1
|
Liu Y, Gao X, Lai Y, Mulvihill E, Geva E. Electronic Dynamics through Conical Intersections via Quasiclassical Mapping Hamiltonian Methods. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:4479-4488. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yudan Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Xing Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Yifan Lai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Ellen Mulvihill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Borrelli R. Density matrix dynamics in twin-formulation: An efficient methodology based on tensor-train representation of reduced equations of motion. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234102. [PMID: 31228887 DOI: 10.1063/1.5099416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The twin-formulation of quantum statistical mechanics is employed to describe a new methodology for the solution of the equations of motion of the reduced density matrix in their hierarchical formulation. It is shown that the introduction of tilde operators and of their algebra in the dual space greatly simplifies the application of numerical techniques for the propagation of the density matrix. The application of tensor-train representation of a vector to solve complex quantum dynamical problems within the framework of the twin-formulation is discussed. Next, applications of the hierarchical equations of motion to a dissipative polaron model are presented showing the validity and accuracy of the new approach.
Collapse
|
3
|
Kusinski M, Nagesh J, Gladkikh M, Izmaylov AF, Jockusch RA. Deuterium isotope effect in fluorescence of gaseous oxazine dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:5759-5770. [PMID: 30801583 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05731a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increased utility of fluorescence-based methods in recent years has highlighted the need for brighter, more efficient fluorophores. In order to design these fluorophores, an improved fundamental understanding is necessary of the structural components that intrinsically effect fluorescence efficiency. Here, we characterize the intrinsic effects of deuteration on fluorescence from gaseous oxazine dyes, without the influence of dye-solvent interactions, by making use of an ion trap mass spectrometer that has been altered to enable optical measurements. Comparison of emission spectra of four oxazine dyes: cresyl violet, oxazine 4, oxazine 170, and darrow red, show little change in profile upon deuteration of amine groups. However, deuteration significantly increases the efficiency of fluorescence with an increase in fluorescence lifetime and brightness by 10-23% for the gaseous dyes. This increase is less than half that of the quantum yield increase observed in deuterated solution. This indicates the large fluorescence efficiency changes for the oxazine dyes in deuterated solution result from a combination of both intrinsic effects as well as substantial contribution from altered fluorophore-solvent interactions. The intrinsic effects behind increased lifetime upon deuteration are explored using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations of potential energy surfaces (PESs) for ground and low lying excited electronic states. In accord with experimental observations, calculated S1-S0 emission spectra show only minor differences between deuterated and non-deuterated forms indicating that the deuteration does not affect the radiative channel appreciably. Relaxed PES scans along the torsional motions of the amino groups reveal that the increase in lifetimes upon deuteration is likely due to quenching of different radiationless changes channels in different oxazine dyes. Calculations suggest that tunneling to access twisted intramolecular charge transfer states in S1 is critical in several of the oxazines. However, in at least one of the dyes examined, the large isotope effect is more likely due to differences in intersystem crossing rates. Overall, this combined experimental and computational investigation elucidates the photophysics of a well-known fluorescent scaffold and provides insight into how small differences can dramatically affect fluorescence outcomes.
Collapse
|
4
|
Borrelli R. Theoretical study of charge-transfer processes at finite temperature using a novel thermal Schrödinger equation. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
5
|
Joubert-Doriol L, Izmaylov AF. Nonadiabatic Quantum Dynamics with Frozen-Width Gaussians. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:6031-6042. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b03404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Joubert-Doriol
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Artur F. Izmaylov
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Welborn VV, Van Voorhis T. Non-radiative deactivation of cytosine derivatives at elevated temperature. Mol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2018.1457806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Troy Van Voorhis
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Borrelli R, Gelin MF. Simulation of Quantum Dynamics of Excitonic Systems at Finite Temperature: an efficient method based on Thermo Field Dynamics. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9127. [PMID: 28831074 PMCID: PMC5567225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08901-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum electron-vibrational dynamics in molecular systems at finite temperature is described using an approach based on Thermo Field Dynamics theory. This formulation treats temperature effects in the Hilbert space without introducing the Liouville space. The solution of Thermo Field Dynamics equations with a novel technique for the propagation of Tensor Trains (Matrix Product States) is implemented and discussed. The methodology is applied to the study of the exciton dynamics in the Fenna-Mathews-Olsen complex using a realistic structured spectral density to model the electron-phonon interaction. The results of the simulations highlight the effect of specific vibrational modes on the exciton dynamics and energy transfer process, as well as call for careful modeling of electron-phonon couplings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Technische Universität München, Garching, D-85747, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ryabinkin IG, Joubert-Doriol L, Izmaylov AF. Geometric Phase Effects in Nonadiabatic Dynamics near Conical Intersections. