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Pesen T, Haydaroglu M, Capar S, Parlatan U, Unlu MB. Comparison of the human's and camel's red blood cell deformability by optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 35:101490. [PMID: 37664525 PMCID: PMC10474369 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells of vertebrates have undergone evolutionary changes over time, leading to the diversification of morphological and mechanical properties of red blood cells (RBCs). Among the vertebrates, camelids have the most different RBC characteristics. As a result of adaptation to the desert environment, camelid RBCs can expand twice as much of their total volume in the case of rapid hydration yet are almost undeformable under mechanical stress. In this work, the mechanical and chemical differences in the RBC properties of the human and camelid species were examined using optical tweezers and Raman spectroscopy. We measured the deformability of camel and human RBCs at the single-cell level using optical tweezers. We found that the deformability index (DI) of the camel and the human RBCs were 0.024 ± 0.019 and 0.215 ± 0.061, respectively. To investigate the chemical properties of these cells, we measured the Raman spectra of the whole blood samples. The result of our study indicated that some of the Raman peaks observed on the camel's blood spectrum were absent in the human blood's spectrum, which further points to the difference in chemical contents of these two species' RBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuna Pesen
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | - Mete Haydaroglu
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | - Simal Capar
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
| | - Ugur Parlatan
- Bogazici University, Department of Physics, Istanbul, 34470, Turkiye
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Reuten R, Zendehroud S, Nicolau M, Fleischhauer L, Laitala A, Kiderlen S, Nikodemus D, Wullkopf L, Nielsen SR, McNeilly S, Prein C, Rafaeva M, Schoof EM, Furtwängler B, Porse BT, Kim H, Won KJ, Sudhop S, Zornhagen KW, Suhr F, Maniati E, Pearce OMT, Koch M, Oddershede LB, Van Agtmael T, Madsen CD, Mayorca-Guiliani AE, Bloch W, Netz RR, Clausen-Schaumann H, Erler JT. Basement membrane stiffness determines metastases formation. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:892-903. [PMID: 33495631 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-020-00894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) is a special type of extracellular matrix and presents the major barrier cancer cells have to overcome multiple times to form metastases. Here we show that BM stiffness is a major determinant of metastases formation in several tissues and identify netrin-4 (Net4) as a key regulator of BM stiffness. Mechanistically, our biophysical and functional analyses in combination with mathematical simulations show that Net4 softens the mechanical properties of native BMs by opening laminin node complexes, decreasing cancer cell potential to transmigrate this barrier despite creating bigger pores. Our results therefore reveal that BM stiffness is dominant over pore size, and that the mechanical properties of 'normal' BMs determine metastases formation and patient survival independent of cancer-mediated alterations. Thus, identifying individual Net4 protein levels within native BMs in major metastatic organs may have the potential to define patient survival even before tumour formation. The ratio of Net4 to laminin molecules determines BM stiffness, such that the more Net4, the softer the BM, thereby decreasing cancer cell invasion activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Reuten
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Sina Zendehroud
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monica Nicolau
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lutz Fleischhauer
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, Munich, Germany
| | - Anu Laitala
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefanie Kiderlen
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, Munich, Germany
| | - Denise Nikodemus
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lena Wullkopf
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sarah McNeilly
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carina Prein
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, Munich, Germany
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maria Rafaeva
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Erwin M Schoof
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benjamin Furtwängler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo T Porse
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hyobin Kim
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kyoung Jae Won
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, DanStem, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Frank Suhr
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Biomedical Sciences Group, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Eleni Maniati
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Oliver M T Pearce
- Centre for Tumour Microenvironment, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Koch
- Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Tom Van Agtmael
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris D Madsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sport Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hauke Clausen-Schaumann
- Center for Applied Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine-CANTER, Munich University of Applied Sciences, Munich, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience-CeNS, Munich, Germany
| | - Janine T Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Wullkopf L, West AKV, Leijnse N, Cox TR, Madsen CD, Oddershede LB, Erler JT. Cancer cells' ability to mechanically adjust to extracellular matrix stiffness correlates with their invasive potential. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:2378-2385. [PMID: 30091653 PMCID: PMC6233061 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e18-05-0319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased tissue stiffness is a classic characteristic of solid tumors. One of the major contributing factors is increased density of collagen fibers in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we investigate how cancer cells biomechanically interact with and respond to the stiffness of the ECM. Probing the adaptability of cancer cells to altered ECM stiffness using optical tweezers-based microrheology and deformability cytometry, we find that only malignant cancer cells have the ability to adjust to collagen matrices of different densities. Employing microrheology on the biologically relevant spheroid invasion assay, we can furthermore demonstrate that, even within a cluster of cells of similar origin, there are differences in the intracellular biomechanical properties dependent on the cells' invasive behavior. We reveal a consistent increase of viscosity in cancer cells leading the invasion into the collagen matrices in comparison with cancer cells following in the stalk or remaining in the center of the spheroid. We hypothesize that this differential viscoelasticity might facilitate spheroid tip invasion through a dense matrix. These findings highlight the importance of the biomechanical interplay between cells and their microenvironment for tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Wullkopf
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Natascha Leijnse
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas R. Cox
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research and the Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Cancer Division, St Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Chris D. Madsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lene B. Oddershede
- Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Janine T. Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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