1
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Garcia-Alvarez JC, Gozem S. Absorption Intensities of Organic Molecules from Electronic Structure Calculations versus Experiments: the Effect of Solvation, Method, Basis Set, and Transition Moment Gauge. J Chem Theory Comput 2024; 20. [PMID: 39141425 PMCID: PMC11360136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.4c00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Recently, we derived experimental oscillator strengths (OSs) from well-defined UV-visible absorption spectral peaks of 100 molecules in solution. Here, we focus on a subset of transitions with the highest reliability to further benchmark the OSs from several wave function methods and density functionals. We consider multiple basis sets, transition moment gauges (length, velocity, and mixed), and solvent corrections. Most transitions in the comparison set come from conjugated molecules and have π → π* character. We use an automated algorithm to assign computed transitions to experimental bands. OSs computed using the Tamm-Dancoff approximation (TDA), CIS, or EOM-CCSD exhibited a strong gauge dependence, which is diminished in linear response theories (TD-DFT, TD-HF, and to a smaller degree LR-CCSD). OSs calculated from TD-DFT with PCM solvent models are systematically larger than apparent OSs derived from experimental spectra. For example, fcomp from hybrid functionals and PCM have mean absolute errors that are ∼10% of n·fexp, where n is a solvent refractive index factor that arises from the energy flux of the radiation field in a dielectric (solvent). Theoretical cavity field corrections considering spherical cavities do not improve the agreement between computed and experimental data. Corrections that account for the molecular shape and the direction of transition dipole moments, or that explicitly account for the effect of solvent molecules on the local field, should be more appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia
State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
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2
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Dall'Osto G, Corni S. Time-dependent surface-enhanced Raman scattering: A theoretical approach. J Chem Phys 2024; 161:044103. [PMID: 39037131 DOI: 10.1063/5.0214564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A new procedure for computing the time-dependent Raman scattering of molecules in the proximity of plasmonic nanoparticles (NPs) is proposed, drawing inspiration from the pioneering Lee and Heller's theory. This strategy is based on a preliminary simulation of the molecular vibronic wavefunction in the presence of a plasmonic nanostructure and an incident light pulse. Subsequently, the Raman signal is evaluated through an inverse Fourier Transform of the coefficients' dynamics. Employing a multiscale approach, the system is treated by coupling the quantum mechanical description of the molecule with the polarizable continuum model for the NP. This method offers a unique advantage by providing insights into the time evolution of the plasmon-enhanced Raman signal, tracking the dynamics of the incident electric field. It not only provides for the total Raman signal at the process's conclusion but also gives transient information. Importantly, the flexibility of this approach allows for the simulation of various incident electric field profiles, enabling a closer alignment with experimental setups. This adaptability ensures that the method is relevant and applicable to diverse real-world scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Dall'Osto
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35100, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, Padova 35100, Italy
- CNR Institute of Nanoscience, via Campi 213/A, Modena 41100, Italy
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3
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Zossimova E, Fiedler J, Vollmer F, Walter M. Hybrid quantum-classical polarizability model for single molecule biosensing. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5820-5828. [PMID: 38436120 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05396b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Optical whispering gallery mode biosensors are able to detect single molecules through effects of their polarizability. We address the factors that affect the polarizability of amino acids, which are the building blocks of life, via electronic structure theory. Amino acids are detected in aqueous environments, where their polarizability is different compared to the gasphase due to solvent effects. Solvent effects include structural changes, protonation and the local field enhancement through the solvent (water). We analyse the impact of these effects and find that all contribute to an increased effective polarizability in the solvent. We also address the excess polarizability relative to the displaced water cavity and develop a hybrid quantum-classical model that is in good agreement with self-consistent calculations. We apply our model to calculate the excess polarizability of 20 proteinogenic amino acids and determine the minimum resolution required to distinguish the different molecules and their ionised conformers based on their polarizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Zossimova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK.
