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Christ A, Härtl P, Seitz M, Edelmann T, Bode M, Waluk J, Leisegang M. Anisotropic coupling of individual vibrational modes to a Cu(110) substrate. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:23894-23900. [PMID: 37642506 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02911e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a study on the excitation of individual vibrational modes with ballistic charge carriers propagating along the Cu(110) surface. By means of the molecular nanoprobe technique, where the reversible switching of a molecule-in this case tautomerization of porphycene-is utilized to detect excitation events, we reveal anisotropic coupling of two distinct vibrational modes to the substrate. The N-H bending mode, excited below |E| ≈ 376 meV, exhibits maxima perpendicular to the rows of the Cu(110) substrate and minima along the rows. In contrast, the N-H stretching mode, excited above |E| ≈ 376 meV, displays maxima along the rows and is constant otherwise. This inversion of the anisotropy reflects the orthogonality between the N-H bending and stretching mode. Additionally, we observe an energy-dependent asymmetry in the propagation direction of charge carriers injected into the Cu(110) surface state. Hereby, the anisotropic band structure results in a correlation between the group velocity and the tunneling probability into electronic states of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Christ
- Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Patrick Härtl
- Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Manuel Seitz
- Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Tobias Edelmann
- Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Matthias Bode
- Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen-Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jacek Waluk
- Institut of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Markus Leisegang
- Physikalisches Institut, Experimentelle Physik II, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany.
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Jahangiri S, Arrazola JM, Quesada N, Delgado A. Quantum algorithm for simulating molecular vibrational excitations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:25528-25537. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03593a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We introduce a quantum algorithm for simulating molecular vibrational excitations during vibronic transitions. The algorithm is used to simulate vibrational excitations of pyrrole and butane during photochemical and mechanochemical excitations.
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Chen C, Kong L, Wang Y, Cheng P, Feng B, Zheng Q, Zhao J, Chen L, Wu K. Dynamics of Single-Molecule Dissociation by Selective Excitation of Molecular Phonons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:246804. [PMID: 31922847 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.246804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Breaking bonds selectively in molecules is vital in many chemistry reactions and custom nanoscale device fabrications. The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has proved to be an ideal tool to initiate and view bond-selective chemistry at the single-molecule level, offering opportunities for the further study of the dynamics in single molecules on metal surfaces. We demonstrate H─HS and H─S bond breaking on Au(111) induced by tunneling electrons using low-temperature STM. An experimental study combined with theoretical calculations shows that the dissociation pathway is facilitated by vibrational excitations. Furthermore, the dissociation probabilities of the two different dissociation processes are bias dependent due to different inelastic-tunneling probabilities, and they are also closely linked to the lifetime of inelastic-tunneling electrons. Combined with time-dependent ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations, the dynamics of the injected electron and the phonon-excitation-induced molecule dissociation can be understood at the atomic scale, demonstrating the potential application of STM for the investigation of excited-state dynamics of single molecules on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiyun Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Longjuan Kong
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baojie Feng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qijing Zheng
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- ICQD/Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, and CAS Key Laboratory of Strongly-Coupled Quantum Matter Physics, and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lan Chen
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Kehui Wu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- School of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
