1
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Pritzi M, Pascher TF, Grutza ML, Kurz P, Ončák M, Beyer MK. Decomposition of Halogenated Molybdenum Sulfide Dianions [Mo 3S 7X 6] 2- (X = Cl, Br, I). JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:1753-1760. [PMID: 35904429 PMCID: PMC9460775 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum sulfides are considered a promising and inexpensive alternative to platinum as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. In this study, we perform collision-induced dissociation experiments in the gas phase with the halogenated molybdenum sulfides [Mo3S7Cl6]2-, [Mo3S7Br6]2-, and [Mo3S7I6]2-. We show that the first fragmentation step for all three dianions is charge separation via loss of a halide ion. As a second step, further halogen loss competes with the dissociation of a disulfur molecule, whereas the former becomes energetically more favorable and the latter becomes less favorable from chlorine via bromine to iodine. We show that the leaving S2 group is composed of sulfur atoms from two bridging groups. These decomposition pathways differ drastically from the pure [Mo3S13]2- clusters. The obtained insight into preferred dissociation pathways of molybdenum sulfides illustrate possible reaction pathways during the activation of these substances in a catalytic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pritzi
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tobias F. Pascher
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Grutza
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kurz
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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2
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Pritzi M, Pascher TF, Grutza ML, Kurz P, Ončák M, Beyer MK. Rearrangement and decomposition pathways of bare and hydrogenated molybdenum oxysulfides in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:16576-16585. [PMID: 35775378 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molybdenum sulfides and molybdenum oxysulfides are considered a promising and cheap alternative to platinum as a catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). To better understand possible rearrangements during catalyst activation, we perform collision induced dissociation experiments in the gas phase with eight different molybdenum oxysulfides, namely [Mo2O2S6]2-, [Mo2O2S6]-, [Mo2O2S5]2-, [Mo2O2S5]-, [Mo2O2S4]-, [HMo2O2S6]-, [HMo2O2S5]- and [HMo2O2S4]-, on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometer. We identify fragmentation channels of the molybdenum oxysulfides and their interconnections. Together with quantum chemical calculations, the results show that [Mo2O2S4]- is a particularly stable species against further dissociation, which is reached from all starting species with relatively low collision energies. Most interestingly, H atom loss is the only fragmentation channel observed for [HMo2O2S4]- at low collision energies, which relates to potential HER activity, since two such H atom binding sites on a surface may act together to release H2. The calculations reveal that multiple isomers are often very close in energy, especially for the hydrogenated species, i.e., atomic hydrogen can bind at various sites of the clusters. S2 groups play a decisive role in hydrogen adsorption. These are further features with potential relevance for HER catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pritzi
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Tobias F Pascher
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Marie-Luise Grutza
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Kurz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstrasse 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Martin K Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstrasse 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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3
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Baloglou A, Plattner M, Ončák M, Grutza M, Kurz P, Beyer MK. [Mo 3 S 13 ] 2- as a Model System for Hydrogen Evolution Catalysis by MoS x : Probing Protonation Sites in the Gas Phase by Infrared Multiple Photon Dissociation Spectroscopy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:5074-5077. [PMID: 33332676 PMCID: PMC7986116 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Materials based on molybdenum sulfide are known as efficient hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts. As the binding site for H atoms on molybdenum sulfides for the catalytic process is under debate, [HMo3 S13 ]- is an interesting molecular model system to address this question. Herein, we probe the [HMo3 S13 ]- cluster in the gas phase by coupling Fourier-transform ion-cyclotron-resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) with infrared multiple photon dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. Our investigations show one distinct S-H stretching vibration at 2450 cm-1 . Thermochemical arguments based on DFT calculations strongly suggest a terminal disulfide unit as the H adsorption site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Baloglou
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Manuel Plattner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Marie‐Luise Grutza
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Philipp Kurz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF)Albert-Ludwigs-Universität FreiburgAlbertstraße 2179104FreiburgGermany
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte PhysikUniversität InnsbruckTechnikerstraße 256020InnsbruckAustria
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4
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Baloglou A, Plattner M, Ončák M, Grutza M, Kurz P, Beyer MK. [Mo
3
S
13
]
2−
als Modellsystem für die katalytische Wasserstoffentwicklung durch MoS
x
: Untersuchung der Protonierungsstellen in der Gasphase durch Infrarot‐Mehrphotonendissoziationsspektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Baloglou
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Manuel Plattner
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
| | - Marie‐Luise Grutza
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Philipp Kurz
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie und Freiburger Materialforschungszentrum (FMF) Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Deutschland
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik Universität Innsbruck Technikerstraße 25 6020 Innsbruck Österreich
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5
