1
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Ohno S, Uratani H, Nakai H. Implementation of Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics for Intersystem Crossing Based on a Time-Dependent Density-Functional Tight-Binding Method. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38990848 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c02422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Intersystem crossing (ISC) and internal conversion (IC) are types of nonadiabatic transitions that play important roles in a wide range of fields, including photochemistry, photophysics, and photobiology. The nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NA-MD) method is a powerful tool for computational simulations of dynamic phenomena involving nonadiabatic transitions. In this study, we implemented the NA-MD method, which treats ISC and IC on an equal footing, where the electronic structure is treated at the level of the time-dependent (TD) density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) method, a low-cost semiempirical analog of TD density functional theory (DFT). In particular, the spin-orbit coupling calculation algorithm was implemented in the TD-DFTB framework, and the results showed trends similar to those obtained using TD-DFT. In addition, the NA-MD method successfully reproduced ultrafast ISC of 2-nitronaphthalene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Ohno
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Hiroki Uratani
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto Daigaku-Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
| | - Hiromi Nakai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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2
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Vandaele E, Mališ M, Luber S. The Role of Aqueous Solvation on the Intersystem Crossing of Nitrophenols. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20:3258-3272. [PMID: 38606908 PMCID: PMC11044273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c01400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
The photochemistry of nitrophenols is a source of smog as nitrous acid is formed from their photolysis. Nevertheless, computational studies of the photochemistry of these widespread toxic molecules are scarce. In this work, the initial photodeactivation of ortho-nitrophenol and para-nitrophenol is modeled, both in gas phase and in aqueous solution to simulate atmospheric and aerosol environments. A large number of excited states, six for ortho-nitrophenol and 11 for para-nitrophenol, have been included and were all populated during the decay. Moreover, periodic time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is used for both the explicitly included solvent and the solute. A comparison to periodic QM/MM (TDDFT/MM), with electrostatic embedding, is made, showing notable differences between the decays of solvated nitrophenols simulated with QM/MM and full (TD)DFT. A reduced intersystem crossing in aqueous solution could be observed thanks to the surface hopping approach using explicit, periodic TDDFT solvation including spin-orbit couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Vandaele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Momir Mališ
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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3
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Liu XY, Chen WK, Fang WH, Cui G. Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulations for Photoinduced Processes in Molecules and Semiconductors: Methodologies and Applications. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37984502 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics (NAMD) simulations have become powerful tools for elucidating complicated photoinduced processes in various systems from molecules to semiconductor materials. In this review, we present an overview of our recent research on photophysics of molecular systems and periodic semiconductor materials with the aid of ab initio NAMD simulation methods implemented in the generalized trajectory surface-hopping (GTSH) package. Both theoretical backgrounds and applications of the developed NAMD methods are presented in detail. For molecular systems, the linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) method is primarily used to model electronic structures in NAMD simulations owing to its balanced efficiency and accuracy. Moreover, the efficient algorithms for calculating nonadiabatic coupling terms (NACTs) and spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) have been coded into the package to increase the simulation efficiency. In combination with various analysis techniques, we can explore the mechanistic details of the photoinduced dynamics of a range of molecular systems, including charge separation and energy transfer processes in organic donor-acceptor structures, ultrafast intersystem crossing (ISC) processes in transition metal complexes (TMCs), and exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates. For semiconductor materials, we developed the NAMD methods for simulating the photoinduced carrier dynamics within the framework of the Kohn-Sham density functional theory (KS-DFT), in which SOC effects are explicitly accounted for using the two-component, noncollinear DFT method. Using this method, we have investigated the photoinduced carrier dynamics at the interface of a variety of van der Waals (vdW) heterojunctions, such as two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and perovskites-related systems. Recently, we extended the LR-TDDFT-based NAMD method for semiconductor materials, allowing us to study the excitonic effects in the photoinduced energy transfer process. These results demonstrate that the NAMD simulations are powerful tools for exploring the photodynamics of molecular systems and semiconductor materials. In future studies, the NAMD simulation methods can be employed to elucidate experimental phenomena and reveal microscopic details as well as rationally design novel photofunctional materials with desired properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, P. R. China
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4