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway
| | - Frank Vollmer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, EX4 4QD, Exeter, UK.
| | - Michael Walter
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT), University of Freiburg, D-79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT, Freiburg, Germany
- Fraunhofer IWM, MikroTribologie Centrum μTC, Freiburg, Germany
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4
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Fiedler J, Berland K, Borchert JW, Corkery RW, Eisfeld A, Gelbwaser-Klimovsky D, Greve MM, Holst B, Jacobs K, Krüger M, Parsons DF, Persson C, Presselt M, Reisinger T, Scheel S, Stienkemeier F, Tømterud M, Walter M, Weitz RT, Zalieckas J. Perspectives on weak interactions in complex materials at different length scales. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:2671-2705. [PMID: 36637007 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03349f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nanocomposite materials consist of nanometer-sized quantum objects such as atoms, molecules, voids or nanoparticles embedded in a host material. These quantum objects can be exploited as a super-structure, which can be designed to create material properties targeted for specific applications. For electromagnetism, such targeted properties include field enhancements around the bandgap of a semiconductor used for solar cells, directional decay in topological insulators, high kinetic inductance in superconducting circuits, and many more. Despite very different application areas, all of these properties are united by the common aim of exploiting collective interaction effects between quantum objects. The literature on the topic spreads over very many different disciplines and scientific communities. In this review, we present a cross-disciplinary overview of different approaches for the creation, analysis and theoretical description of nanocomposites with applications related to electromagnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fiedler
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Berland
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway
| | - J W Borchert
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - R W Corkery
- Surface and Corrosion Science, Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Eisfeld
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Strasse 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D Gelbwaser-Klimovsky
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry and Helen Diller Quantum Center, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - M M Greve
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - B Holst
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - K Jacobs
- Experimental Physics, Saarland University, Center for Biophysics, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.,Max Planck School Matter to Life, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Krüger
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - D F Parsons
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, CA, Italy
| | - C Persson
- Centre for Materials Science and Nanotechnology, University of Oslo, P. O. Box 1048 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Presselt
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Str. 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - T Reisinger
- Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - S Scheel
- Institute of Physics, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - F Stienkemeier
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Tømterud
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
| | - M Walter
- Institute of Physics, University of Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - R T Weitz
- 1st Institute of Physics, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - J Zalieckas
- Department of Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Allégaten 55, 5007 Bergen, Norway.
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5
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Coccia E, Fregoni J, Guido CA, Marsili M, Pipolo S, Corni S. Hybrid theoretical models for molecular nanoplasmonics. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:200901. [PMID: 33261492 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The multidisciplinary nature of the research in molecular nanoplasmonics, i.e., the use of plasmonic nanostructures to enhance, control, or suppress properties of molecules interacting with light, led to contributions from different theory communities over the years, with the aim of understanding, interpreting, and predicting the physical and chemical phenomena occurring at molecular- and nano-scale in the presence of light. Multiscale hybrid techniques, using a different level of description for the molecule and the plasmonic nanosystems, permit a reliable representation of the atomistic details and of collective features, such as plasmons, in such complex systems. Here, we focus on a selected set of topics of current interest in molecular plasmonics (control of electronic excitations in light-harvesting systems, polaritonic chemistry, hot-carrier generation, and plasmon-enhanced catalysis). We discuss how their description may benefit from a hybrid modeling approach and what are the main challenges for the application of such models. In doing so, we also provide an introduction to such models and to the selected topics, as well as general discussions on their theoretical descriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Coccia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universit di Trieste, via L. Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - J Fregoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, Informatiche e Matematiche, Universit di Modena e Reggio Emilia, via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - C A Guido
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universit di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - M Marsili
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universit di Padova, via F. Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - S Pipolo
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois UMR 8181-UCCS Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S Corni
- Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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6
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Marcheselli J, Chateau D, Lerouge F, Baldeck P, Andraud C, Parola S, Baroni S, Corni S, Garavelli M, Rivalta I. Simulating Plasmon Resonances of Gold Nanoparticles with Bipyramidal Shapes by Boundary Element Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:3807-3815. [PMID: 32379444 PMCID: PMC7584360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Computational
modeling and accurate simulations of localized surface
plasmon resonance (LSPR) absorption properties are reported for gold
nanobipyramids (GNBs), a class of metal nanoparticle that features
highly tunable, geometry-dependent optical properties. GNB bicone
models with spherical tips performed best in reproducing experimental
LSPR spectra while the comparison with other geometrical models provided
a fundamental understanding of base shapes and tip effects on the
optical properties of GNBs. Our results demonstrated the importance
of averaging all geometrical parameters determined from transmission
electron microscopy images to build representative models of GNBs.
