are notably lower than the classical thermodynamic limit, particularly for smaller drops. For planar interfaces (with infinite periodicity in the direction parallel to the interface), quantum effects are much less significant with the same values of λB but are, nevertheless, consequential for values representative of hydrogen or helium-4 at low temperatures corresponding to vapor-liquid coexistence. Large quantum effects are found for small drops of molecules with quantum interactions corresponding to water, ethane, methanol, and carbon dioxide, even at ambient conditions. The notable decrease in the density and tension has important consequences in reducing the Gibbs free-energy barrier of a nucleating cluster, enhancing the nucleation kinetics of liquid drops and of bubble formation. This implies that drops would form at a much greater rate than is predicted by classical nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Contreras
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Avendaño
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Alejandro Gil-Villegas
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, Loma del Bosque 103, Lomas del Campestre, León 37150, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - George Jackson
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Hammer M, Bauer G, Stierle R, Gross J, Wilhelmsen Ø. Classical density functional theory for interfacial properties of hydrogen, helium, deuterium, neon, and their mixtures. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:104107. [PMID: 36922124 DOI: 10.1063/5.0137226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a classical density functional theory (DFT) for fluid mixtures that is based on a third-order thermodynamic perturbation theory of Feynman-Hibbs-corrected Mie potentials. The DFT is developed to study the interfacial properties of hydrogen, helium, neon, deuterium, and their mixtures, i.e., fluids that are strongly influenced by quantum effects at low temperatures. White Bear fundamental measure theory is used for the hard-sphere contribution of the Helmholtz energy functional, and a weighted density approximation is used for the dispersion contribution. For mixtures, a contribution is included to account for non-additivity in the Lorentz-Berthelot combination rule. Predictions of the radial distribution function from DFT are in excellent agreement with results from molecular simulations, both for pure components and mixtures. Above the normal boiling point and 5% below the critical temperature, the DFT yields surface tensions of neon, hydrogen, and deuterium with average deviations from experiments of 7.5%, 4.4%, and 1.8%, respectively. The surface tensions of hydrogen/deuterium, para-hydrogen/helium, deuterium/helium, and hydrogen/neon mixtures are reproduced with a mean absolute error of 5.4%, 8.1%, 1.3%, and 7.5%, respectively. The surface tensions are predicted with an excellent accuracy at temperatures above 20 K. The poor accuracy below 20 K is due to the inability of Feynman-Hibbs-corrected Mie potentials to represent the real fluid behavior at these conditions, motivating the development of new intermolecular potentials. This DFT can be leveraged in the future to study confined fluids and assess the performance of porous materials for hydrogen storage and transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Hammer
- Porelab, Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Gernot Bauer
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Rolf Stierle
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Joachim Gross
- Institute of Thermodynamics and Thermal Process Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 9, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Øivind Wilhelmsen
- Porelab, Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
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Confined Quantum Hard Spheres. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23060775. [PMID: 34207472 PMCID: PMC8234891 DOI: 10.3390/e23060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present computer simulation and theoretical results for a system of N Quantum Hard Spheres (QHS) particles of diameter σ and mass m at temperature T, confined between parallel hard walls separated by a distance Hσ, within the range 1≤H≤∞. Semiclassical Monte Carlo computer simulations were performed adapted to a confined space, considering effects in terms of the density of particles ρ*=N/V, where V is the accessible volume, the inverse length H−1 and the de Broglie’s thermal wavelength λB=h/2πmkT, where k and h are the Boltzmann’s and Planck’s constants, respectively. For the case of extreme and maximum confinement, 0.5<H−1<1 and H−1=1, respectively, analytical results can be given based on an extension for quantum systems of the Helmholtz free energies for the corresponding classical systems.
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Aasen A, Hammer M, Ervik Å, Müller EA, Wilhelmsen Ø. Equation of state and force fields for Feynman–Hibbs-corrected Mie fluids. I. Application to pure helium, neon, hydrogen, and deuterium. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5111364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ailo Aasen
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Energy Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Hammer
- SINTEF Energy Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Åsmund Ervik
- SINTEF Energy Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erich A. Müller
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Øivind Wilhelmsen
- Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- SINTEF Energy Research, NO-7465 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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Takemoto A, Kinugawa K. Quantumness and state boundaries hidden in supercritical helium-4: A path integral centroid molecular dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:204504. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5053988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takemoto
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
| | - Kenichi Kinugawa
- Division of Chemistry, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women’s University, Nara 630-8506, Japan
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Contreras S, Serna C, Gil-Villegas A. Molecular thermodynamics of a quantum Lennard-Jones fluid using an effective Mie potential and the SAFT-VR-Mie approach. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1510142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Contreras
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, México
| | - César Serna
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, México
| | - Alejandro Gil-Villegas
- División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, León, México
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Trejos VM, Quintana-H J. Thermodynamic properties of confined square-well fluids with multiple associating sites. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:074703. [PMID: 29471659 DOI: 10.1063/1.5009478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, a molecular simulation study of confined hard-spheres particles with square-well (SW) attractive interactions with two and four associating SW sites based on the first-order perturbation form of Wertheim's theory is presented. An extended version of the Gibbs ensemble technique for inhomogeneous fluids [A. Z. Panagiotopoulos, Mol. Phys. 62, 701 (1987)] is used to predict the adsorption density profiles for associating fluids confined between opposite parallel walls. The fluid is confined in four kinds of walls: hard-wall, SW wall, Lennard-Jones (LJ) 12-6 wall potential, and LJ 10-4 wall potential. We analyze the behavior of the confined system for several supercritical temperatures as a function of variation of molecular parameters: potential range λ, bulk densities ρb*, pore width H, cutoff range interaction rc*, and range of the potential and depth of the particle-wall (λw, εw*). Additionally, we include predictions for liquid-vapor coexistence of bulk associative particles and how their critical properties are modified by the presence of associative sites in the molecule. The molecular simulation data presented in this work are of prime importance to the development of theoretical approaches for inhomogeneous fluids as classical density functional theory. The simulation results presented here are resourceful for predicting adsorption isotherms of real associating fluids such as water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor M Trejos
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70213, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jacqueline Quintana-H
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70213, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, México
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Gil-Villegas A, Obregón O, Torres-Arenas J. Computer simulation of effective potentials for generalized Boltzmann-Gibbs statistics. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Helmi A, Esrafili MD. A hard sphere fluid with quantum correction in nanospherical pores: A DFT study. J Mol Liq 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2017.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Serna C, Gil-Villegas A. Molecular thermodynamics of quantum square-well fluids using a path-integral perturbation theory. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1173732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- César Serna
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, México
| | - Alejandro Gil-Villegas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Física, División de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Campus León, Universidad de Guanajuato, México
- School of Chemical Engineering and Analytical Sciences, The University of Manchester, Sackville Street, Manchester, UK
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Trejos VM, Becerra M, Figueroa-Gerstenmaier S, Gil-Villegas A. Theoretical modelling of adsorption of hydrogen onto graphene, MOFs and other carbon-based substrates. Mol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.903591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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