1
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Geology, mineralogy, geochemistry and deposit model of iron and manganese in Bouarfa mine, Eastern High Atlas, Morocco. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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2
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Ranieri U, Conway LJ, Donnelly ME, Hu H, Wang M, Dalladay-Simpson P, Peña-Alvarez M, Gregoryanz E, Hermann A, Howie RT. Formation and Stability of Dense Methane-Hydrogen Compounds. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:215702. [PMID: 35687440 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.215702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Through a series of x-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy diamond anvil cell experiments, combined with density functional theory calculations, we explore the dense CH_{4}-H_{2} system. We find that pressures as low as 4.8 GPa can stabilize CH_{4}(H_{2})_{2} and (CH_{4})_{2}H_{2}, with the latter exhibiting extreme hardening of the intramolecular vibrational mode of H_{2} units within the structure. On further compression, a unique structural composition, (CH_{4})_{3}(H_{2})_{25}, emerges. This novel structure holds a vast amount of molecular hydrogen and represents the first compound to surpass 50 wt % H_{2}. These compounds, stabilized by nuclear quantum effects, persist over a broad pressure regime, exceeding 160 GPa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umbertoluca Ranieri
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Lewis J Conway
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and The School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Ellen Donnelly
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huixin Hu
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Mengnan Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Philip Dalladay-Simpson
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Miriam Peña-Alvarez
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and The School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and The School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, CAS, Hefei, China
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and The School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ross T Howie
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions and The School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Peter Guthrie Tait Road, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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3
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Diamond and methane formation from the chemical decomposition of polyethylene at high pressures and temperatures. Sci Rep 2022; 12:631. [PMID: 35022446 PMCID: PMC8755720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-04206-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Polyethylene (C2H4)n was compressed to pressures between 10 and 30 GPa in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) and laser heated above 2500 K for approximately one second. This resulted in the chemical decomposition of the polymer into carbon and hydrocarbon reaction products. After quenching to ambient temperature, the decomposition products were measured in the DAC at pressures ranging from ambient to 29 GPa using a combination of x-ray diffraction (XRD) and small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). XRD identified cubic diamond and methane as the predominant product species with their pressure-volume relationships exhibiting strong correlations to the diamond and methane equations of state. Length scales associated with the diamond products, obtained from SAXS measurements, indicate the formation of nanodiamonds with a radius of gyration between 12 and 35 nm consistent with 32-90 nm diameter spherical particles. These results are in good agreement with the predicted product composition under thermodynamic and chemical equilibrium.
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4
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Stavrou E, Maryewski AA, Lobanov SS, Oganov AR, Konôpková Z, Prakapenka VB, Goncharov AF. Ethane and methane at high pressures: Structure and stability. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:184503. [PMID: 34773959 DOI: 10.1063/5.0067828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We have performed a combined experimental and theoretical study of ethane and methane at high pressures of up to 120 GPa at 300 K using x-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopies and the USPEX ab initio evolutionary structural search algorithm, respectively. For ethane, we have determined the crystallization point, for room temperature, at 2.7 GPa and also the low pressure crystal structure (phase A). This crystal structure is orientationally disordered (plastic phase) and deviates from the known crystal structures for ethane at low temperatures. Moreover, a pressure induced phase transition has been identified, for the first time, at 13.6 GPa to a monoclinic phase B, the structure of which is solved based on good agreement with the experimental results and theoretical predictions. For methane, our x-ray diffraction measurements are in agreement with the previously reported high-pressure structures and equation of state (EOS). We have determined the EOSs of ethane and methane, which provides a solid basis for the discussion of their relative stability at high pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissaios Stavrou
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Alexander A Maryewski
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel St., Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | - Sergey S Lobanov
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
| | - Artem R Oganov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel St., Moscow 143026, Russian Federation
| | | | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Alexander F Goncharov
- Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC 20015, USA