By assessing the performances of LSPR absorption spectra simulations
based on a quasi-static approximation, we provided an applicability
range of this approach as a function of the nanoparticle size, paving
the way to the theoretical study of the coupling between molecular
electron densities and metal nanoparticles in GNB-based nanohybrid
systems, with potential applications in the design of nanomaterials
for bioimaging, optics and photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Marcheselli
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Denis Chateau
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Frederic Lerouge
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Patrice Baldeck
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Chantal Andraud
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Stephane Parola
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Stefano Baroni
- SISSA-Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Istituto di Nanoscienze, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche CNR-NANO, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Ivan Rivalta
- Laboratoire de Chimie UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Lyon 1, Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, F-69342 Lyon, France.,Dipartimento di Chimica Industriale "Toso Montanari", Università degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
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7
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Salam A. Mediation of resonance energy transfer by two polarisable particles. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:244119. [PMID: 31893920 DOI: 10.1063/1.5134864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular quantum electrodynamics theory is employed to calculate the matrix element and Fermi golden rule rate for resonant transfer of electronic excitation energy between a donor and an acceptor in the vicinity of two neutral electric dipole polarizable particles, which play the role of bridging species. The emitter and absorber couple linearly to the electric displacement field via their electric dipole moments, while each mediator interacts quadratically with this field through its dynamic polarizability. This form of interaction Hamiltonian enables fourth-order perturbation theory to be used to compute the probability amplitude together with summation over 24 time-ordered diagrams representing a single virtual photon exchange between each pair of coupled particles. Expressions for the migration rate mediated by two inert molecules are obtained for an arbitrary arrangement of the four species that are in fixed mutual orientation or are freely tumbling. These formulae are valid for all interparticle separation distances outside the orbital overlap region. From the general result, rate equations applicable to an equidistant collinear configuration of the four bodies are evaluated. Near- and far-zone limiting forms of the transfer rate for the relay pathway are also calculated and exhibit inverse sixth and inverse square dependences on relative separation distances between pairs of particles, confirming the short-range (radiationless) and long-range (radiative) energy transfer mechanisms associated with two-body theory. The distance behavior of interference terms between two-, three-, and four-body terms is also examined, and the relative importance of each contribution to the total transfer rate is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
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8
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Rosa M, Gil G, Corni S, Cammi R. Quantum optimal control theory for solvated systems. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:194109. [PMID: 31757146 DOI: 10.1063/1.5125184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we generalize the quantum optimal control theory (QOCT) of molecules subject to ultrashort laser pulses to the case of solvated systems, explicitly including the solvent dielectric properties in the system's quantum Hamiltonian. A reliable description of the solvent polarization is accounted for within the polarizable continuum model (PCM). The electron dynamics for the molecules in solution is coupled with the dynamics of the surrounding polarizable environment, which affects the features of the optimized laser pulse. To illustrate such effects, numerical applications of the developed method to the study of optimal population of selected excited states of two molecular solvated systems are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gabriel Gil
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Cammi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, della Vita e della Sostenibilità Ambientale, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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9
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Gil G, Pipolo S, Delgado A, Rozzi CA, Corni S. Nonequilibrium Solvent Polarization Effects in Real-Time Electronic Dynamics of Solute Molecules Subject to Time-Dependent Electric Fields: A New Feature of the Polarizable Continuum Model. J Chem Theory Comput 2019; 15:2306-2319. [PMID: 30860829 PMCID: PMC6581418 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.9b00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
We
develop an extension of the time-dependent equation-of-motion
formulation of the polarizable continuum model (EOM-TDPCM) to introduce
nonequilibrium cavity field effects in quantum mechanical calculations
of solvated molecules subject to time-dependent electric fields. This
method has been implemented in Octopus, a state-of-the-art code for
real-space, real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT)
calculations. To show the potential of our methodology, we perform
EOM-TDPCM/RT-TDDFT calculations of trans-azobenzene
in water and in other model solvents with shorter relaxation times.
