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Sciuti LF, Abegão LMG, Dos Santos CHD, Zucolotto Cocca LH, da Costa RGM, Limberger J, Misoguti L, Mendonça CR, De Boni L. Modeling the First-Order Molecular Hyperpolarizability Dispersion from Experimentally Obtained One- and Two-Photon Absorption. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:2152-2159. [PMID: 35363498 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The search for optical materials, particularly organic compounds, is still an attractive and essential field for developing several photonic devices and applications. For example, some applications are based on light scattering with twice the energy of the incoming photon for selected compounds, that is, the nonlinear optical effect related to the second-order susceptibility term from the electronic polarization expression. The microscopic interpretation of this phenomenon is called the first-order molecular hyperpolarizability or incoherent second harmonic generation of light. Understanding such phenomena as a function of the incoming wavelength is crucial to improving the optical response of future materials. Still, the experimental apparatus, hyper-Rayleigh scattering, apparently simple, is indeed a challenging task. Therefore, we proposed a proper alternative to obtain the dispersion of the first-order hyperpolarizability using the well-known one- and two-photon absorption techniques. By the spectral analysis of both the spectra, we gathered spectroscopic parameters and applied them for predicting the first-order hyperpolarizability dispersion. This prediction is based on an n-level energy system, taking into account the position and magnitude of transition dipole moments and the difference between the permanent dipole moment of the n-excited states. Moreover, using the presented method, we can avoid underestimating the first-order hyperpolarizability by not suppressing higher-energy transitions. Quantum chemical calculations and the hyper-Rayleigh scattering technique were used to validate the proposed method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas F Sciuti
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis M G Abegão
- Grupo de Fotônica, Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74690-900, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Carlos H D Dos Santos
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leandro H Zucolotto Cocca
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafaela G M da Costa
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jones Limberger
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Rio de Janeiro 22451-900, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lino Misoguti
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 369, São Carlos 13560-970, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vivas MG, Barboza CA, Germino JC, Fonseca RD, Silva DL, Vazquez PAM, Atvars TDZ, Mendonça CR, De Boni L. Molecular Structure-Optical Property Relationship of Salicylidene Derivatives: A Study on the First-Order Hyperpolarizability. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:99-105. [PMID: 33372791 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The first-order hyperpolarizability of π-conjugated organic molecules is of particular interest for the fabrication of electro-optical modulators. Thus, we investigated the relationship between the molecular structure and the incoherent second-order nonlinear optical response (βHRS) of four salicylidene derivatives (salophen, [Zn(salophen)(OH2)], 3,4-benzophen, [Zn(3,4-benzophen)(OH2)]) dissolved in DMSO. For that, we employed the Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering technique with picosecond pulse trains. Our experimental results pointed out dynamic βHRS values between 32.0 ± 4.8 × 10-30 cm5/esu and 58.5 ± 8.0 × 10-30 cm5/esu at 1064 nm, depending on the molecular geometry of the salicylidene molecules. More specifically, the outcomes indicate a considerable increase of βHRS magnitude (∼30%) when in the ligands are incorporated the Zn(II) ion. We ascribed such results to the rise of the planarity of the π-conjugated backbone of the chromophores caused by the Zn(II). Furthermore, we observed an increase of ∼50% in dynamic βHRS when there is a replacement of one hydrogen atom (salophen molecule) by an acetophenone group (3,4-benzophen). This result is related to the increase of the effective π-electron number and the higher charge transfer induced at the excited state. All these findings were interpreted and supported in the light of time-dependent density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Solvent effects were considered in the quantum chemical calculations using the integral equation formalism variant of the polarizable continuum model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo G Vivas
- Laboratório de Espectroscopia Óptica e Fotônica, Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Poços de Caldas, Minas Gerais 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Cristina A Barboza
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jose C Germino
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Ruben D Fonseca
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Popular del Cesar, Barrio Sabana, 2000004 Valledupar, Cesar, Colombia
| | - Daniel L Silva
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Matemática e Educação, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Anhanguera-Km 174, Araras, São Paulo 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Pedro A M Vazquez
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Teresa D Z Atvars
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-861, Brazil
| | - Cleber R Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo 13566-590, Brazil
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Marrazzini G, Giovannini T, Egidi F, Cappelli C. Calculation of Linear and Non-linear Electric Response Properties of Systems in Aqueous Solution: A Polarizable Quantum/Classical Approach with Quantum Repulsion Effects. J Chem Theory Comput 2020; 16:6993-7004. [PMID: 33058671 PMCID: PMC8015238 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.0c00674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a computational study of polarizabilities and hyperpolarizabilities of organic molecules in aqueous solutions, focusing on solute-water interactions and the way they affect a molecule's linear and non-linear electric response properties. We employ a polarizable quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) computational model that treats the solute at the QM level while the solvent is treated classically using a force field that includes polarizable charges and dipoles, which dynamically respond to the solute's quantum-mechanical electron density. Quantum confinement effects are also treated by means of a recently implemented method that endows solvent molecules with a parametric electron density, which exerts Pauli repulsion forces upon the solute. By applying the method to a set of aromatic molecules in solution we show that, for both polarizabilities and first hyperpolarizabilities, observed solution values are the result of a delicate balance between electrostatics, hydrogen-bonding, and non-electrostatic solute solvent interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioia Marrazzini
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Tommaso Giovannini
- Department
of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science
