1
|
Akhtarian S, Miri S, Doostmohammadi A, Brar SK, Rezai P. Nanopore sensors for viral particle quantification: current progress and future prospects. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9189-9215. [PMID: 34709987 PMCID: PMC8810133 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1995991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive, and laboratory-free diagnostic of viral pathogens is highly critical in controlling viral pandemics. In recent years, nanopore-based sensors have been employed to detect, identify, and classify virus particles. By tracing ionic current containing target molecules across nano-scale pores, nanopore sensors can recognize the target molecules at the single-molecule level. In the case of viruses, they enable discrimination of individual viruses and obtaining important information on the physical and chemical properties of viral particles. Despite classical benchtop virus detection methods, such as amplification techniques (e.g., PCR) or immunological assays (e.g., ELISA), that are mainly laboratory-based, expensive and time-consuming, nanopore-based sensing methods can enable low-cost and real-time point-of-care (PoC) and point-of-need (PoN) monitoring of target viruses. This review discusses the limitations of classical virus detection methods in PoN virus monitoring and then provides a comprehensive overview of nanopore sensing technology and its emerging applications in quantifying virus particles and classifying virus sub-types. Afterward, it discusses the recent progress in the field of nanopore sensing, including integrating nanopore sensors with microfabrication technology, microfluidics and artificial intelligence, which have been demonstrated to be promising in developing the next generation of low-cost and portable biosensors for the sensitive recognition of viruses and emerging pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Akhtarian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saba Miri
- Department of Civil Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ali Doostmohammadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pouya Rezai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gangotra A, Willmott GR. Mechanical properties of bovine erythrocytes derived from ion current measurements using micropipettes. Bioelectrochemistry 2019; 128:204-210. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
3
|
Heider S, Muzard J, Zaruba M, Metzner C. Integrated Method for Purification and Single-Particle Characterization of Lentiviral Vector Systems by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 59:251-259. [PMID: 28567687 PMCID: PMC5486506 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elements derived from lentiviral particles such as viral vectors or virus-like particles are commonly used for biotechnological and biomedical applications, for example in mammalian protein expression, gene delivery or therapy, and vaccine development. Preparations of high purity are necessary in most cases, especially for clinical applications. For purification, a wide range of methods are available, from density gradient centrifugation to affinity chromatography. In this study we have employed size exclusion columns specifically designed for the easy purification of extracellular vesicles including exosomes. In addition to viral marker protein and total protein analysis, a well-established single-particle characterization technology, termed tunable resistive pulse sensing, was employed to analyze fractions of highest particle load and purity and characterize the preparations by size and surface charge/electrophoretic mobility. With this study, we propose an integrated platform combining size exclusion chromatography and tunable resistive pulse sensing for monitoring production and purification of viral particles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heider
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.,Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julien Muzard
- Izon Science, 8C Homersham Place, PO Box 39168, Burnside, Christchurch, 8053, New Zealand
| | - Marianne Zaruba
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Metzner
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Laborda E, Molina A, Batchelor-McAuley C, Compton RG. Individual Detection and Characterization of Non-Electrocatalytic, Redox-Inactive Particles in Solution by using Electrochemistry. ChemElectroChem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201701000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Laborda
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Angela Molina
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Química, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”; Universidad de Murcia; 30100 Murcia Spain
| | - Christopher Batchelor-McAuley
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; Oxford University; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | - Richard G. Compton
- Department of Chemistry, Physical & Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory; Oxford University; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rempfer G, Ehrhardt S, Holm C, de Graaf J. Nanoparticle Translocation through Conical Nanopores: A Finite Element Study of Electrokinetic Transport. MACROMOL THEOR SIMUL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/mats.201600051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Rempfer
- Institute for Computational Physics (ICP); University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sascha Ehrhardt
- Institute for Computational Physics (ICP); University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Christian Holm
- Institute for Computational Physics (ICP); University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Joost de Graaf
- Institute for Computational Physics (ICP); University of Stuttgart; Allmandring 3 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang L, Yamamoto T. Quantification of Virus Particles Using Nanopore-Based Resistive-Pulse Sensing Techniques. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1500. [PMID: 27713738 PMCID: PMC5031608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have drawn much attention in recent years due to increased recognition of their important roles in virology, immunology, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Because the biological and physical properties of viruses significantly impact their applications, quantitative detection of individual virus particles has become a critical issue. However, due to various inherent limitations of conventional enumeration techniques such as infectious titer assays, immunological assays, and electron microscopic observation, this issue remains challenging. Thanks to significant advances in nanotechnology, nanostructure-based electrical sensors have emerged as promising platforms for real-time, sensitive detection of numerous bioanalytes. In this paper, we review recent progress in nanopore-based electrical sensing, with particular emphasis on the application of this technique to the quantification of virus particles. Our aim is to provide insights into this novel nanosensor technology, and highlight its ability to enhance current understanding of a variety of viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takatoki Yamamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Weatherall E, Hauer P, Vogel R, Willmott GR. Pulse Size Distributions in Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8648-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Vogel