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Liao C, Kasper JM, Jenkins AJ, Yang P, Batista ER, Frisch MJ, Li X. State Interaction Linear Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory with Perturbative Spin-Orbit Coupling: Benchmark and Perspectives. JACS AU 2023; 3:358-367. [PMID: 36873704 PMCID: PMC9975852 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.2c00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is an important driving force in photochemistry. In this work, we develop a perturbative spin-orbit coupling method within the linear response time-dependent density function theory framework (TDDFT-SO). A full state interaction scheme, including singlet-triplet and triplet-triplet coupling, is introduced to describe not only the coupling between the ground and excited states, but also between excited states with all couplings between spin microstates. In addition, expressions to compute spectral oscillator strengths are presented. Scalar relativity is included variationally using the second-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian, and the TDDFT-SO method is validated against variational SOC relativistic methods for atomic, diatomic, and transition metal complexes to determine the range of applicability and potential limitations. To demonstrate the robustness of TDDFT-SO for large-scale chemical systems, the UV-Vis spectrum of Au25(SR)18 - is computed and compared to experiment. Perspectives on the limitation, accuracy, and capability of perturbative TDDFT-SO are presented via analyses of benchmark calculations. Additionally, an open-source Python software package (PyTDDFT-SO) is developed and released to interface with the Gaussian 16 quantum chemistry software package to perform this calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Liao
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Joseph M. Kasper
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Andrew J. Jenkins
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
| | - Ping Yang
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Enrique R. Batista
- Theoretical
Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Michael J. Frisch
- Gaussian
Inc., 340 Quinnipiac Street, Bldg 40, Wallingford, Connecticut06492, United States
| | - Xiaosong Li
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington98195, United States
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5
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Liu J, Hu W, Yang J. Accelerating Linear-Response Time-Dependent Hybrid Density Functional Theory with Low-Rank Decomposition Techniques in the Plane-Wave Basis. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:6713-6721. [PMID: 36242561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We present an efficient low-rank implementation of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory for hybrid functionals (hybrid-LR-TDDFT) within the plane-wave pseudopotential framework. The adaptively compressed exchange (ACE) operator and the natural transition orbitals (NTOs) are introduced to build the low-rank representation of the nonlocal exchange operator in the hybrid-LR-TDDFT Hamiltonian. Numerical tests demonstrate that the ACE approximation significantly reduces the computational cost of applying the nonlocal exchange operator without loss of accuracy, and the NTO approximation can further accelerate the hybrid-LR-TDDFT calculations by introducing an NTO cutoff parameter. This new method enables us to effectively study the excitonic properties of two-dimensional MoS2 consisting of 216 atoms and ∼1900 electrons with range-separated hybrid functionals on a single graphics processing unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230088, China.,Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui230026, China
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6
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Liang W, Pei Z, Mao Y, Shao Y. Evaluation of molecular photophysical and photochemical properties using linear response time-dependent density functional theory with classical embedding: Successes and challenges. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:210901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) based approaches have been developed in recent years to model the excited-state properties and transition processes of the molecules in the gas-phase and in a condensed medium, such as in a solution and protein microenvironment or near semiconductor and metal surfaces. In the latter case, usually, classical embedding models have been adopted to account for the molecular environmental effects, leading to the multi-scale approaches of TDDFT/polarizable continuum model (PCM) and TDDFT/molecular mechanics (MM), where a molecular system of interest is designated as the quantum mechanical region and treated with TDDFT, while the environment is usually described using either a PCM or (non-polarizable or polarizable) MM force fields. In this Perspective, we briefly review these TDDFT-related multi-scale models with a specific emphasis on the implementation of analytical energy derivatives, such as the energy gradient and Hessian, the nonadiabatic coupling, the spin–orbit coupling, and the transition dipole moment as well as their nuclear derivatives for various radiative and radiativeless transition processes among electronic states. Three variations of the TDDFT method, the Tamm–Dancoff approximation to TDDFT, spin–flip DFT, and spin-adiabatic TDDFT, are discussed. Moreover, using a model system (pyridine–Ag20 complex), we emphasize that caution is needed to properly account for system–environment interactions within the TDDFT/MM models. Specifically, one should appropriately damp the electrostatic embedding potential from MM atoms and carefully tune the van der Waals interaction potential between the system and the environment. We also highlight the lack of proper treatment of charge transfer between the quantum mechanics and MM regions as well as the need for accelerated TDDFT modelings and interpretability, which calls for new method developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zheng Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuezhi Mao
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yihan Shao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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7