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Liu S, Baugh D, Motobayashi K, Zhao X, Levchenko SV, Gawinkowski S, Waluk J, Grill L, Persson M, Kumagai T. Anharmonicity in a double hydrogen transfer reaction studied in a single porphycene molecule on a Cu(110) surface. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:12112-12119. [PMID: 29676424 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00178b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Anharmonicity plays a crucial role in hydrogen transfer reactions in hydrogen-bonding systems, which leads to a peculiar spectral line shape of the hydrogen stretching mode as well as highly complex intra/intermolecular vibrational energy relaxation. Single-molecule study with a well-defined model is necessary to elucidate a fundamental mechanism. Recent low-temperature scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) experiments revealed that the cis↔cis tautomerization in a single porphycene molecule on Cu(110) at 5 K can be induced by vibrational excitation via an inelastic electron tunnelling process and the N-H(D) stretching mode couples with the tautomerization coordinate [Kumagai et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2013, 111, 246101]. Here we discuss a pronounced anharmonicity of the N-H stretching mode observed in the STM action spectra and the conductance spectra. Density functional theory calculations find a strong intermode coupling of the N-H stretching with an in-plane bending mode within porphycene on Cu(110).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Fritz-Haber Institute of the Max-Planck Society, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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Guo J, Bian K, Lin Z, Jiang Y. Perspective: Structure and dynamics of water at surfaces probed by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:160901. [PMID: 27802647 DOI: 10.1063/1.4964668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The detailed and precise understanding of water-solid interaction largely relies on the development of atomic-scale experimental techniques, among which scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) has proven to be a noteworthy example. In this perspective, we review the recent advances of STM techniques in imaging, spectroscopy, and manipulation of water molecules. We discuss how those newly developed techniques are applied to probe the structure and dynamics of water at solid surfaces with single-molecule and even submolecular resolution, paying particular attention to the ability of accessing the degree of freedom of hydrogen. In the end, we present an outlook on the directions of future STM studies of water-solid interfaces as well as the challenges faced by this field. Some new scanning probe techniques beyond STM are also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeren Lin
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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Huang K, Leung L, Lim T, Ning Z, Polanyi JC. Vibrational excitation induces double reaction. ACS NANO 2014; 8:12468-12475. [PMID: 25489788 DOI: 10.1021/nn5053074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron-induced reaction at metal surfaces is currently the subject of extensive study. Here, we broaden the range of experimentation to a comparison of vibrational excitation with electronic excitation, for reaction of the same molecule at the same clean metal surface. In a previous study of electron-induced reaction by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), we examined the dynamics of the concurrent breaking of the two C-I bonds of ortho-diiodobenzene physisorbed on Cu(110). The energy of the incident electron was near the electronic excitation threshold of E0=1.0 eV required to induce this single-electron process. STM has been employed in the present work to study the reaction dynamics at the substantially lower incident electron energies of 0.3 eV, well below the electronic excitation threshold. The observed increase in reaction rate with current was found to be fourth-order, indicative of multistep reagent vibrational excitation, in contrast to the first-order rate dependence found earlier for electronic excitation. The change in mode of excitation was accompanied by altered reaction dynamics, evidenced by a different pattern of binding of the chemisorbed products to the copper surface. We have modeled these altered reaction dynamics by exciting normal modes of vibration that distort the C-I bonds of the physisorbed reagent. Using the same ab initio ground potential-energy surface as in the prior work on electronic excitation, but with only vibrational excitation of the physisorbed reagent in the asymmetric stretch mode of C-I bonds, we obtained the observed alteration in reaction dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Huang
- Lash Miller Chemical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Institute of Optical Sciences, University of Toronto , 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S SH6, Canada
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Motobayashi K, Árnadóttir L, Matsumoto C, Stuve EM, Jónsson H, Kim Y, Kawai M. Adsorption of water dimer on platinum(111): identification of the -OH···Pt hydrogen bond. ACS NANO 2014; 8:11583-11590. [PMID: 25337794 DOI: 10.1021/nn504824z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The fundamental structure of an isolated water dimer on Pt(111) was determined by means of a spectroscopic method using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Two water molecules on adjacent atop sites form a dimer through a hydrogen bond, and they rotate even at a substrate temperature of 5 K. Action spectroscopy using STM (STM-AS) for water dimer hopping allows us to obtain the vibrational spectrum of a single water dimer on Pt(111). Comparisons between the experiments and theory show that one of the OH groups of the acceptor water molecule points toward the surface to form an -OH···Pt hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Motobayashi
- Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University , Sapporo 001-0021, Japan
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