- Izon Science Limited, 8C Homersham Place, P.O. Box 39168,
Burnside, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The
Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sivakumaran M, Platt M. Tunable resistive pulse sensing: potential applications in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2197-214. [PMID: 27480794 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate characterization of nanomaterials used in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics is of paramount importance to realize the full potential of nanotechnology in medicine and to avoid unexpected and potentially harmful toxic effects due to these materials. A number of technical modalities are currently in use to study the physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials but they all have advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we discuss the potential of a relative newcomer, tunable resistive pulse sensing, for the characterization of nanomaterials and its applications in nanodiagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Weatherall E, Willmott GR. Conductive and Biphasic Pulses in Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:5328-35. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b00344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weatherall
- The MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical
and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- Callaghan Innovation, PO Box 31-310, Lower
Hutt 5040, New Zealand
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid
Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical
and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
- The
Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bogomolny E, Hong J, Blenkiron C, Simonov D, Dauros P, Swift S, Phillips A, Willmott GR. Analysis of bacteria-derived outer membrane vesicles using tunable resistive pulse sensing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1117/12.2078377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
|
11
|
Hauer P, Le Ru EC, Willmott GR. Co-ordinated detection of microparticles using tunable resistive pulse sensing and fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014110. [PMID: 25713692 PMCID: PMC4312361 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) has emerged as a useful tool for particle-by-particle detection and analysis of microparticles and nanoparticles as they pass through a pore in a thin stretchable membrane. We have adapted a TRPS device in order to conduct simultaneous optical measurements of particles passing through the pore. High-resolution fluorescence emission spectra have been recorded for individual 1.9 μm diameter particles at a sampling period of 4.3 ms. These spectra are time-correlated with RPS pulses in a current trace sampled every 20 μs. The flow rate through the pore, controlled by altering the hydrostatic pressure, determines the rate of particle detection. At pressures below 1 kPa, more than 90% of fluorescence and RPS events were matching. At higher pressures, some peaks were missed by the fluorescence technique due to the difference in sampling rates. This technique enhances the particle-by-particle specificity of conventional RPS measurements and could be useful for a range of particle characterization and bioanalysis applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hauer
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Eric C Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
This Review focusses on the recent surge in applied research using tunable resistive pulse sensing, a technique used to analyse submicron colloids in aqueous solutions on a particle-by-particle basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weatherall
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- Callaghan Innovation
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- The Departments of Physics and Chemistry
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nanoparticle ζ-potential measurements using tunable resistive pulse sensing with variable pressure. J Colloid Interface Sci 2014; 429:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2014.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
14
|
|
15
|
Willmott GR, Fisk MG, Eldridge J. Magnetic microbead transport during resistive pulse sensing. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2013; 7:64106. [PMID: 24396540 PMCID: PMC3855170 DOI: 10.1063/1.4833075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) experiments have been used to quantitatively study the motion of 1 μm superparamagnetic beads in a variable magnetic field. Closed-form theory has been developed to interpret the experiments, incorporating six particle transport mechanisms which depend on particle position in and near a conical pore. For our experiments, calculations indicate that pressure-driven flow dominates electrophoresis and magnetism by a factor of ∼100 in the narrowest part of the pore, but that magnetic force should dominate further than ∼1 mm from the membrane. As expected, the observed resistive pulse rate falls as the magnet is moved closer to the pore, while the increase in pulse duration suggests that trajectories in the half space adjacent to the pore opening are important. Aggregation was not observed, consistent with the high hydrodynamic shear near the pore constriction and the high magnetization of aggregates. The theoretical approach is also used to calculate the relative importance of transport mechanisms over a range of geometries and experimental conditions extending well beyond our own experiments. TRPS is emerging as a versatile form of resistive pulse sensing, while magnetic beads are widely used in biotechnology and sensing applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoff R Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand ; Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Rd., Lower Hutt, New Zealand
| | - Matthew G Fisk
- Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Rd., Lower Hutt, New Zealand ; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - James Eldridge
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand ; Callaghan Innovation, 69 Gracefield Rd., Lower Hutt, New Zealand ; School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| |
Collapse
|