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Tóth Ugyonka H, Hantal G, Szilágyi I, Idrissi A, Jorge M, Jedlovszky P. Spatial organization of the ions at the free surface of imidazolium-based ionic liquids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 676:989-1000. [PMID: 39068842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Experimental information on the molecular scale structure of ionic liquid interfaces is controversial, giving rise to two competing scenarios, namely the double layer-like and "chessboard"-like structures. This issue can be resolved by computer simulation methods, at least for the underlying molecular model. Systematically changing the anion type can elucidate the relative roles of electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic (or, strictly speaking, apolar) effects and steric restrictions on the interfacial properties. SIMULATIONS Molecular dynamics simulation is combined with intrinsic analysis methods both at the molecular and atomic levels, supplemented by Voronoi analysis of self-association. FINDINGS We see no evidence for the existence of a double-layer-type arrangement of the ions, or for their self-association at the surface of the liquid. Instead, our results show that cation chains associate into apolar domains that protrude into the vapour phase, while charged groups form domains that are embedded in this apolar environment at the surface. However, the apolar chains largely obscure the cation groups, to which they are bound, while the smaller and more mobile anions can more easily access the free surface, leading to a somewhat counterintuitive net excess of negative charge at the interface. Importantly, this excess charge could only be identified by applying intrinsic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helga Tóth Ugyonka
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 12, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - György Hantal
- PULS Group, Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstr. 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - István Szilágyi
- MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Interdisciplinary Excellence Center, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR 8516 -LASIRe - Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions la Réactivité et l'environnement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Miguel Jorge
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow G1 1XJ, United Kingdom
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 12, H-3300 Eger, Hungary.
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Feigl E, Jedlovszky P, Sega M. Percolation transition and bimodal density distribution in hydrogen fluoride. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:204503. [PMID: 38785286 DOI: 10.1063/5.0207202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogen-bond networks in associating fluids can be extremely robust and characterize the topological properties of the liquid phase, as in the case of water, over its whole domain of stability and beyond. Here, we report on molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen fluoride (HF), one of the strongest hydrogen-bonding molecules. HF has more limited connectivity than water but can still create long, dynamic chains, setting it apart from most other small molecular liquids. Our simulation results provide robust evidence of a second-order percolation transition of HF's hydrogen bond network occurring below the critical point. This behavior is remarkable as it underlines the presence of two different cohesive mechanisms in liquid HF, one at low temperatures characterized by a spanning network of long, entangled hydrogen-bonded polymers, as opposed to short oligomers bound by the dispersion interaction above the percolation threshold. This second-order phase transition underlines the presence of marked structural heterogeneity in the fluid, which we found in the form of two liquid populations with distinct local densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elija Feigl
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Wien A-1090, Austria
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 12, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
| | - Marcello Sega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, WC1E 7JE London, United Kingdom
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Hrahsheh F, Jum'h I, Wilemski G. Second inflection point of supercooled water surface tension induced by hydrogen bonds: A molecular-dynamics study. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114504. [PMID: 38506292 DOI: 10.1063/5.0185832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Surface tension of supercooled water is a fundamental property in various scientific processes. In this study, we perform molecular dynamics simulations with the TIP4P-2005 model to investigate the surface tension of supercooled water down to 220 K. Our results show a second inflection point (SIP) in the surface tension at temperature TSIP ≈ 267.5 ± 2.3 K. Using an extended IAPWS-E functional fit for the water surface tension, we calculate the surface excess internal-energy and entropy terms of the excess Helmholtz free energy. Similar to prior studies [Wang et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 21, 3360 (2019); Gorfer et al., J. Chem. Phys. 158, 054503 (2023)], our results show that the surface tension is governed by two driving forces: a surface excess entropy change above the SIP and a surface excess internal-energy change below it. We study hydrogen-bonding near the SIP because it is the main cause of water's anomalous properties. With decreasing temperature, our results show that the entropy contribution to the surface tension reaches a maximum slightly below the SIP and then decreases. This is because the number of hydrogen bonds increases more slowly below the SIP. Moreover, the strengths and lifetimes of the hydrogen bonds also rise dramatically below the SIP, causing the internal-energy term to dominate the excess surface free energy. Thus, the SIP in the surface tension of supercooled TIP4P-2005 water is associated with an increase in the strengths and lifetimes of hydrogen bonds, along with a decrease in the formation rate (#/K) of new hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fawaz Hrahsheh