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Mališ M, Vandaele E, Luber S. Spin-Orbit Couplings for Nonadiabatic Molecular Dynamics at the ΔSCF Level. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:4082-4094. [PMID: 35666703 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A procedure for the calculation of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) at the delta self-consistent field (ΔSCF) level of theory is presented. Singlet and triplet excited electronic states obtained with the ΔSCF method are expanded into a linear combination of singly excited Slater determinants composed of ground electronic state Kohn-Sham orbitals. This alleviates the nonorthogonality between excited and ground electronic states and introduces a framework, similar to the auxiliary wave function at the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) level, for the calculation of observables. The ΔSCF observables of the formaldehyde system were compared to reference TD-DFT values. Our procedure gives all components (energies, gradients, nonadiabatic couplings, and SOC terms) at the ΔSCF level of theory for conducting efficient, full-atomistic nonadiabatic molecular dynamics with intersystem crossing, particularly in condensed phase systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momir Mališ
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Eva Vandaele
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Luber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zürich, Switzerland
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8
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Wasif Baig M, Pederzoli M, Kývala M, Cwiklik L, Pittner J. Theoretical Investigation of the Effect of Alkylation and Bromination on Intersystem Crossing in BODIPY-Based Photosensitizers. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:11617-11627. [PMID: 34661408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c05236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated and alkylated BODIPY derivatives are reported as suitable candidates for their use as photosensitizers in photodynamic therapy due to their efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) between states of different spin multiplicities. Spin-orbit couplings (SOCs) are evaluated using an effective one-electron spin-orbit Hamiltonian for brominated and alkylated BODIPY derivatives to investigate the quantitative effect of alkyl and bromine substituents on ISC. BODIPY derivatives containing bromine atoms have been found to have significantly stronger SOCs than alkylated BODIPY derivatives outside the Frank-Condon region while they are nearly the same at local minima. Based on calculated time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) vertical excitation energies and SOCs, excited-state dynamics of three BODIPY derivatives were further explored with TD-DFT surface hopping molecular dynamics employing a simple accelerated approach. Derivatives containing bromine atoms have been found to have very similar lifetimes, which are much shorter than those of the derivatives possessing just the alkyl moieties. However, both bromine atoms and alkyl moieties reduce the HOMO/LUMO gap, thus assisting the derivatives to behave as efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Wasif Baig
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Science, Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 8, Prague 12840, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Pederzoli
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
| | - Mojmír Kývala
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovonám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Lukasz Cwiklik
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovonám. 2, Prague 16610, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pittner
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Dolejškova 2155/3, Prague 18223, Czech Republic
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9
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Abstract
In this article, we review nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) methods for modeling spin-crossover transitions. First, we discuss different representations of electronic states employed in the grid-based and direct NAMD simulations. The nature of interstate couplings in different representations is highlighted, with the main focus on nonadiabatic and spin-orbit couplings. Second, we describe three NAMD methods that have been used to simulate spin-crossover dynamics, including trajectory surface hopping, ab initio multiple spawning, and multiconfiguration time-dependent Hartree. Some aspects of employing different electronic structure methods to obtain information about potential energy surfaces and interstate couplings for NAMD simulations are also discussed. Third, representative applications of NAMD to spin crossovers in molecular systems of different sizes and complexities are highlighted. Finally, we pose several fundamental questions related to spin-dependent processes. These questions should be possible to address with future methodological developments in NAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mukherjee
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire, CNRS 7273, Aix-Marseille University, 13013 Marseille, France;
| | - Dmitry A Fedorov
- Oak Ridge Associated Universities, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, USA;
| | - Sergey A Varganov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, USA;
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10
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Bussy A, Hutter J. Efficient and low-scaling linear-response time-dependent density functional theory implementation for core-level spectroscopy of large and periodic systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4736-4746. [PMID: 33598668 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp06164f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We discuss our implementation of linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) for core level near-edge absorption spectroscopy. The method is based on established LR-TDDFT approaches to X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) with additional accurate approximations for increased efficiency. We validate our implementation by reproducing benchmark results at the K-edge and showing that spin-orbit coupling effects at the L2,3-edge are well described. We also demonstrate that the method is suitable for extended systems in periodic boundary conditions and measure a favorable sub-cubic scaling of the calculation cost with system size. We finally show that GPUs can be efficiently exploited and report speedups of up to a factor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Bussy
