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Srivastava P, Stierwalt DA, Elles CG. Broadband Two-Photon Absorption Spectroscopy with Stimulated Raman Scattering as an Internal Standard. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13227-13234. [PMID: 37603818 PMCID: PMC10484208 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Two-photon absorption (2PA) spectroscopy provides valuable information about the nonlinear properties of molecules. In contrast with single-wavelength methods, broadband 2PA spectroscopy using a pump-probe approach gives a continuous 2PA spectrum across a wide range of transition energies without tuning the excitation laser. This contribution shows how stimulated Raman scattering from the solvent can be used as a convenient and robust internal standard for obtaining accurate absolute 2PA cross sections using the broadband approach. Stimulated Raman scattering has the same pump-probe overlap dependence as 2PA, thus eliminating the need to measure the intensity-dependent overlap of the pump and probe directly. Eliminating the overlap represents an important improvement because intensity profiles are typically the largest source of uncertainty in the measurement of absolute 2PA cross sections using any method. Raman scattering cross sections are a fundamental property of the solvent and therefore provide a universal standard that can be applied any time the 2PA and Raman signals are present within the same probe wavelength range. We demonstrate this approach using sample solutions of coumarin 153 in methanol, DMSO, and toluene, as well as fluorescein in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasenjit Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - David A. Stierwalt
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G. Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University
of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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2
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Chu Q, Wang W, Guo S, Park E, Jin S, Park Y, Chen L, Liu Y, Jung YM. Interface Design of 3D Flower-like Ag@ZnSe Composites: SERS and Photocatalytic Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11304-11313. [PMID: 36790371 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c21833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we cosputtered Ag and ZnSe on a polystyrene template to form a three-dimensional (3D) Ag@ZnSe (x) structure. The 3D surface morphology and material composition that provided abundant "hot spots" were controlled by adjusting the sputtering power of the ZnSe, which was confirmed by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulation. The introduction of ZnSe into the noble metal Ag also introduced a charge-transfer (CT) effect into the system, and the CT path was proven with the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS)-surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique. In addition, the substrate exhibited excellent catalytic activity due to the CT effect. The catalyzed degradation of malachite green (MG) was due to the CT effect in the system, and the catalytic process was successfully monitored by in situ SERS. Most importantly, the catalytic degradation by Ag@ZnSe (x) with different parameters was proportional to the degree of CT (ρCT). The SERS and catalytic mechanisms were analyzed in depth with the 2D-COS-SERS technique, which was also useful in verifying the CT process. The catalytic sites for MG were successfully monitored with the 2D-COS-SERS technique. This study provides a reference for studies of the synergistic effects of the electromagnetic mechanism and CT, as well as a new perspective on photocatalysis with dye molecules and monitoring of the catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Chu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Eungyeong Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sila Jin
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Yeonju Park
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
| | - Yucun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Preparation and Applications of Environmental Friendly Materials, Ministry of Education, Jilin Normal University, Changchun 130103, P.R. China
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
- Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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Dobryakov AL, Krohn OA, Quick M, Ioffe I, Kovalenko SA. Positive and Negative Signal and Line-Shape in Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy: Resonance Femtosecond Raman Spectra of Diphenylbutadiene. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084304. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0075116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Cabo-Fernandez L, Neale AR, Braga F, Sazanovich IV, Kostecki R, Hardwick LJ. Kerr gated Raman spectroscopy of LiPF 6 salt and LiPF 6-based organic carbonate electrolyte for Li-ion batteries. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23833-23842. [PMID: 31538641 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent species are formed during cycling of lithium ion batteries as a result of electrolyte decomposition due to the instability of the non-aqueous electrolytes and side reactions that occur at the electrode surface. The increase in the background fluorescence due to the presence of these components makes it harder to analyse data due to the spectroscopic overlap of Raman scattering and fluorescence. Herein, Kerr gated Raman spectroscopy was shown to be an effective technique for the isolation of the scattering effect from the fluorescence enabling the collection of the Raman spectra of LiPF6 salt and LiPF6-based organic carbonate electrolyte, without the interference of the fluorescence component. Kerr gated Raman was able to identify POF3 on the LiPF6 particle surface, after the addition of trace water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cabo-Fernandez
- Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Peach Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZF, UK.
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Huang-Fu ZC, Song QT, He YH, Wang JJ, Ye JY, Zhou ZY, Sun SG, Wang ZH. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction on Cu and Au electrodes studied using in situ sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25047-25053. [PMID: 31690901 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04346b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As an important pathway for energy storage and a key reaction in the carbon cycle, the CO2 electrochemical reduction reaction has recently gained significant interest. A variety of catalysts have been used to approach this topic experimentally and theoretically; however, the molecular level insight into the reaction mechanism is lacking due to the complexity of the surface processes and the challenges in probing the intermediate species. In this study, CO2 reduction reactions on polycrystalline Cu and Au electrodes were investigated in 0.1 M CO2-saturated NaHCO3 solution. In situ sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has been adopted to access the intermediates and products on the metal electrodes. On the Au electrode, only linearly adsorbed CO could be detected, and the reduction produced no hydrocarbon species. On the Cu electrode, C-H stretching vibrations corresponding to surface-adsorbed ethoxy species were observed, but no CO vibrations can be detected with SFG. The results revealed that the CO randomly adsorbed on the Cu surface, and the multiple orientations of the adsorbed species may be the reason for the formation of C-C bonding. These results demonstrate direct molecular level evidence for different reaction pathways on the Cu and Au electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Chao Huang-Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Qian-Tong Song
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Yu-Han He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jing-Jing Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Jin-Yu Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhi-You Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Shi-Gang Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
| | - Zhao-Hui Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surface, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China.