- Higher Colleges of Technology, ETS, MZWC, Abu Dhabi 25026, United Arab Emirates
| | - Inshad Jum'h
- School of Basic Sciences and Humanities, German Jordanian University, Amman 11180, Jordan
| | - Gerald Wilemski
- Department of Physics, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA
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Yasui K, Tuziuti T, Kanematsu W. Mechanism of the Decrease in Surface Tension by Bulk Nanobubbles (Ultrafine Bubbles). LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:16574-16583. [PMID: 37934653 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c02545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of the decrease in the surface tension of water containing bulk nanobubbles (ultrafine bubbles) is studied theoretically by numerical simulations of the adsorption of bulk nanobubbles at the liquid's surface based on the dynamic equilibrium model for the stability of a bulk nanobubble under the conditions of the Tuziuti experiment (Tuziuti, T., et al., Langmuir, 2023, 39, 5771-5778). It is predicted that the concentration of bulk nanobubbles in the bulk liquid decreases considerably with time, as many bulk nanobubbles are gradually adsorbed at the liquid's surface. A part of the decrease in surface tension is due to the Janus-like structure of a bulk nanobubble that could partly break the hydrogen bond network of water molecules at the liquid's surface because more than 50% of the bubble's surface is covered with hydrophobic impurities, according to the dynamic equilibrium model. The theoretically estimated decrease in surface tension due to the Janus-like structure of a bulk nanobubble agrees with the experimental data of the decrease in surface tension solely by bulk nanobubbles obtained by the comparison of before and after the elimination of bulk nanobubbles by the freeze-thaw process. This effect cannot be explained by the electric charge stabilization model widely discussed for the stability of a bulk nanobubble, although the present model is only applicable to the solution containing hydrophobic impurities. Another part of the decrease in surface tension should be due to impurities produced from a nanobubble generator, such as a mechanical seal, which was partly confirmed by the TOC measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyuichi Yasui
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Toru Tuziuti
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
| | - Wataru Kanematsu
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Nagoya 463-8560, Japan
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McFegan L, Juhász Á, Márton P, Hórvölgyi Z, Jedlovszky-Hajdu A, Hantal G, Jedlovszky P. Surface Affinity of Tetramethylammonium Iodide in Aqueous Solutions: A Combined Experimental and Computer Simulation Study. J Phys Chem B 2023. [PMID: 37276239 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The surface affinity of tetramethylammonium iodide (TMAI) in aqueous solutions is investigated by surface tension measurements and molecular dynamics computer simulations. Experiments, performed in the entire composition range of solubility using the pendant drop method with two different setups, clearly reveal that TMAI is a weakly capillary active salt. Computer simulations performed with the AMBER force field reproduce the experimental data very well, while two other major force fields (i.e., CHARMM and OPLS) can still reproduce the experimental trend qualitatively; however, even qualitative reproduction of the experimental trend requires scaling down the ion charges according to the Leontyev-Stuchebrukhov correction. On the other hand, the GROMOS force field fails in reproducing the experimentally confirmed capillary activity of TMAI. Molecular dynamics simulation results show that, among the two ions, iodide has a clearly larger surface affinity than tetramethylammonium (TMA+). Further, the adsorption of the I- anions is strictly limited to the first molecular layer beneath the liquid-vapor interface, which is followed by several layers of their depletion. On the other hand, the net negative charge of the surface layer, caused by the excess amount of I- with respect to TMA+, is compensated by a diffuse layer of adsorbed TMA+ cations, extending to or beyond the fourth molecular layer beneath the liquid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa McFegan
- Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Péter Márton
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Hórvölgyi
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budafoki út 8, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - György Hantal
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan Straße 82, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, Leányka utca 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