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McMahon AJ, Jarrold CC. Using anion photoelectron spectroscopy of cluster models to gain insights into mechanisms of catalyst-mediated H 2 production from water. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:27936-27948. [PMID: 33201956 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05055e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal oxide cluster models of catalyst materials offer a powerful platform for probing the molecular-scale features and interactions that govern catalysis. This perspective gives an overview of studies implementing the combination of anion photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations toward exploring cluster models of metal oxides and metal-oxide supported Pt that catalytically drive the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or the water-gas shift reaction. The utility in the combination of these experimental and computational techniques lies in our ability to unambiguously determine electronic and molecular structures, which can then connect to results of reactivity studies. In particular, we focus on the activity of oxygen vacancies modeled by suboxide clusters, the critical mechanistic step of forming proximal metal hydride and hydroxide groups as a prerequisite for H2 production, and the structural features that lead to trapped dihydroxide groups. The pronounced asymmetric oxidation found in heterometallic group 6 oxides and near-neighbor group 5/group 6 results in higher activity toward water, while group 7/group 6 oxides form very specific stoichiometries that suggest facile regeneration. Studies on the trans-periodic combination of cerium oxide and platinum as a model for ceria supported Pt atoms and nanoparticles reveal striking negative charge accumulation by Pt, which, combined with the ionic conductivity of ceria, suggests a mechanism for the exceptionally high activity of this system towards the water-gas shift reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbey J McMahon
- Indiana University, Department of Chemistry, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
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6
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Zhang B, Fu X, Song L, Wu X. Computational Screening toward Hydrogen Evolution Reaction by the Introduction of Point Defects at the Edges of Group IVA Monochalcogenides: A First-Principles Study. J Phys Chem Lett 2020; 11:7664-7671. [PMID: 32835487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exploring materials with high hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance is of importance for the development of clean hydrogen energy, and the defects on the surfaces of catalysts are essential. In this work, we evaluate the HER performance among group IVA monochalcogenides MXs (M = Ge/Sn, X = S/Se) with M/X point defects on the edges. Compared with basal planes and bare edges, the GeS edge with Ge vacancy (ΔGH* = 0.016 eV), GeSe edge with Se vacancy (ΔGH* = 0.073 eV), and SnSe edge with Sn vacancy (ΔGH* = -0.037 eV) hold the best HER performances, which are comparable to or even better than the value for Pt (-0.07 eV). Furthermore, the relationships between ΔGH* and p-band centers of considered models are summarized. The stability of proposed electrocatalysts are analyzed by vacancy-formation energy and strain engineering. In summary, the HER performance of MXs is greatly improved by introduction of point defects at the edges, which is promising for their use as electrocatalysts for the conversion and storage of energy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiuli Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, and School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, P. R. China
| | - Li Song
- Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, CAS Ctr Excellence Nanosci, CAS Key Lab Strongly Coupled Quantum Matter Phys, Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei 230029, Anhui P. R. China
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Chemistry and Materials Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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7
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Gupta AK, Topolski JE, Nickson KA, Jarrold CC, Raghavachari K. Mo Insertion into the H2 Bond in MoxSy– + H2 Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7261-7269. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur K. Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Nickson
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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8
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Baloglou A, Ončák M, Grutza ML, van der Linde C, Kurz P, Beyer MK. Structural Properties of Gas Phase Molybdenum Sulfide Clusters [Mo 3S 13] 2-, [HMo 3S 13] -, and [H 3Mo 3S 13] + as Model Systems of a Promising Hydrogen Evolution Catalyst. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2019; 123:8177-8186. [PMID: 30984322 PMCID: PMC6453024 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.8b08324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous molybdenum sulfide (MoS x ) is a potent catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Since mechanistic investigations on amorphous solids are particularly difficult, we use a bottom-up approach and study the [Mo3S13]2- nanocluster and its protonated forms. The mass selected pure [Mo3S13]2- as well as singly and triply protonated [HMo3S13]- and [H3Mo3S13]+ ions, respectively, were investigated by a combination of collision induced dissociation (CID) experiments and quantum chemical calculations. A rich variety of H x S y elimination channels was observed, giving insight into the structural flexibility of the clusters. In particular, it was calculated that the observed clusters tend to keep the Mo3 ring structure found in the bulk and that protons adsorb primarily on terminal disulfide units of the cluster. Mo-H bonds are formed only for quasi-linear species with Mo centers featuring empty coordination sites. Protonation leads to increased cluster stability against CID. The rich variety of CID dissociation products for the triply protonated [H3Mo3S13]+ ion, however, suggests that it has a large degree of structural flexibility, with roaming H/SH moieties, which could be a key feature of MoS x to facilitate HER catalysis via a Volmer-Heyrovsky mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristeidis Baloglou
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Milan Ončák
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Marie-Luise Grutza
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian van der Linde
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Kurz
- Institut
für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstraße 21, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin K. Beyer
- Institut
für Ionenphysik und Angewandte Physik, Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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9
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Mason JL, Harb H, Huizenga CD, Ewigleben JC, Topolski JE, Hratchian HP, Jarrold CC. Electronic and Molecular Structures of the CeB6 Monomer. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:2040-2048. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrett L. Mason
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hassan Harb
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Caleb D. Huizenga
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Joshua C. Ewigleben
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Hrant P. Hratchian