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Sun YW, Chen ZQ, Zhu YL, Li ZW, Lu ZY, Sun ZY. Intercluster Exchange-Stabilized Novel Complex Colloidal χ c Phase. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8872-8881. [PMID: 34498873 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Designing complex cluster crystals with a specific function using simple colloidal building blocks remains a challenge in materials science. Herein, we propose a conceptually new design strategy for constructing complex cluster crystals via hierarchical self-assembly of simple soft Janus colloids. A novel and previously unreported colloidal cluster-χ (χc) phase, which resembles the essential structural features of α-manganese but at a larger length scale, is obtained through molecular dynamics simulations. The formation of the χc phase undergoes a remarkable two-step self-assembly process, that is, the self-assembly of clusters with specific size dispersity from Janus colloids, followed by the highly ordered organization of these clusters. More importantly, the dynamic exchange of particles between these clusters plays a critical role in stabilizing the χc phase. Such a conceptual design framework based on intercluster exchange has the potential to effectively construct novel complex cluster crystals by hierarchical self-assembly of colloidal building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zi-Qin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - You-Liang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhan-Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Zhong-Yuan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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Maynard-Casely HE, Hester JR, Brand HEA. Re-examining the crystal structure behaviour of nitrogen and methane. IUCRJ 2020; 7:844-851. [PMID: 32939276 PMCID: PMC7467175 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520007460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In the light of NASA's New Horizons mission, the solid-phase behaviour of methane and nitrogen has been re-examined and the thermal expansion coefficients of both materials have been determined over their whole solid temperature range for the first time. Neutron diffraction results indicate that the symmetric Pa 3 space group is the best description for the α-nitrogen structure, rather than the long-accepted P213. Furthermore, it is also observed that β-nitrogen and methane phase I show changes in texture on warming, indicating grain growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen E. Maynard-Casely
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC 2232 Australia
| | - James R. Hester
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee DC 2232 Australia
| | - Helen E. A. Brand
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton 3168, Australia
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Abstract
Methane and other hydrocarbons are major components of the mantle regions of icy planets. Several recent computational studies have investigated the high-pressure behaviour of specific hydrocarbons. To develop a global picture of hydrocarbon stability, to identify relevant decomposition reactions, and probe eventual formation of diamond, a complete study of all hydrocarbons is needed. Using density functional theory calculations we survey here all known C-H crystal structures augmented by targeted crystal structure searches to build hydrocarbon phase diagrams in the ground state and at elevated temperatures. We find that an updated pressure-temperature phase diagram for methane is dominated at intermediate pressures by CH 4 :H 2 van der Waals inclusion compounds. We discuss the P-T phase diagram for CH and CH 2 (i.e., polystyrene and polyethylene) to illustrate that diamond formation conditions are strongly composition dependent. Finally, crystal structure searches uncover a new CH 4 (H 2 ) 2 van der Waals compound, the most hydrogen-rich hydrocarbon, stable between 170 and 220 GPa.
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Maynard-Casely HE. ‘Peaks in space’ – crystallography in planetary science: past impacts and future opportunities. CRYSTALLOGR REV 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0889311x.2016.1242127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sotelo J, Woodall CH, Allan DR, Gregoryanz E, Howie RT, Kamenev KV, Probert MR, Wright PA, Moggach SA. Locating Gases in Porous Materials: Cryogenic Loading of Fuel‐Related Gases Into a Sc‐based Metal–Organic Framework under Extreme Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:13332-6. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201506250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sotelo
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster road, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ (UK)
| | - Christopher H. Woodall
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Dave R. Allan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ODE (UK)
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Ross T. Howie
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Konstantin V. Kamenev
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Michael R. Probert
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
| | - Paul A. Wright
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster road, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ (UK)
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Sotelo J, Woodall CH, Allan DR, Gregoryanz E, Howie RT, Kamenev KV, Probert MR, Wright PA, Moggach SA. Locating Gases in Porous Materials: Cryogenic Loading of Fuel‐Related Gases Into a Sc‐based Metal–Organic Framework under Extreme Pressures. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201506250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sotelo
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster road, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ (UK)
| | - Christopher H. Woodall
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Dave R. Allan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 ODE (UK)
| | - Eugene Gregoryanz
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Ross T. Howie
- School of Physics and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Konstantin V. Kamenev
- School of Engineering and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, Peter Gurthrie Tait Road, Erskine Williamson Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FD (UK)
| | - Michael R. Probert
- School of Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU (UK)
| | - Paul A. Wright
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, Purdie Building, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9ST (UK)
| | - Stephen A. Moggach
- EaStChem School of Chemistry and Centre for Science at Extreme Conditions, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster road, Joseph Black Building, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ (UK)
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