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Li C, Zhan H, Yan J, Hao M, Lin E, Huang Y, Chen Z. A pure shift and spin echo based approach for high-resolution diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2019; 305:209-218. [PMID: 31310918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2019.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 07/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy (DOSY) can be used for separating mixture components according to their individual diffusion behaviors, thus offering a powerful tool for the analysis of compound mixtures. However, conventional DOSY experiments generally encounter the problem of limited resolution in the spectral domain, particularly for applications to complex mixtures that contains crowed resonances in 1D NMR. In addition, chemical exchange effects, bringing about spurious component signals, pose another limitation for interpreting DOSY measurements. Here, a general DOSY method is proposed based on pure shift extraction and spin echo evolution to obtain high-resolution 2D DOSY spectra, along with the suppression on effects of chemical exchange and J coupling. Both theoretical analyses and experimental results suggest that the proposed method is useful for high-resolution DOSY measurements on complex mixtures that contains crowded or even overlapped NMR resonances and exchanging spin systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haolin Zhan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Mengyou Hao
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Enping Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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2
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Müller MM, Gherardini S, Caruso F. Noise-robust quantum sensing via optimal multi-probe spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14278. [PMID: 30250214 PMCID: PMC6155286 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32434-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The dynamics of quantum systems are unavoidably influenced by their environment, but in turn observing a quantum system (probe) can allow one to measure its environment: Measurements and controlled manipulation of the probe such as dynamical decoupling sequences as an extension of the Ramsey interference measurement allow to spectrally resolve a noise field coupled to the probe. Here, we introduce fast and robust estimation strategies for the characterization of the spectral properties of classical and quantum dephasing environments. These strategies are based on filter function orthogonalization, optimal control filters maximizing the relevant Fisher Information and multi-qubit entanglement. We investigate and quantify the robustness of the schemes under different types of noise such as finite-precision measurements, dephasing of the probe, spectral leakage and slow temporal fluctuations of the spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias M Müller
- QSTAR, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, I-50125, Firenze, Italy
- CNR-INO, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125, Firenze, Italy
- LENS, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita' di Firenze, via Giovanni Sansone 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Stefano Gherardini
- QSTAR, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, I-50125, Firenze, Italy
- CNR-INO, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125, Firenze, Italy
- LENS, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita' di Firenze, via Giovanni Sansone 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Filippo Caruso
- QSTAR, Largo Enrico Fermi 2, I-50125, Firenze, Italy.
- CNR-INO, Largo Enrico Fermi 6, I-50125, Firenze, Italy.
- LENS, via Nello Carrara 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita' di Firenze, via Giovanni Sansone 1, I-50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
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Álvarez GA, Shemesh N, Frydman L. Internal gradient distributions: A susceptibility-derived tensor delivering morphologies by magnetic resonance. Sci Rep 2017; 7:3311. [PMID: 28607445 PMCID: PMC5468317 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03277-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance is a powerful tool for probing the structures of chemical and biological systems. Combined with field gradients it leads to NMR imaging (MRI), a widespread tool in non-invasive examinations. Sensitivity usually limits MRI’s spatial resolution to tens of micrometers, but other sources of information like those delivered by constrained diffusion processes, enable one extract morphological information down to micron and sub-micron scales. We report here on a new method that also exploits diffusion – isotropic or anisotropic– to sense morphological parameters in the nm-mm range, based on distributions of susceptibility-induced magnetic field gradients. A theoretical framework is developed to define this source of information, leading to the proposition of internal gradient-distribution tensors. Gradient-based spin-echo sequences are designed to measure these new observables. These methods can be used to map orientations even when dealing with unconstrained diffusion, as is here demonstrated with studies of structured systems, including tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo A Álvarez
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Centro Atómico Bariloche, CONICET, CNEA, 8400, S. C. de Bariloche, Argentina
| | - Noam Shemesh
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.,Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, 1400-138, Portugal
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel.
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Leskes M, Grey CP. Finite pulse effects in CPMG pulse trains on paramagnetic materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22311-20. [PMID: 26246217 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp02331a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence is commonly used in high resolution NMR spectroscopy and in magnetic resonance imaging for the measurement of transverse relaxation in systems that are subject to diffusion in internal or external gradients and is superior to the Hahn echo measurement, which is more sensitive to diffusion effects. Similarly, it can potentially be used to study dynamic processes in electrode materials for lithium ion batteries. Here we compare the (7)Li signal decay curves obtained with the CPMG and Hahn echo sequences under static conditions (i.e., in the absence of magic angle spinning) in paramagnetic materials with varying transition metal ion concentrations. Our results indicate that under CPMG pulse trains the lifetime of the (7)Li signal is substantially extended and is correlated with the strength of the electron-nuclear interaction. Numerical simulations and analytical calculations using Floquet theory suggest that the combination of large interactions and a train of finite pulses, results in a spin locking effect which significantly slows the signal's decay. While these effects complicate the interpretation of CPMG-based investigations of diffusion and chemical exchange in paramagnetic materials, they may provide a useful approach to extend the signal's lifetime in these often fast relaxing systems, enabling the use of correlation experiments. Furthermore, these results highlight the importance of developing a deeper understanding of the effects of the large paramagnetic interactions during multiple pulse experiments in order to extend the experimental arsenal available for static and in situ NMR investigations of paramagnetic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Leskes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, CB2 1EW, Cambridge, UK.
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Liu C, Li W, Tong KA, Yeom KW, Kuzminski S. Susceptibility-weighted imaging and quantitative susceptibility mapping in the brain. J Magn Reson Imaging 2014; 42:23-41. [PMID: 25270052 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) is a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that enhances image contrast by using the susceptibility differences between tissues. It is created by combining both magnitude and phase in the gradient echo data. SWI is sensitive to both paramagnetic and diamagnetic substances which generate different phase shift in MRI data. SWI images can be displayed as a minimum intensity projection that provides high resolution delineation of the cerebral venous architecture, a feature that is not available in other MRI techniques. As such, SWI has been widely applied to diagnose various venous abnormalities. SWI is especially sensitive to deoxygenated blood and intracranial mineral deposition and, for that reason, has been applied to image various pathologies including intracranial hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, stroke, neoplasm, and multiple sclerosis. SWI, however, does not provide quantitative measures of magnetic susceptibility. This limitation is currently being addressed with the development of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and susceptibility tensor imaging (STI). While QSM treats susceptibility as isotropic, STI treats susceptibility as generally anisotropic characterized by a tensor quantity. This article reviews the basic principles of SWI, its clinical and research applications, the mechanisms governing brain susceptibility properties, and its practical implementation, with a focus on brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Liu
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Karen A Tong
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Kristen W Yeom
- Department of Radiology, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Samuel Kuzminski
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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