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Honti B, Fábián B, Idrissi A, Jedlovszky P. Surface Properties of N,N-Dimethylformamide-Water Mixtures, As Seen from Computer Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:1050-1062. [PMID: 36652674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The liquid-vapor interface of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-water mixtures, spanning the entire composition range, is investigated in detail at 298 K by molecular dynamics simulation and intrinsic surface analysis. DMF molecules are found to adsorb strongly at the liquid surface, but this adsorption extends only to the first molecular layer. Water and DMF molecules mix with each other on the molecular scale even in the surface layer; thus, no marked self-association of any of the components is seen at the liquid surface. The major surface component prefers such orientation in which the molecular dipole vector lays parallel with the macroscopic plane of the surface. On the other hand, the preferred orientation of the minor component is determined, at both ends of the composition range, by the possibility of H-bond formation with the major component. The lack of H-donating ability of DMF leads to a rapid breakup of the percolating H-bond network at the surface; due to the strong adsorption of DMF, this breakup occurs below the bulk phase DMF mole fraction of 0.03. The disruption of the surface H-bond network also accelerates the exchange of both species between the liquid surface and bulk liquid phase, although, for water, this effect becomes apparent only above a bulk phase DMF mole fraction of 0.4. H-bonds formed by a DMF and a water molecule live, on average, 25-60% longer than those formed by two water molecules at the liquid surface. A similar, but smaller (i.e., about 10-20%) difference is seen in the bulk liquid phase. The enhanced surface mobility of the molecules results in 2-6 times larger diffusion coefficient and 2-5 times shorter H-bond lifetime values at the liquid surface than in the bulk liquid phase. The diffusion of both molecules is slowed down in the presence of the other species; in the case of DMF, this effect is caused by the formation of water-DMF H-bonds, whereas for water, steric hindrances imposed by the bulky DMF neighbors are responsible for this slowing down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Honti
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest 1111, Hungary
| | - Balázs Fábián
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Abdenacer Idrissi
- University of Lille, CNRS UMR 8516 -LASIRe - Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie pour les Interactions la Réactivité et l'environnement, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka u. 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
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Rahman MR, Shen L, Ewen JP, Dini D, Smith ER. The Intrinsic Fragility of the Liquid-Vapor Interface: A Stress Network Perspective. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:4669-4679. [PMID: 35385282 PMCID: PMC9022435 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of the liquid-vapor interface of a Lennard-Jones fluid is examined with molecular dynamics simulations using the intrinsic sampling method. Results suggest clear damping of the intrinsic profiles with increasing temperature. Investigating the surface stress distribution, we have identified a linear variation of the space-filling nature (fractal dimension) of the stress clusters at the intrinsic surface with increasing surface tension or, equivalently, with decreasing temperature. A percolation analysis of these stress networks indicates that the stress field is more disjointed at higher temperatures. This leads to more fragile (or poorly connected) interfaces which result in a reduction in surface tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rizwanur Rahman
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Li Shen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James P. Ewen
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Dini
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College
London, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - E. R. Smith
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom
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8
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9
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Hantal G, Kolafa J, Sega M, Jedlovszky P. Single-Particle Dynamics at the Intrinsic Surface of Aqueous Alkali Halide Solutions. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:665-679. [PMID: 33423500 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c09989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution of ions in the proximity of the liquid-vapor interface of their aqueous solution has been the subject of an intense debate during the last decade. The effects of ionic polarizability have been one of its salient aspects. Much less has been said about the corresponding dynamical properties, which are substantially unexplored. Here, we investigate the single-particle dynamics at the liquid-vapor interface of several alkali halide solutions, using molecular dynamics simulations with polarizable and nonpolarizable force fields and intrinsic surface analysis. We analyze the diffusion coefficient, residence time, and velocity autocorrelation function of water and ions and investigate how these properties depend on the molecular layer where they reside. While anions are found in the first molecular layer for relatively long times, cations are only making quick excursions into it, thanks to thermal fluctuations. The in-layer residence time of ions and their molar fraction in the layer turned out to be linearly dependent on each other. We interpret this unexpected result using a simple two-state model. In addition, we found that, unlike water and other neat molecular liquids that show a different diffusion mechanism at the surface than in the bulk of their liquid phase, ions do not enjoy enhanced mobility in the surface layer of their aqueous solution. This result indicates that ions in the surface layer are shielded by their nearest water neighbors from being exposed to the vapor phase as much as possible. Such positions are available for the ions at the negatively curved troughs of the molecularly rugged liquid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Hantal