Our results for the optical absorption spectrum of trans-azobenzene show (i) that cavity field effects have a clear impact
in the overall spectral shape and (ii) that an accurate description
of the solute shape (as the one provided within PCM) is key to correctly
account for cavity field effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Gil
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli studi di Padova , via F. Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italia.,Instituto de Cibernética, Matemática y Física , Calle E esq 15 Vedado 10400 , La Habana , Cuba
| | - Silvio Pipolo
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université d'Artois UMR 8181-UCCS Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide , F-59000 , Lille , France
| | - Alain Delgado
- Xanadu , 777 Bay Street , Toronto , Ontario M5G 2C8 , Canada
| | | | - Stefano Corni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche , Università degli studi di Padova , via F. Marzolo 1 , 35131 Padova , Italia.,Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR , via Campi 213/A , 41125 Modena , Italia
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10
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Andrews DL, Jones GA, Salam A, Woolley RG. Perspective: Quantum Hamiltonians for optical interactions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:040901. [PMID: 29390804 DOI: 10.1063/1.5018399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The multipolar Hamiltonian of quantum electrodynamics is extensively employed in chemical and optical physics to treat rigorously the interaction of electromagnetic fields with matter. It is also widely used to evaluate intermolecular interactions. The multipolar version of the Hamiltonian is commonly obtained by carrying out a unitary transformation of the Coulomb gauge Hamiltonian that goes by the name of Power-Zienau-Woolley (PZW). Not only does the formulation provide excellent agreement with experiment, and versatility in its predictive ability, but also superior physical insight. Recently, the foundations and validity of the PZW Hamiltonian have been questioned, raising a concern over issues of gauge transformation and invariance, and whether observable quantities obtained from unitarily equivalent Hamiltonians are identical. Here, an in-depth analysis of theoretical foundations clarifies the issues and enables misconceptions to be identified. Claims of non-physicality are refuted: the PZW transformation and ensuing Hamiltonian are shown to rest on solid physical principles and secure theoretical ground.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Andrews
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - Garth A Jones
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
| | - A Salam
- Department of Chemistry, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27109, USA
| | - R Guy Woolley
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, United Kingdom
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11
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List NH, Norman P, Kongsted J, Jensen HJA. A quantum-mechanical perspective on linear response theory within polarizable embedding. J Chem Phys 2018. [PMID: 28641427 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a derivation of linear response theory within polarizable embedding starting from a rigorous quantum-mechanical treatment of a composite system. To this aim, two different subsystem decompositions (symmetric and nonsymmetric) of the linear response function are introduced and the pole structures as well as residues of the individual terms are discussed. In addition to providing a thorough justification for the descriptions used in polarizable embedding models, this theoretical analysis clarifies which form of the response function to use and highlights complications in separating out subsystem contributions to molecular properties. The basic features of the presented expressions and various approximate forms are illustrated by their application to a composite model system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Holmgaard List
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 15, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Patrick Norman
- Division of Theoretical Chemistry and Biology, School of Biotechnology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Roslagstullsbacken 15, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | - Hans Jørgen Aagaard Jensen
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark
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12
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Di Remigio R, Beerepoot MTP, Cornaton Y, Ringholm M, Steindal AH, Ruud K, Frediani L. Open-ended formulation of self-consistent field response theory with the polarizable continuum model for solvation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 19:366-379. [PMID: 27905594 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp06814f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The study of high-order absorption properties of molecules is a field of growing importance. Quantum-chemical studies can help design chromophores with desirable characteristics. Given that most experiments are performed in solution, it is important to devise a cost-effective strategy to include solvation effects in quantum-chemical studies of these properties. We here present an open-ended formulation of self-consistent field (SCF) response theory for a molecular solute coupled to a polarizable continuum model (PCM) description of the solvent. Our formulation relies on the open-ended, density matrix-based quasienergy formulation of SCF response theory of Thorvaldsen, et al., [J. Chem. Phys., 2008, 129, 214108] and the variational formulation of the PCM, as presented by Lipparini et al., [J. Chem. Phys., 2010, 133, 014106]. Within the PCM approach to solvation, the mutual solute-solvent polarization is represented by means of an apparent surface charge (ASC) spread over the molecular cavity defining the solute-solvent boundary. In the variational formulation, the ASC is an independent, variational degree of freedom. This allows us to formulate response theory for molecular solutes in the fixed-cavity approximation up to arbitrary order and with arbitrary perturbation operators. For electric dipole perturbations, pole and residue analyses of the response functions naturally lead to the identification of excitation energies and transition moments. We document the implementation of this approach in the Dalton program package using a recently developed open-ended response code and the PCMSolver libraries and present results for one-, two-, three-, four- and five-photon absorption processes of three small molecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Di Remigio
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Maarten T P Beerepoot
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Yann Cornaton
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Magnus Ringholm
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Arnfinn Hykkerud Steindal
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Luca Frediani
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Tromsø-The Arctic University of Norway, N-9037 Tromsø, Norway.