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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11
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Liu J, Hu W, Yang J. Two-level iterative solver for linear response time-dependent density functional theory with plane wave basis set. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:064101. [PMID: 33588554 DOI: 10.1063/5.0032464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a two-level iterative solver for linear response time-dependent density functional theory by combining two forms of the Casida equation in the Kohn-Sham orbital representation and in Hutter's formulation. This two-level iterative solver has been implemented with the plane wave pseudopotential method for excited-state simulations of molecular and low-dimensional solid materials. Numerical studies with the Davidson algorithm demonstrate that this two-level iterative solver yields excited-state properties for molecules (benzene C6H6 and fullerene C60) and low-dimensional semiconductors [two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide MoS2 monolayer and rutile titanium dioxide TiO2(110) surface] with significantly reduced computational cost and storage requirement compared with standard iterative algorithms. We apply our approach to investigate the photoinduced charge separation of methanol molecules adsorption on the rutile TiO2(110) surface from the exciton perspective and validate that the photogenerated hole can be captured by methanol molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jinlong Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Chemical Physics, and Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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12
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Schira R, Latouche C. DFT vs. TDDFT vs. TDA to simulate phosphorescence spectra of Pt- and Ir-based complexes. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:746-753. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03614e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A quantum investigation of the optical (mainly luminescence) properties of twelve transition metal complexes using DFT, TDDFT and TDA computations is presented. Unrestricted DFT and TDA outperform TDDFT for the investigated complexes especially when an Ir centre is present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Schira
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- IMN
- F-44000 Nantes
| | - Camille Latouche
- Université de Nantes
- CNRS
- Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel
- IMN
- F-44000 Nantes
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13
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Eng J, Penfold TJ. Understanding and Designing Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters: Beyond the Energy Gap Approximation. CHEM REC 2020; 20:831-856. [PMID: 32267093 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article recent progress in the development of molecules exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (TADF) is discussed with a particular focus upon their application as emitters in highly efficient organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). The key aspects controlling the desirable functional properties, e. g. fast intersystem crossing, high radiative rate and unity quantum yield, are introduced with a particular focus upon the competition between the key requirements needed to achieve high performance OLEDs. The design rules required for organic and metal organic materials are discussed, and the correlation between them outlined. Recent progress towards understanding the influence of the interaction between a molecule and its environment are explained as is the role of the mechanism for excited state formation in OLEDs. Finally, all of these aspects are combined to discuss the ability to implement high level design rules for achieving higher quality materials for commercial applications. This article highlights the significant progress that has been made in recent years, but also outlines the significant challenges which persist to achieve a full understanding of the TADF mechanism and improve the stability and performance of these materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Eng
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Thomas J Penfold
- Chemistry, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
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14
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Talotta F, Morisset S, Rougeau N, Lauvergnat D, Agostini F. Spin-Orbit Interactions in Ultrafast Molecular Processes. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:033001. [PMID: 32031839 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigate spin-orbit interactions in ultrafast molecular processes employing the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function. We revisit the original derivation by including spin-orbit coupling, and show how the dynamics driven by the time-dependent potential energy surface alleviates inconsistencies arising from different electronic representations. We propose a novel trajectory-based scheme to simulate spin-forbidden non-radiative processes, and we show its performance in the treatment of excited-state dynamics where spin-orbit effects couple different spin multiplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Talotta
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Sabine Morisset
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Nathalie Rougeau
- Institut de Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay, UMR 8214 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
| | - Federica Agostini
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, UMR 8000 CNRS/University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, 91405 Orsay, France
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15