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:1785-1793. [PMID: 28665584 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dynamical consideration that goes beyond the common Born-Oppenheimer approximation (BOA) becomes necessary when energy differences between electronic potential energy surfaces become small or vanish. One of the typical scenarios of the BOA breakdown in molecules beyond diatomics is a conical intersection (CI) of electronic potential energy surfaces. CIs provide an efficient mechanism for radiationless electronic transitions: acting as "funnels" for the nuclear wave function, they enable rapid conversion of the excessive electronic energy into the nuclear motion. In addition, CIs introduce nontrivial geometric phases (GPs) for both electronic and nuclear wave functions. These phases manifest themselves in change of the wave function signs if one considers an evolution of the system around the CI. This sign change is independent of the shape of the encircling contour and thus has a topological character. How these extra phases affect nonadiabatic dynamics is the main question that is addressed in this Account. We start by considering the simplest model providing the CI topology: two-dimensional two-state linear vibronic coupling model. Selecting this model instead of a real molecule has the advantage that various dynamical regimes can be easily modeled in the model by varying parameters, whereas any fixed molecule provides the system specific behavior that may not be very illustrative. After demonstrating when GP effects are important and how they modify the dynamics for two sets of initial conditions (starting from the ground and excited electronic states), we give examples of molecular systems where the described GP effects are crucial for adequate description of nonadiabatic dynamics. Interestingly, although the GP has a topological character, the extent to which accounting for GPs affect nuclear dynamics profoundly depends on topography of potential energy surfaces. Understanding an extent of changes introduced by the GP in chemical dynamics poses a problem of capturing GP effects by approximate methods of simulating nonadiabatic dynamics that can go beyond simple models. We assess the performance of both fully quantum (wave packet dynamics) and quantum-classical (surface-hopping, Ehrenfest, and quantum-classical Liouville equation) approaches in various cases where GP effects are important. It has been identified that the key to success in approximate methods is a method organization that prevents the quantum nuclear kinetic energy operator to act directly on adiabatic electronic wave functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilya G. Ryabinkin
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Loïc Joubert-Doriol
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Artur F. Izmaylov
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baiardi A, Paoloni L, Barone V, Zakrzewski VG, Ortiz JV. Assessment of Electron Propagator Methods for the Simulation of Vibrationally Resolved Valence and Core Photoionization Spectra. J Chem Theory Comput 2017; 13:3120-3135. [PMID: 28521087 PMCID: PMC5732571 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The analysis of photoelectron spectra is usually facilitated by quantum mechanical simulations. Because of the recent improvement of experimental techniques, the resolution of experimental spectra is rapidly increasing, and the inclusion of vibrational effects is usually mandatory to obtain a reliable reproduction of the spectra. With the aim of defining a robust computational protocol, a general time-independent formulation to compute different kinds of vibrationally resolved electronic spectra has been generalized to also support photoelectron spectroscopy. The electronic structure data underlying the simulation are computed using different electron propagator approaches. In addition to the more standard approaches, a new and robust implementation of the second-order self-energy approximation of the electron propagator based on a transition operator reference (TOEP2) is presented. To validate our implementation, a series of molecules has been used as test cases. The result of the simulations shows that, for ultraviolet photoionization spectra, the more accurate nondiagonal approaches are needed to obtain a reliable reproduction of vertical ionization energies but that diagonal approaches are sufficient for energy gradients and pole strengths. For X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the TOEP2 approach, besides being more efficient, is also the most accurate in the reproduction of both vertical ionization energies and vibrationally resolved bandshapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Baiardi
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - L Paoloni
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - V Barone
- Scuola Normale Superiore , Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - V G Zakrzewski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| | - J V Ortiz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University , Auburn, Alabama 36849-5312, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Borrelli R, Gelin MF. Quantum electron-vibrational dynamics at finite temperature: Thermo field dynamics approach. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:224101. [PMID: 27984899 DOI: 10.1063/1.4971211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum electron-vibrational dynamics in molecular systems at finite temperature is described using an approach based on the thermo field dynamics theory. This formulation treats temperature effects in the Hilbert space without introducing the Liouville space. A comparison with the theoretically equivalent density matrix formulation shows the key numerical advantages of the present approach. The solution of thermo field dynamics equations with a novel technique for the propagation of tensor trains (matrix product states) is discussed. Numerical applications to model spin-boson systems show that the present approach is a promising tool for the description of quantum dynamics of complex molecular systems at finite temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Joubert-Doriol L, Izmaylov AF. Molecular “topological insulators”: a case study of electron transfer in the bis(methylene) adamantyl carbocation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2017; 53:7365-7368. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cc02275a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A topological or geometric phase blockade can be introduced in molecular electron transfer processes if a conical intersection occurs between two charge configurations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Loïc Joubert-Doriol