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13
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Hedegård ED, Bast R, Kongsted J, Olsen JMH, Jensen HJA. Relativistic Polarizable Embedding. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:2870-2880. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Radovan Bast
- High
Performance Computing Group, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø 9037, Norway
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
| | | | - Hans Jørgen Aagaard Jensen
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark
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14
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Pipolo S, Corni S. Real-Time Description of the Electronic Dynamics for a Molecule Close to a Plasmonic Nanoparticle. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2016; 120:28774-28781. [PMID: 28035246 PMCID: PMC5184370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b11084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The optical properties of molecules close to plasmonic nanostructures greatly differ from their isolated molecule counterparts. To theoretically investigate such systems from a quantum-chemistry perspective, one has to take into account that the plasmonic nanostructure (e.g., a metal nanoparticle-NP) is often too large to be treated atomistically. Therefore, a multiscale description, where the molecule is treated by an ab initio approach and the metal NP by a lower level description, is needed. Here we present an extension of one such multiscale model [Corni, S.; Tomasi, J. J. Chem. Phys.2001, 114, 3739], originally inspired by the polarizable continuum model, to a real-time description of the electronic dynamics of the molecule and of the NP. In particular, we adopt a time-dependent configuration interaction (TD CI) approach for the molecule, the metal NP is described as a continuous dielectric of complex shape characterized by a Drude-Lorentz dielectric function, and the molecule-NP electromagnetic coupling is treated by an equation-of-motion (EOM) extension of the quasi-static boundary element method (BEM). The model includes the effects of both the mutual molecule-NP time-dependent polarization and the modification of the probing electromagnetic field due to the plasmonic resonances of the NP. Finally, such an approach is applied to the investigation of the light absorption of a model chromophore, LiCN, in the presence of a metal-NP of complex shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Pipolo
- Institut
de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Sorbonne
Universités, 75005 Paris, France
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15
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List NH, Jensen HJA, Kongsted J. Local electric fields and molecular properties in heterogeneous environments through polarizable embedding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10070-80. [PMID: 27007060 DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00669h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In spectroscopies, the local field experienced by a molecule embedded in an environment will be different from the externally applied electromagnetic field, and this difference may significantly alter the response and transition properties of the molecule. The polarizable embedding (PE) model has previously been developed to model the local field contribution stemming from the direct molecule-environment coupling of the electromagnetic response properties of molecules in solution as well as in heterogeneous environments, such as proteins. Here we present an extension of this approach to address the additional effective external field effect, i.e., the manifestations of the environment polarization induced by the external field, which allows for the calculation of properties defined in terms of the external field. Within a response framework, we report calculations of the one- and two-photon absorption (1PA and 2PA, respectively) properties of PRODAN-methanol clusters as well as the fluorescent protein DsRed. Our results demonstrate the necessity of accounting for both the dynamical reaction field and effective external field contributions to the local field in order to reproduce full quantum chemical reference calculations. For the lowest π→π* transition in DsRed, inclusion of effective external field effects gives rise to a 1.9- and 3.5-fold reduction in the 1PA and 2PA cross-sections, respectively. The effective external field is, however, strongly influenced by the heterogeneity of the protein matrix, and the resulting effect can lead to either screening or enhancement depending on the nature of the transition under consideration.