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Soto J, Otero JC. Conservation of El-Sayed’s Rules in the Photolysis of Phenyl Azide: Two Independent Decomposition Doorways for Alternate Direct Formation of Triplet and Singlet Phenylnitrene. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9053-9060. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b06915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
| | - Juan C. Otero
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
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16
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Ibele LM, Nicolson A, Curchod BFE. Excited-state dynamics of molecules with classically driven trajectories and Gaussians. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1665199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lea M. Ibele
- Department of Chemistry, Durham University, Durham, UK
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17
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Holzer C, Klopper W. Ionized, electron-attached, and excited states of molecular systems with spin–orbit coupling: Two-component GW and Bethe–Salpeter implementations. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204116. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5094244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christof Holzer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P. O. Box 6980, D-76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Wim Klopper
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), KIT Campus South, P. O. Box 6980, D-76049 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Study (CAS) at The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Drammensveien 78, N-0271 Oslo, Norway
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18
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Fang YG, Peng LY, Liu XY, Fang WH, Cui G. QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulation on ultrafast excited-state relaxation in osmium(II) compounds in solution. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2019.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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19
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Soto J, Otero JC, Avila FJ, Peláez D. Conical intersections and intersystem crossings explain product formation in photochemical reactions of aryl azides. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:2389-2396. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Photochemistry of substituted aryl azides is governed by surface crossings. Internal conversion and intersystem crossing govern photodecomposition of 3-methoxyphenyl azide and 4-methoxyphenyl azide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Juan C. Otero
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Francisco J. Avila
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071 Málaga
- Spain
| | - Daniel Peláez
- Univ. Lille
- CNRS
- UMR 8523 - PhLAM - Physique des Lasers Atomes et Molécules
- F-59000 Lille
- France
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20
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Crespo-Otero R, Barbatti M. Recent Advances and Perspectives on Nonadiabatic Mixed Quantum–Classical Dynamics. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7026-7068. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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21
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Penfold TJ, Gindensperger E, Daniel C, Marian CM. Spin-Vibronic Mechanism for Intersystem Crossing. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6975-7025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 401] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Penfold
- Chemistry - School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Etienne Gindensperger
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie UMR-7177, CNRS - Université de Strasbourg, 1 Rue Blaise Pascal 67008 Strasbourg, France
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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22
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Fedorov DA, Lykhin AO, Varganov SA. Predicting Intersystem Crossing Rates with AIMS-DFT Molecular Dynamics. J Phys Chem A 2018. [PMID: 29533626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A. Fedorov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
| | - Aleksandr O. Lykhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Siberian Federal University, 79 Svobodny Prospect, Krasnoyarsk, Krasnoyarsk krai, 660041, Russia
| | - Sergey A. Varganov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557-0216, United States
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23
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Rozzi CA, Troiani F, Tavernelli I. Quantum modeling of ultrafast photoinduced charge separation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2018; 30:013002. [PMID: 29047450 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa948a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phenomena involving electron transfer are ubiquitous in nature, photosynthesis and enzymes or protein activity being prominent examples. Their deep understanding thus represents a mandatory scientific goal. Moreover, controlling the separation of photogenerated charges is a crucial prerequisite in many applicative contexts, including quantum electronics, photo-electrochemical water splitting, photocatalytic dye degradation, and energy conversion. In particular, photoinduced charge separation is the pivotal step driving the storage of sun light into electrical or chemical energy. If properly mastered, these processes may also allow us to achieve a better command of information storage at the nanoscale, as required for the development of molecular electronics, optical switching, or quantum technologies, amongst others. In this Topical Review we survey recent progress in the understanding of ultrafast charge separation from photoexcited states. We report the state-of-the-art of the observation and theoretical description of charge separation phenomena in the ultrafast regime mainly focusing on molecular- and nano-sized solar energy conversion systems. In particular, we examine different proposed mechanisms driving ultrafast charge dynamics, with particular regard to the role of quantum coherence and electron-nuclear coupling, and link experimental observations to theoretical approaches based either on model Hamiltonians or on first principles simulations.