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences
- University of Toronto Scarborough
- Toronto
- Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group
| | - Artur F. Izmaylov
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences
- University of Toronto Scarborough
- Toronto
- Canada
- Chemical Physics Theory Group
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Izmaylov AF, Franco I. Entanglement in the Born–Oppenheimer Approximation. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 13:20-28. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Artur F. Izmaylov
- Department
of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
- Chemical
Physics Theory Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Ignacio Franco
- Department
of Chemistry and The Center for Coherence and Quantum Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, United States
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Sun X, Geva E. Non-Condon nonequilibrium Fermi’s golden rule rates from the linearized semiclassical method. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zeidabadinejad L, Dehestani M. Effects of Displacement–Distortion of Potential Energy Surfaces on Nonadiabatic Electron Transfers via Conical Intersections: Application to SO 2 and trans-1,3,5-Hexatriene. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:4431-46. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b01849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leila Zeidabadinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Pajoohesh Sq., Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran,
P.O. Box: 76169-133
| | - Maryam Dehestani
- Department of Chemistry, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Pajoohesh Sq., Kerman, 76169-14111 Iran,
P.O. Box: 76169-133
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sun X, Geva E. Non-Condon equilibrium Fermi’s golden rule electronic transition rate constants via the linearized semiclassical method. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:244105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4954509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sun X, Geva E. Nonequilibrium Fermi’s Golden Rule Charge Transfer Rates via the Linearized Semiclassical Method. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:2926-41. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Banerjee S, Baiardi A, Bloino J, Barone V. Vibronic Effects on Rates of Excitation Energy Transfer and Their Temperature Dependence. J Chem Theory Comput 2016; 12:2357-65. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.6b00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiladitya Banerjee
- Scuola Normale
Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
- Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR),
UOS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Baiardi
- Scuola Normale
Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Julien Bloino
- Consiglio Nazionale
delle Ricerche, Istituto di Chimica dei Composti OrganoMetallici (ICCOM-CNR),
UOS di Pisa, Area della Ricerca CNR, Via G. Moruzzi 1, I-56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Scuola Normale
Superiore, piazza dei Cavalieri 7, I-56126 Pisa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cave RJ, Stanton JF. A simple quasi-diabatization scheme suitable for spectroscopic problems based on one-electron properties of interacting states. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:054110. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4940426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Cave
- Department of Chemistry, Harvey Mudd College, 241 Platt Blvd., Claremont, California 91711, USA
| | - John F. Stanton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Ave., Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sun X, Geva E. Exact vs. asymptotic spectral densities in the Garg-Onuchic-Ambegaokar charge transfer model and its effect on Fermi's golden rule rate constants. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:044106. [PMID: 26827201 DOI: 10.1063/1.4940308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Garg-Onuchic-Ambegaokar model [J. Chem. Phys. 83, 4491 (1985)] has been used extensively for benchmarking methods aimed at calculating charge transfer rates. Within this model, the donor and acceptor diabats are described as shifted parabolas along a single primary mode, which is bilinearly coupled to a harmonic bath consisting of secondary modes, characterized by an Ohmic spectral density with exponential cutoff. Rate calculations for this model are often performed in the normal mode representation, with the corresponding effective spectral density given by an asymptotic expression derived at the limit where the Ohmic bath cutoff frequency is much larger than the primary mode frequency. We compare Fermi's golden rule rate constants obtained with the asymptotic and exact effective spectral densities. We find significant deviations between rate constants obtained from the asymptotic spectral density and those obtained from the exact one in the deep inverted region. Within the range of primary mode frequencies commonly employed, we find that the discrepancies increase with decreasing temperature and with decreasing primary mode frequency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sun X, Geva E. Equilibrium Fermi’s Golden Rule Charge Transfer Rate Constants in the Condensed Phase: The Linearized Semiclassical Method vs Classical Marcus Theory. J Phys Chem A 2015; 120:2976-90. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| | - Eitan Geva
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1055, United States
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Landry BR, Subotnik JE. Quantifying the Lifetime of Triplet Energy Transfer Processes in Organic Chromophores: A Case Study of 4-(2-Naphthylmethyl)benzaldehyde. J Chem Theory Comput 2014; 10:4253-63. [DOI: 10.1021/ct500583d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Landry
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Joseph E. Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| |
Collapse
|