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Barclay MS, Caricato M, Elles CG. Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Scattering from Triplet Electronic States: Experimental and Theoretical Study of Resonance Enhancements. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:7720-7732. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b05955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Barclay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Christopher G. Elles
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
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Fabrication, Characterization, and Application of Large-Scale Uniformly Hybrid Nanoparticle-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Substrates. MICROMACHINES 2019; 10:mi10050282. [PMID: 31035552 PMCID: PMC6562888 DOI: 10.3390/mi10050282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrates with high sensitivity and reproducibility are highly desirable for high precision and even molecular-level detection applications. Here, large-scale uniformly hybrid nanoparticle-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (NERS) substrates with high reproducibility and controllability were developed. Using oxygen plasma treatment, large-area and uniformly rough polystyrene sphere (URPS) arrays in conjunction with 20 nm Au films (AuURPS) were fabricated for SERS substrates. Au nanoparticles and clusters covered the surface of the URPS arrays, and this increased the Raman signal. In the detection of malachite green (MG), the fabricated NERS substrates have high reproducibility and sensitivity. The enhancement factor (EF) of Au nanoparticles and clusters was simulated by finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations and the EF was more than 104. The measured EF of our developed substrate was more than 108 with a relative standard deviation as low as 6.64%–13.84% over 15 points on the substrate. The minimum limit for the MG molecules reached 50 ng/mL. Moreover, the Raman signal had a good linear relationship with the logarithmic concentration of MG, as it ranged from 50 ng/mL to 5 μg/mL. The NERS substrates proposed in this work may serve as a promising detection scheme in chemical and biological fields.
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Quincy TJ, Barclay MS, Caricato M, Elles CG. Probing Dynamics in Higher-Lying Electronic States with Resonance-Enhanced Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8308-8319. [PMID: 30256101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b07855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond stimulated Raman scattering (FSRS) measurements typically probe the structural dynamics of a molecule in the first electronically excited state, S1. While these measurements often rely on an electronic resonance condition to increase signal strength or enhance species selectivity, the effects of the resonance condition are usually neglected. However, mode-specific enhancements of the vibrational transitions in an FSRS spectrum contain detailed information about the resonant (upper) electronic state. Analogous to ground-state resonance Raman spectroscopy, the relative intensities of the Raman bands reveal displacements of the upper potential energy surface due to changes in the bonding pattern upon S n ← S1 electronic excitation, and therefore provide a sensitive probe of the ultrafast dynamics in the higher-lying state, S n. Raman gain profiles from the wavelength-dependent FSRS spectrum of the model compound 2,5-diphenylthiophene (DPT) reveal several modes with large displacement in the upper potential energy surface, including strong enhancement of a delocalized C-S-C stretching and ring deformation mode. The experimental results provide a benchmark for comparison with calculated spectra using time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and equation-of-motion coupled-cluster theory with single and double excitations (EOM-CCSD), where the calculations are based on the time-dependent formalism for resonance Raman spectroscopy. The simulated spectra are obtained from S1-S n transition strengths and the energy gradients of the upper (S n) potential energy surfaces along the S1 normal mode coordinates. The experimental results provide a stringent test of the computational approach, and indicate important limitations based on the level of theory and basis set. This work provides a foundation for making more accurate assignments of resonance-enhanced excited-state Raman spectra, as well as extracting novel information about higher-lying excited states in the transient absorption spectrum of a molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Quincy
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Matthew S Barclay
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Marco Caricato
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
| | - Christopher G Elles
- Department of Chemistry , University of Kansas , Lawrence , Kansas 66045 , United States
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9
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Chen C, Zhu LD, Fang C. Femtosecond stimulated Raman line shapes: Dependence on resonance conditions of pump and probe pulses. CHINESE J CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1063/1674-0068/31/cjcp1805125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4003, USA
| | - Liang-dong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4003, USA
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, 301 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-6507, USA
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, 153 Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-4003, USA
- Department of Physics, Oregon State University, 301 Weniger Hall, Corvallis, Oregon, 97331-6507, USA
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10
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Dietze DR, Mathies RA. Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1224-51. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Dietze
- Department of Chemistry; University of California in Berkeley; CA Berkeley 94720 USA
| | - Richard A. Mathies
- Department of Chemistry; University of California in Berkeley; CA Berkeley 94720 USA
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Rao BJ, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Resonant Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectra: Theory and Simulations. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3286-95. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B. Jayachander Rao
- Departamento de Química,
and Centro de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maxim F. Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Electronic resonances in broadband stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:18445. [PMID: 26728791 PMCID: PMC4700463 DOI: 10.1038/srep18445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Raman spectroscopy is a formidable tool to probe molecular vibrations. Under electronic resonance conditions, the cross section can be selectively enhanced enabling structural sensitivity to specific chromophores and reaction centers. The addition of an ultrashort, broadband femtosecond pulse to the excitation field allows for coherent stimulation of diverse molecular vibrations. Within such a scheme, vibrational spectra are engraved onto a highly directional field, and can be heterodyne detected overwhelming fluorescence and other incoherent signals. At variance with spontaneous resonance Raman, however, interpreting the spectral information is not straightforward, due to the manifold of field interactions concurring to the third order nonlinear response. Taking as an example vibrational spectra of heme proteins excited in the Soret band, we introduce a general approach to extract the stimulated Raman excitation profiles from complex spectral lineshapes. Specifically, by a quantum treatment of the matter through density matrix description of the third order nonlinear polarization, we identify the contributions which generate the Raman bands, by taking into account for the cross section of each process.
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