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24
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Abstract
The foundations, formalisms, technicalities, and practicalities of relativistic time-dependent density functional theories (R-TD-DFT) for spinor excited states of molecular systems containing heavy elements are critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjian Liu
- Beijing National Center for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
| | - Yunlong Xiao
- Beijing National Center for Molecular Sciences
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- Peking University
- Beijing 100871
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25
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Duan JX, Zhou Y, Xie ZZ, Sun TL, Cao J. Incorporating spin–orbit effects into surface hopping dynamics using the diagonal representation: a linear-response time-dependent density functional theory implementation with applications to 2-thiouracil. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:15445-15454. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evaluation of SOC values employs Casida's wave functions and the Breit–Pauli spin–orbit Hamiltonian with effective charge approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xin Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Yun Zhou
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science
- Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology
- Guizhou Normal College
- Guiyang
- China
| | - Zhi-Zhong Xie
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Life Sciences
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan 430070
| | - Tao-Lei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing
- Wuhan University of Technology
- Wuhan
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Cao
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Computational Nano-material Science
- Guizhou Synergetic Innovation Center of Scientific Big Data for Advanced Manufacturing Technology
- Guizhou Normal College
- Guiyang
- China
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26
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Aranda D, Avila FJ, López-Tocón I, Arenas JF, Otero JC, Soto J. An MS-CASPT2 study of the photodecomposition of 4-methoxyphenyl azide: role of internal conversion and intersystem crossing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7764-7771. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00147b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Photoexcitation of 4-methoxyphenyl azide at 266 nm yields triplet nitrene after decaying through an intersystem crossing (ISC1, 21A′/23A′′) in a first step followed by internal conversion (CI2, 23A′′/13A′′).
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aranda
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071-Málaga
- Spain
| | - Francisco J. Avila
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071-Málaga
- Spain
| | - Isabel López-Tocón
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071-Málaga
- Spain
| | - Juan F. Arenas
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071-Málaga
- Spain
| | - Juan C. Otero
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071-Málaga
- Spain
| | - Juan Soto
- Department of Physical Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Málaga
- E-29071-Málaga
- Spain
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27
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Dinkelbach F, Kleinschmidt M, Marian CM. Assessment of Interstate Spin–Orbit Couplings from Linear Response Amplitudes. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:749-766. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b01122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Dinkelbach
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martin Kleinschmidt
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christel M. Marian
- Institute of Theoretical
and Computational Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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28
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Gao X, Bai S, Fazzi D, Niehaus T, Barbatti M, Thiel W. Evaluation of Spin-Orbit Couplings with Linear-Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:515-524. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Gao
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Shuming Bai
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Niehaus
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz, D-45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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29
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Capano G, Penfold TJ, Chergui M, Tavernelli I. Photophysics of a copper phenanthroline elucidated by trajectory and wavepacket-based quantum dynamics: a synergetic approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19590-19600. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00436b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
On-the-fly excited state molecular dynamics is a valuable method for studying non-equilibrium processes in excited states and is beginning to emerge as a mature approach much like its ground state counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Capano
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS)
- ISIC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1014 Lausanne
- Switzerland
| | - T. J. Penfold
- School of Chemistry
- Newcastle University
- Newcastle upon Tyne
- UK
| | - M. Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS)
- ISIC, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
- 1014 Lausanne
- Switzerland
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30
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Arbelo-González W, Crespo-Otero R, Barbatti M. Steady and Time-Resolved Photoelectron Spectra Based on Nuclear Ensembles. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:5037-5049. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmer Arbelo-González
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaizer-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Rachel Crespo-Otero
- School
of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Barbatti
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaizer-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ICR, Marseille, France
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31
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Franco de Carvalho F, Tavernelli I. Nonadiabatic dynamics with intersystem crossings: A time-dependent density functional theory implementation. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:224105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4936864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Franco de Carvalho
- Centre Européen de Calcul Atomique et Moléculaire, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I. Tavernelli
- IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, 8803 Ruschlikon, Switzerland