and Technology, Trondheim 7491, Norway
| | - Franco Egidi
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa 56126, Italy
| | - Chiara Cappelli
- Scuola
Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, Pisa 56126, Italy
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4
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A theoretical investigation of the fragment interaction and nonlinear optical and electronic properties of tris(β-diketonato)iron(III) complexes. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01388-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Carlotti B, Cesaretti A, Cacioppa G, Elisei F, Odak I, Škorić I, Spalletti A. Fluorosolvatochromism and hyperpolarizability of one-arm and two-arms nitro-compounds bearing heterocyclic rings. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2018.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Abegão LMG, Fonseca RD, Santos FA, Rodrigues JJ, Kamada K, Mendonça CR, Piguel S, De Boni L. First molecular electronic hyperpolarizability of series of π-conjugated oxazole dyes in solution: an experimental and theoretical study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26476-26482. [PMID: 35531011 PMCID: PMC9070536 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05246a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report for the first time, the experimental and theoretical first molecular electronic hyperpolarizability of eleven π-conjugated oxazoles compounds in toluene medium, by using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M. G. Abegão
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe
- São Cristovão
- Brazil
- Department of Radiology and Bioimaging
| | - Ruben D. Fonseca
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13560-970 São Carlos
- Brazil
- Departamento de Fisica
| | | | - José J. Rodrigues
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal de Sergipe
- São Cristovão
- Brazil
| | - Kenji Kamada
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
- Osaka 563-8577
- Japan
| | - Cleber R. Mendonça
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13560-970 São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Sandrine Piguel
- Institut Curie
- PSL Research University
- CNRS
- INSERM
- UMR9187-U1196
| | - Leonardo De Boni
- Instituto de Física de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- 13560-970 São Carlos
- Brazil
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Cesaretti A, Bonaccorso C, Elisei F, Fortuna CG, Mencaroni L, Spalletti A. Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer and Hyperpolarizability Coefficient in Push-Pull Pyridinium Salts with Increasing Strength of the Acceptor Group. Chempluschem 2018; 83:1021-1031. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201800393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology; and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN); University of Perugia; via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Carmela Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemical Science; University of Catania; viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology; and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN); University of Perugia; via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Cosimo G. Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Science; University of Catania; viale Andrea Doria 6 95125 Catania Italy
| | - Letizia Mencaroni
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology; and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN); University of Perugia; via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
| | - Anna Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry Biology and Biotechnology; and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN); University of Perugia; via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy
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A polarizable embedding approach to second harmonic generation (SHG) of molecular systems in aqueous solutions. Theor Chem Acc 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-018-2247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bonaccorso C, Cesaretti A, Elisei F, Mencaroni L, Spalletti A, Fortuna CG. New Styryl Phenanthroline Derivatives as Model D-π-A-π-D Materials for Non-Linear Optics. Chemphyschem 2018; 19:1917-1929. [PMID: 29702737 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201800391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Four novel push-pull systems combining a central phenanthroline acceptor moiety and two substituted benzene rings, as a part of the conjugated π-system between the donor and the acceptor moieties, have been synthetized through a straightforward and efficient one-step procedure. The chromophores display high fluorescence and a peculiar fluorosolvatochromic behaviour. Ultrafast investigation by means of state-of-the-art femtosecond-resolved transient absorption and fluorescence up-conversion spectroscopies allowed the role of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) states to be evidenced, also revealing the crucial role played by both, the polarity and proticity of the medium on the excited state dynamics of the chromophores. The ICT processes, responsible for the solvatochromism, also lead to interesting non-linear optical (NLO) properties: namely great two photon absorption cross-sections (hundreds of GM), investigated by the Two Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) technique, and large second order hyperpolarizability coefficients, estimated through a convenient solvatochromic method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmela Bonaccorso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessio Cesaretti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Fausto Elisei
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Letizia Mencaroni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anna Spalletti
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology and Centro di Eccellenza sui Materiali Innovativi Nanostrutturati (CEMIN), University of Perugia, via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cosimo G Fortuna
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125, Catania, Italy
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10
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Abegão LM, Fonseca RD, Santos FA, Souza GB, Barreiros ALB, Barreiros ML, Alencar M, Mendonça CR, Silva DL, De Boni L, Rodrigues J. Second- and third-order nonlinear optical properties of unsubstituted and mono-substituted chalcones. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Hidalgo Cardenuto M, Champagne B. The first hyperpolarizability of nitrobenzene in benzene solutions: investigation of the effects of electron correlation within the sequential QM/MM approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:23634-42. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03455h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular polarization due to solvation amplifies the impact of electron correlation on the first hyperpolarizability of nitrobenzene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Hidalgo Cardenuto
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale
- University of Namur
- B-5000 Namur
- Belgium
| | - Benoît Champagne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique
- Unité de Chimie Physique Théorique et Structurale
- University of Namur
- B-5000 Namur
- Belgium
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