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16
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Mandal A, Hunt KLC. Gauge-invariant expectation values of the energy of a molecule in an electromagnetic field. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044109. [PMID: 26827204 DOI: 10.1063/1.4938564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we show that the full Hamiltonian for a molecule in an electromagnetic field can be separated into a molecular Hamiltonian and a field Hamiltonian, both with gauge-invariant expectation values. The expectation value of the molecular Hamiltonian gives physically meaningful results for the energy of a molecule in a time-dependent applied field. In contrast, the usual partitioning of the full Hamiltonian into molecular and field terms introduces an arbitrary gauge-dependent potential into the molecular Hamiltonian and leaves a gauge-dependent form of the Hamiltonian for the field. With the usual partitioning of the Hamiltonian, this same problem of gauge dependence arises even in the absence of an applied field, as we show explicitly by considering a gauge transformation from zero applied field and zero external potentials to zero applied field, but non-zero external vector and scalar potentials. We resolve this problem and also remove the gauge dependence from the Hamiltonian for a molecule in a non-zero applied field and from the field Hamiltonian, by repartitioning the full Hamiltonian. It is possible to remove the gauge dependence because the interaction of the molecular charges with the gauge potential cancels identically with a gauge-dependent term in the usual form of the field Hamiltonian. We treat the electromagnetic field classically and treat the molecule quantum mechanically, but nonrelativistically. Our derivation starts from the Lagrangian for a set of charged particles and an electromagnetic field, with the particle coordinates, the vector potential, the scalar potential, and their time derivatives treated as the variables in the Lagrangian. We construct the full Hamiltonian using a Lagrange multiplier method originally suggested by Dirac, partition this Hamiltonian into a molecular term Hm and a field term Hf, and show that both Hm and Hf have gauge-independent expectation values. Any gauge may be chosen for the calculations; but following our partitioning, the expectation values of the molecular Hamiltonian are identical to those obtained directly in the Coulomb gauge. As a corollary of this result, the power absorbed by a molecule from a time-dependent, applied electromagnetic field is equal to the time derivative of the non-adiabatic term in the molecular energy, in any gauge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Mandal
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Katharine L C Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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17
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Steindal AH, Beerepoot MTP, Ringholm M, List NH, Ruud K, Kongsted J, Olsen JMH. Open-ended response theory with polarizable embedding: multiphoton absorption in biomolecular systems. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:28339-28352. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp05297e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the theory and implementation of an open-ended framework for electric response properties that includes effects from the molecular environment modeled by the polarizable embedding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnfinn Hykkerud Steindal
- Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway
- N-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Maarten T. P. Beerepoot
- Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway
- N-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Magnus Ringholm
- Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway
- N-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Nanna Holmgaard List
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense
- Denmark
| | - Kenneth Ruud
- Centre of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Tromsø—The Arctic University of Norway
- N-9037 Tromsø
- Norway
| | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics
- Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- DK-5230 Odense
- Denmark
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18
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List NH, Olsen JMH, Kongsted J. Excited states in large molecular systems through polarizable embedding. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:20234-50. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp03834d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using the polarizable embedding model enables rational design of light-sensitive functional biological materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Holmgaard List
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
| | | | - Jacob Kongsted
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Pharmacy
- University of Southern Denmark
- 5230 Odense M
- Denmark
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19
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Benassi E, Egidi F, Barone V. General Strategy for Computing Nonlinear Optical Properties of Large Neutral and Cationic Organic Chromophores in Solution. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:3155-73. [DOI: 10.1021/jp512342y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Benassi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Franco Egidi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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20
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Corni S, Pipolo S, Cammi R. Equation of Motion for the Solvent Polarization Apparent Charges in the Polarizable Continuum Model: Application to Real-Time TDDFT. J Phys Chem A 2014; 119:5405-16. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5106828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corni
- Center S3, CNR Institute of Nanoscience , 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Silvio Pipolo
- Center S3, CNR Institute of Nanoscience , 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Roberto Cammi
- Department
of Chemistry, Università degli studi di Parma, 43100 Parma, Italy
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21
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The cavity electromagnetic field within the polarizable continuum model of solvation: An application to the real-time time dependent density functional theory. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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22
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Egidi F, Giovannini T, Piccardo M, Bloino J, Cappelli C, Barone V. Stereo-electronic, vibrational, and environmental contributions to polarizabilities of large molecular systems: a feasible anharmonic protocol. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:2456-2464. [PMID: 26550004 DOI: 10.1021/ct500210z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Reliable computations of linear and non-linear optical properties of molecular systems in condensed phases require a proper account of stereo-electronic, vibrational, and environmental effects. In the framework of density functional theory, these effects can be accurately introduced using second-order vibrational perturbation theory in conjunction with polarizable continuum models. We illustrate the combination of an anharmonic description of the ground-state potential energy surface with solvation effects treated with the polarizable continuum model (PCM) in the calculation of the electronic, zero-point, and pure vibrational polarizabilities of selected systems. The description of the solvation environment is enriched by taking into account the dynamical aspects of the solute-solvent interactions through the inclusion of both electronic and vibrational non-equilbrium effects, as well as the direct effect of the solvent on the electric field that generates the molecular response (local field effect). This treatment yields accurate results which can be directly compared with experimental findings without the need of empirical corrections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Egidi
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Piccardo
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy ; Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, UOS di Pisa, Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università di Pisa, via Risorgimento 35, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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