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of California, Merced, 5200 North Lake Road, Merced, California 95343, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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10
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Schaugaard RN, Topolski JE, Ray M, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Insight into ethylene interactions with molybdenum suboxide cluster anions from photoelectron spectra of chemifragments. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:054308. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5008264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Richard N. Schaugaard
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Manisha Ray
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Indiana University Department of Chemistry, 800 East Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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11
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Wang YY, Deng JJ, Wang X, Che JT, Ding XL. Small stoichiometric (MoS2)n clusters with the 1T phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6365-6373. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07914a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stoichiometric (MoS2)n clusters (n = 1–6) were systematically studied by density functional theory calculations with hybrid B3LYP and pure GGA PW91 functionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ya Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jia-Jun Deng
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Tao Che
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Xun-Lei Ding
- Department of Mathematics and Physics
- North China Electric Power University
- Beijing
- P. R. China
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12
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Ray M, Schaugaard RN, Topolski JE, Kafader JO, Raghavachari K, Jarrold CC. Molybdenum Oxide Cluster Anion Reactions with C2H4 and H2O: Cooperativity and Chemifragmentation. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:41-52. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Richard N. Schaugaard
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Josey E. Topolski
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Jared O. Kafader
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Caroline Chick Jarrold
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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13
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Kumar CA, Saha A, Raghavachari K. Bond Activation and Hydrogen Evolution from Water through Reactions with M 3S 4 (M = Mo, W) and W 3S 3 Anionic Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:1760-1767. [PMID: 28212031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b11879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transition metal sulfides (TMS) are being investigated with increased frequency because of their ability to efficiently catalyze the hydrogen evolution reaction. We have studied the trimetallic TMS cluster ions, Mo3S4-, W3S4-, and W3S3-, and probed their efficiency for bond activation and hydrogen evolution from water. These clusters have geometries that are related to the edge sites on bulk MoS2 surfaces that are known to play a role in hydrogen evolution. Using density functional theory, the electronic structures of these clusters and their chemical reactivity with water have been investigated. The reaction mechanism involves the initial formation of hydroxyl and thiol groups, hydrogen migration to form an intermediate with a metal hydride bond, and finally, combination of a hydride and a proton to eliminate H2. Using this mechanism, free energy profiles of the reactions of the three metal clusters with water have been constructed. Unlike previous reactivity studies of other related cluster systems, there is no overall energy barrier in the reactions involving the M3S4 systems. The energy required for the rate-determining step of the reaction (the initial addition of the cluster by water) is lower than the separated reactants (-0.8 kcal/mol for Mo and -5.1 kcal/mol for W). They confirm the M3S4- cluster's ability to efficiently activate the chemical bonds in water to release H2. Though the W3S3- cluster is not as efficient at bond activation, it provides insights into the factors that contribute to the success of the M3S4 anionic systems in hydrogen evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine A Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Arjun Saha
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
| | - Krishnan Raghavachari
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University , Bloomington, Indiana 47405, United States
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14
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Adhikari D, Raghavachari K. Hydroxyl migration in heterotrimetallic clusters: an assessment of fluxionality pathways. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:11047-55. [PMID: 25345598 DOI: 10.1021/jp5080835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Water splitting at the unsaturated metal center and subsequent hydroxyl migration are key steps toward successful H2 liberation from cheap and abundant water using transition metal cluster anions. In this report we initiate a theoretical study (DFT) to assess the efficacy of heterometallic cores instead of the widely studied and well established homometallic cores. To accomplish this goal, one tungsten center in W3O6(-) core has been replaced by different transition metals such as titanium, technetium, and osmium. Introduction of the heterometal makes the core asymmetric and electronically anisotropic. To evaluate the efficiency of these heterometallic cores, fluxionality pathways for hydroxyl migration have been studied in detail. We show that the cores W2TcO6(-) (2) and W2OsO6(-) (3) can exhibit fluxionality for hydroxyl migration and thus can potentially facilitate H2 liberation from H2O. Notably, a new class of low-energy structures generated upon oxide bridge opening process and subsequent structural rearrangement facilitates the hydroxyl migration event. To illustrate the heterometallic effect further, we show that previously inaccessible energy barriers for hydroxyl migration in a homometallic trimolybdenum core become energetically achievable when one of the metals is replaced by a 5d element osmium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry and the Institute of Catalysis for Energy Processes, Northwestern University , Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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15
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Saha A, Raghavachari K. Electronic structures and water reactivity of mixed metal sulfide cluster anions. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:074305. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4892671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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