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter Jordan Straße 82, Vienna A-1190, Austria
| | - Jiří Kolafa
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague CZ-166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Marcello Sega
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Fürther Straße 248, Nürnberg D-90429, Germany
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University, Leányka utca 6, Eger H-3300, Hungary
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Horváth RA, Fábián B, Szőri M, Jedlovszky P. Investigation of the liquid-vapour interface of aqueous methylamine solutions by computer simulation methods. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.110978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Fábián B, Sega M, Horvai G, Jedlovszky P. Single Particle Dynamics at the Intrinsic Surface of Various Apolar, Aprotic Dipolar, and Hydrogen Bonding Liquids As Seen from Computer Simulations. J Phys Chem B 2017; 121:5582-5594. [PMID: 28498673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We investigate the single molecule dynamics at the intrinsic liquid/vapor interface of five different molecular liquids (carbon tetrachloride, acetone, acetonitrile, methanol, and water). After assessing that the characteristic residence times in the surface layer are long enough for a meaningful definition of several transport properties within the layer itself, we characterize the dynamics of the individual molecules at the liquid surface by analyzing their normal and lateral mean-square displacements and lateral velocity autocorrelation functions and, in the case of the hydrogen bonding liquids (i.e., water and methanol), also the properties of the hydrogen bonds. Further, dynamical properties as well as the clustering of the molecules residing unusually long in the surface layer are also investigated. The global picture emerging from this analysis is that of a noticeably enhanced dynamics of the molecules at the liquid surface, with diffusion coefficients up to 4 times larger than in the bulk, and the disappearance of the caging effect at the surface of all liquids but water. The dynamics of water is dominated by the strong hydrogen bonding structure also at the liquid surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Fábián
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Institut UTINAM (CNRS UMR 6213), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté , 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France
| | - Marcello Sega
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna , Boltzmanngasse 5, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - George Horvai
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Chemistry, Eszterházy Károly University , Leányka u. 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
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Sega M, Fábián B, Jedlovszky P. Layer-by-layer and intrinsic analysis of molecular and thermodynamic properties across soft interfaces. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:114709. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4931180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Sega
- Computational Physics Group, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/9, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Balázs Fábián
- Institut UTINAM (CNRS UMR 6213), Université de Franche-Comté, 16 route de Gray, F-25030 Besançon, France
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosize Systems, Institute of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány P. Stny 1/A, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
- MTA-BME Research Group of Technical Analytical Chemistry, Szt. Gellért tér 4, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Chemistry, EKF, Leányka u. 6, H-3300 Eger, Hungary
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Idrissi A, Hantal G, Jedlovszky P. Properties of the liquid–vapor interface of acetone–methanol mixtures, as seen from computer simulation and ITIM surface analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:8913-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05974c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic surface of acetone–methanol mixtures is studied by computer simulation and ITIM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdenacer Idrissi
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman (UMR CNRS A8516)
- Université Lille 1
- Science et Technologies
- 59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq Cedex
- France
| | - György Hantal
- EKF Department of Chemistry
- H-3300 Eger
- Hungary
- Institut für Computergestützte Biologische Chemie
- University of Vienna
| | - Pál Jedlovszky
- EKF Department of Chemistry
- H-3300 Eger
- Hungary
- Laboratory of Interfaces and Nanosize Systems
- Institute of Chemistry
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