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32
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Mai S, Müller T, Plasser F, Marquetand P, Lischka H, González L. Perturbational treatment of spin-orbit coupling for generally applicable high-level multi-reference methods. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:074105. [PMID: 25149773 DOI: 10.1063/1.4892060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient perturbational treatment of spin-orbit coupling within the framework of high-level multi-reference techniques has been implemented in the most recent version of the Columbus quantum chemistry package, extending the existing fully variational two-component (2c) multi-reference configuration interaction singles and doubles (MRCISD) method. The proposed scheme follows related implementations of quasi-degenerate perturbation theory (QDPT) model space techniques. Our model space is built either from uncontracted, large-scale scalar relativistic MRCISD wavefunctions or based on the scalar-relativistic solutions of the linear-response-theory-based multi-configurational averaged quadratic coupled cluster method (LRT-MRAQCC). The latter approach allows for a consistent, approximatively size-consistent and size-extensive treatment of spin-orbit coupling. The approach is described in detail and compared to a number of related techniques. The inherent accuracy of the QDPT approach is validated by comparing cuts of the potential energy surfaces of acrolein and its S, Se, and Te analoga with the corresponding data obtained from matching fully variational spin-orbit MRCISD calculations. The conceptual availability of approximate analytic gradients with respect to geometrical displacements is an attractive feature of the 2c-QDPT-MRCISD and 2c-QDPT-LRT-MRAQCC methods for structure optimization and ab inito molecular dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Mai
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute for Advanced Simulation, Jülich Supercomputing Centre, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Felix Plasser
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 368, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Marquetand
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans Lischka
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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33
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Tavernelli I. Nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations: synergies between theory and experiments. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:792-800. [PMID: 25647401 DOI: 10.1021/ar500357y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in nonadiabatic dynamics enabled ab inito simulations of complex ultrafast processes in the condensed phase. These advances have opened new avenues in the study of many photophysical and photochemical reactions triggered by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. In particular, theoretical investigations can be combined with the most sophisticated femtosecond experimental techniques to guide the interpretation of measured time-resolved observables. At the same time, the availability of experimental data at high (spatial and time) resolution offers a unique opportunity for the benchmarking and the improvement of those theoretical models used to describe complex molecular systems in their natural environment. The established synergy between theory and experiments can produce a better understanding of new ultrafast physical and chemical processes at atomistic scale resolution. Furthermore, reliable ab inito molecular dynamics simulations can already be successfully employed as predictive tools to guide new experiments as well as the design of novel and better performing materials. In this paper, I will give a concise account on the state of the art of molecular dynamics simulations of complex molecular systems in their excited states. The principal aim of this approach is the description of a given system of interest under the most realistic ambient conditions including all environmental effects that influence experiments, for instance, the interaction with the solvent and with external time-dependent electric fields, temperature, and pressure. To this end, time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) is among the most efficient and accurate methods for the representation of the electronic dynamics, while trajectory surface hopping gives a valuable representation of the nuclear quantum dynamics in the excited states (including nonadiabatic effects). Concerning the environment and its effects on the dynamics, the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach has the advantage of providing an atomistic (even though approximated) description of the solvent molecules, which is crucial for the characterization of all ultrafast relaxation phenomena that depend on the geometrical arrangement at the interface between a molecule and the solvent, for example, the hydrogen bond network. After a short description of the TDDFT-based implementation of Ehrenfest and trajectory surface hopping dynamics, I will present applications in different domains of molecular chemistry and physics: the analysis and the understanding of (time-resolved) X-ray absorption spectra, the interpretation of the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of photoexcited dyes in solution, and the design of specific laser pulses (capable of inducing desired chemical reactions) using local control theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivano Tavernelli
- Laboratory
of Computational
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laussane 1015, Switzerland
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34
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Latouche C, Baiardi A, Barone V. Virtual Eyes Designed for Quantitative Spectroscopy of Inorganic Complexes: Vibronic Signatures in the Phosphorescence Spectra of Terpyridine Derivatives. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:7253-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510589u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Latouche
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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35
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An overview of nonadiabatic dynamics simulations methods, with focus on the direct approach versus the fitting of potential energy surfaces. Theor Chem Acc 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-014-1526-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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36
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Barbatti M, Crespo-Otero R. Surface Hopping Dynamics with DFT Excited States. DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL METHODS FOR EXCITED STATES 2014; 368:415-44. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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