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Keens RH, Bedkihal S, Kattnig DR. Magnetosensitivity in Dipolarly Coupled Three-Spin Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:096001. [PMID: 30230901 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.096001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The radical pair mechanism is a canonical model for the magnetosensitivity of chemical reaction processes. The key ingredient of this model is the hyperfine interaction that induces a coherent mixing of singlet and triplet electron spin states in pairs of radicals, thereby facilitating magnetic field effects (MFEs) on reaction yields through spin-selective reaction channels. We show that the hyperfine interaction is not a categorical requirement to realize the sensitivity of radical reactions to weak magnetic fields. We propose that, in systems comprising three instead of two radicals, dipolar interactions provide an alternative pathway for MFEs. By considering the role of symmetries and energy level crossings, we present a model that demonstrates a directional sensitivity to fields weaker than the geomagnetic field and remarkable spikes in the reaction yield as a function of the magnetic field intensity; these effects can moreover be tuned by the exchange interaction. Our results further the current understanding of the effects of weak magnetic fields on chemical reactions, could pave the way to a clearer understanding of the mysteries of magnetoreception and other biological MFEs and motivate the design of quantum sensors. Further still, this phenomenon will affect spin systems used in quantum information processing in the solid state and may also be applicable to spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H Keens
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Salil Bedkihal
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel R Kattnig
- Living Systems Institute and Department of Physics, University of Exeter, Stocker Road, Exeter, Devon, EX4 4QD, United Kingdom
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Fay TP, Lindoy LP, Manolopoulos DE. Spin-selective electron transfer reactions of radical pairs: Beyond the Haberkorn master equation. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:064107. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5041520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Fay
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lachlan P. Lindoy
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
| | - David E. Manolopoulos
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, United Kingdom
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Godina-Nava JJ, Torres-Vega G, López-Riquelme GO, López-Sandoval E, Samana AR, García Velasco F, Hernández-Aguilar C, Domínguez-Pacheco A. Quantum mechanical model for the anticarcinogenic effect of extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic fields on early chemical hepatocarcinogenesis. Phys Rev E 2017; 95:022416. [PMID: 28297882 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.95.022416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Using the conventional Haberkorn approach, it is evaluated the recombination of the radical pair (RP) singlet spin state to study theoretically the cytoprotective effect of an extremely-low-frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) on early stages of hepatic cancer chemically induced in rats. The proposal is that ELF-EMF modulates the interconversion rate of singlet and triplet spin states of the RP populations modifying the products from the metabolization of carcinogens. Previously, we found that the daily treatment with ELF-EMF 120 Hz inhibited the number and area of preneoplastic lesions in chemical carcinogenesis. The singlet spin population is evaluated diagonalizing the spin density matrix through the Lanczos method in a radical pair mechanism (RPM). Using four values of the interchange energy, we have studied the variations over the singlet population. The low magnetic field effect as a test of the influence over the enzymatic chemical reaction is evaluated calculating the quantum yield. Through a bootstrap technique the range is found for the singlet decay rate for the process. Applying the quantum measurements concept, we addressed the impact toward hepatic cells. The result contributes to improving our understanding of the chemical carcinogenesis process affected by charged particles that damage the DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gabino Torres-Vega
- Departamento de Física CINVESTAV-IPN, Ap. Postal 14-740, CdMex, C.P. 07000, Mexico
| | | | - Eduardo López-Sandoval
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Arturo Rodolfo Samana
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Fermín García Velasco
- Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Tecnológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, Bairro Salobrinho, 45662-900 Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Claudia Hernández-Aguilar
- National Polytechnic Institute, Sepi-ESIME, Zacatenco, Professional Unit Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Cd Mex, C.P. 07738, Mexico
| | - Arturo Domínguez-Pacheco
- National Polytechnic Institute, Sepi-ESIME, Zacatenco, Professional Unit Adolfo López Mateos, Col. Lindavista, Cd Mex, C.P. 07738, Mexico
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Chia A, Tan KC, Pawela Ł, Kurzyński P, Paterek T, Kaszlikowski D. Coherent chemical kinetics as quantum walks. I. Reaction operators for radical pairs. Phys Rev E 2016; 93:032407. [PMID: 27078390 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.93.032407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Classical chemical kinetics uses rate-equation models to describe how a reaction proceeds in time. Such models are sufficient for describing state transitions in a reaction where coherences between different states do not arise, in other words, a reaction that contains only incoherent transitions. A prominent example of a reaction containing coherent transitions is the radical-pair model. The kinetics of such reactions is defined by the so-called reaction operator that determines the radical-pair state as a function of intermediate transition rates. We argue that the well-known concept of quantum walks from quantum information theory is a natural and apt framework for describing multisite chemical reactions. By composing Kraus maps that act only on two sites at a time, we show how the quantum-walk formalism can be applied to derive a reaction operator for the standard avian radical-pair reaction. Our reaction operator predicts the same recombination dephasing rate as the conventional Haberkorn model, which is consistent with recent experiments [K. Maeda et al., J. Chem. Phys. 139, 234309 (2013)], in contrast to previous work by Jones and Hore [J. A. Jones and P. J. Hore, Chem. Phys. Lett. 488, 90 (2010)]. The standard radical-pair reaction has conventionally been described by either a normalized density operator incorporating both the radical pair and reaction products or a trace-decreasing density operator that considers only the radical pair. We demonstrate a density operator that is both normalized and refers only to radical-pair states. Generalizations to include additional dephasing processes and an arbitrary number of sites are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chia
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - K C Tan
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Center for Macroscopic Quantum Control, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ł Pawela
- Institute of Theoretical and Applied Informatics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Gliwice, Poland
| | - P Kurzyński
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poznań, Poland
| | - T Paterek
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore.,Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - D Kaszlikowski
- Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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5
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Jeschke G. Comment on “Quantum trajectory tests of radical-pair quantum dynamics in CIDNP measurements of photosynthetic reaction centers” [Chem. Phys. Lett. 640 (2015) 40–45]. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Tiersch M, Guerreschi GG, Clausen J, Briegel HJ. Approaches to measuring entanglement in chemical magnetometers. J Phys Chem A 2013; 118:13-20. [PMID: 24372396 PMCID: PMC3888248 DOI: 10.1021/jp408569d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
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Chemical magnetometers are radical
pair systems such as solutions of pyrene and N,N-dimethylaniline (Py–DMA) that show magnetic field
effects in their spin dynamics and their fluorescence. We investigate
the existence and decay of quantum entanglement in free geminate Py–DMA
radical pairs and discuss how entanglement can be assessed in these
systems. We provide an entanglement witness and propose possible observables
for experimentally estimating entanglement in radical pair systems
with isotropic hyperfine couplings. As an application, we analyze
how the field dependence of the entanglement lifetime in Py–DMA
could in principle be used for magnetometry and illustrate the propagation
of measurement errors in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tiersch
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences , Technikerstrasse 21A, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
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