1
|
Li S, Xie X, Liu Y. Effect of acidic polymers on the morphology of non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation of potassium bromide. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8051. [PMID: 38580739 PMCID: PMC10997761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) in supersaturated potassium bromide (KBr) solutions with the addition of acidic polymers is reported here for the first time. Upon absorbing the incident laser, crystallites are immediately induced along the laser pathway in the solution, eventually growing into needle-shaped crystals of varying sizes. When comparing induction time, nucleation probability, and crystal habits with spontaneous nucleation, the results suggest that NPLIN creates a distinct morphological pathway, transforming cubic crystals into needle-like structures. Additionally, it improves crystallization probability and growth rate. This paper aims to realize control from crystal nucleation to crystal growth by adding acidic polymers to the process of laser-induced nucleation, potentially influencing crystal morphology modification in NPLIN. With 19 wt% acidic polymers added to the solution as additives, control over both crystal growth and morphological modifications was observed: cubic KBr crystals with square patterns were produced through laser irradiation, and there was a varying reduction in both the number and growth rate of the crystals. The influence of acidic polymers on the solution environment was analyzed to determine the reasons for the variations in crystal quantity and growth speed. The underlying mechanisms responsible for the changes in crystal shape were also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Li
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongfei Xie
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Liu
- Faculty of Materials Metallurgy and Chemistry, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Ganzhou, 341000, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Korede V, Veldhuis M, Penha FM, Nagalingam N, Cui P, Van der Heijden AE, Kramer HJ, Eral HB. Effect of Laser-Exposed Volume and Irradiation Position on Nonphotochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation of Potassium Chloride Solutions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:8163-8172. [PMID: 37937191 PMCID: PMC10626568 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we study the influences of the laser-exposed volume and the irradiation position on the nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) of supersaturated potassium chloride solutions in water. The effect of the exposed volume on the NPLIN probability was studied by exposing distinct milliliter-scale volumes of aqueous potassium chloride solutions stored in vials at two different supersaturations (1.034 and 1.050) and laser intensities (10 and 23 MW/cm2). Higher NPLIN probabilities were observed with increasing laser-exposed volume as well as with increasing supersaturation and laser intensity. The measured NPLIN probabilities at different exposed volumes are questioned in the context of the dielectric polarization mechanism and classical nucleation theory. No significant change in the NPLIN probability was observed when samples were irradiated at the bottom, top, or middle of the vial. However, a significant increase in the nucleation probability was observed upon irradiation through the solution meniscus. We discuss these results in terms of mechanisms proposed for NPLIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Korede
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Mias Veldhuis
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederico Marques Penha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen
42, 114 28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nagaraj Nagalingam
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - PingPing Cui
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Herman J.M. Kramer
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hüseyin Burak Eral
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Korede V, Penha FM, de Munck V, Stam L, Dubbelman T, Nagalingam N, Gutta M, Cui P, Irimia D, van der Heijden AE, Kramer HJ, Eral HB. Design and Validation of a Droplet-based Microfluidic System To Study Non-Photochemical Laser-Induced Nucleation of Potassium Chloride Solutions. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:6067-6080. [PMID: 37547880 PMCID: PMC10401630 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.3c00591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Non-photochemical laser-induced nucleation (NPLIN) has emerged as a promising primary nucleation control technique offering spatiotemporal control over crystallization with potential for polymorph control. So far, NPLIN was mostly investigated in milliliter vials, through laborious manual counting of the crystallized vials by visual inspection. Microfluidics represents an alternative to acquiring automated and statistically reliable data. Thus we designed a droplet-based microfluidic platform capable of identifying the droplets with crystals emerging upon Nd:YAG laser irradiation using the deep learning method. In our experiments, we used supersaturated solutions of KCl in water, and the effect of laser intensity, wavelength (1064, 532, and 355 nm), solution supersaturation (S), solution filtration, and intentional doping with nanoparticles on the nucleation probability is quantified and compared to control cooling crystallization experiments. Ability of dielectric polarization and the nanoparticle heating mechanisms proposed for NPLIN to explain the acquired results is tested. Solutions with lower supersaturation (S = 1.05) exhibit significantly higher NPLIN probabilities than those in the control experiments for all laser wavelengths above a threshold intensity (50 MW/cm2). At higher supersaturation studied (S = 1.10), irradiation was already effective at lower laser intensities (10 MW/cm2). No significant wavelength effect was observed besides irradiation with 355 nm light at higher laser intensities (≥50 MW/cm2). Solution filtration and intentional doping experiments showed that nanoimpurities might play a significant role in explaining NPLIN phenomena.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Korede
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederico Marques Penha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen 42, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vincent de Munck
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Lotte Stam
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Dubbelman
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nagaraj Nagalingam
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Maheswari Gutta
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - PingPing Cui
- School
of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical
Engineering, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Herman J.M. Kramer
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Hüseyin Burak Eral
- Process
and Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Korede V, Nagalingam N, Penha FM, van der Linden N, Padding JT, Hartkamp R, Eral HB. A Review of Laser-Induced Crystallization from Solution. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:3873-3916. [PMID: 37159656 PMCID: PMC10161235 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c01526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Crystallization abounds in nature and industrial practice. A plethora of indispensable products ranging from agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals to battery materials are produced in crystalline form in industrial practice. Yet, our control over the crystallization process across scales, from molecular to macroscopic, is far from complete. This bottleneck not only hinders our ability to engineer the properties of crystalline products essential for maintaining our quality of life but also hampers progress toward a sustainable circular economy in resource recovery. In recent years, approaches leveraging light fields have emerged as promising alternatives to manipulate crystallization. In this review article, we classify laser-induced crystallization approaches where light-material interactions are utilized to influence crystallization phenomena according to proposed underlying mechanisms and experimental setups. We discuss nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation, high-intensity laser-induced nucleation, laser trapping-induced crystallization, and indirect methods in detail. Throughout the review, we highlight connections among these separately evolving subfields to encourage the interdisciplinary exchange of ideas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram Korede
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nagaraj Nagalingam
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Frederico Marques Penha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute
of Technology, Teknikringen
42, 114-28 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Noah van der Linden
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Johan T. Padding
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Remco Hartkamp
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huseyin Burak Eral
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CB Delft, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Rosselló JM, Ohl CD. Clean production and characterization of nanobubbles using laser energy deposition. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2023; 94:106321. [PMID: 36774673 PMCID: PMC9945800 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We have demonstrated the production of laser bulk nanobubbles (BNB) with ambient radii typically below 500 nm. The gaseous nature of the nanometric objects was confirmed by a focused acoustic pulse that expands the gas cavities to a size that can be visualized with optical microscopy. The BNBs were produced on demand by a collimated high-energy laser pulse in a "clean" way, meaning that no solid particles or drops were introduced in the sample by the generation method. This is a clear advantage relative to the other standard BNB production techniques. Accordingly, the role of nanometric particles in laser bubble production is discussed. The characteristics of the nanobubbles were evaluated with two alternative methods. The first one measures the response of the BNBs to acoustic pulses of increasing amplitude to estimate their rest radius through the calculation of the dynamics Blake threshold. The second one is based on the bubble dissolution dynamics and the correlation of the bubble's lifetime with its initial size. The high reproducibility of the present system in combination with automated data acquisition and analysis constitutes a sound tool for studying the effects of the liquid and gas properties on the stability of the BNBs solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Rosselló
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Askerceva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Choi S, Kim J. Facile Room-Temperature Synthesis of Cerium Carbonate and Cerium Oxide Nano- and Microparticles Using 1,1'-Carbonyldiimidazole and Imidazole in a Nonaqueous Solvent. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:26477-26488. [PMID: 34661003 PMCID: PMC8515608 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ceria nanoparticles (CeONPs) are versatile materials due to their unique catalytic properties, and cerium carbonate particles (CeCbPs) have been widely used as precursors for cerium oxide due to their ease of production. Urea is a widely used precipitant and a source of carbonate ions for the synthesis of CeONPs and CeCbPs, and the reaction temperature is important for controlling the rate of urea decomposition. However, the precise control of the temperature is often difficult, especially in large-scale reactions. Herein, we propose a homogeneous precipitation method that uses 1,1'-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) and imidazole in acetone without heating. The decomposition rate of CDI can be controlled by the amount of water in the reaction mixture. In the synthesis of CeCbPs, unique particle morphologies of plate-, flying-saucer-, and macaron-like shapes and a wide range of sizes from 180 nm to 13 μm can be achieved by adjusting the amount of CDI, imidazole, and water in the reaction. These CeCbPs are transformed into ceria particles by calcination while maintaining their characteristic morphology. Moreover, the direct synthesis of 130 nm spherical CeONPs was possible by decreasing the amount of CDI in the reaction and the mixing time. These nanoparticles exhibited higher production efficiency and superior reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging properties compared to the other CeONPs obtained from calcination. These results demonstrate a novel method using CDI and imidazole in the synthesis of CeONPs and CeCbPs without the aid of a heating process, which may be useful in the large-scale synthesis and application of CeO nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seung
Woo Choi
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- Department
of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for
Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic
of Korea
- School
of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University
(SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical
Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic
of Korea
- Institute
of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan
University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rosselló JM, Ohl CD. On-Demand Bulk Nanobubble Generation through Pulsed Laser Illumination. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:044502. [PMID: 34355964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.044502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the temporally and spatially controlled nucleation of bulk nanobubbles in water through pulsed laser irradiation with a collimated beam. Transient bubbles appear within the light exposed region once a tension wave passes through. The correlation between illumination and cavitation nucleation provides evidence that gaseous nanobubbles are nucleated in the liquid by a laser pulse with an intensity above 58 MW/cm^{2}. We estimate the radius of the nanobubbles through microscopic high-speed imaging and by solving the diffusion equation to be below 420 nm for ∼80% of the bubble population. This technique may provide a novel approach to test theories on existence of stable bulk nanobubbles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Manuel Rosselló
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Claus-Dieter Ohl
- Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Institute of Experimental Physics, Universitätsplatz 2, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barber ER, Ward MR, Ward AD, Alexander AJ. Laser-induced nucleation promotes crystal growth of anhydrous sodium bromide. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1ce01180d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It is demonstrated that laser-induced nucleation enables preferential crystallization of metastable anhydrous solids from solution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor R. Barber
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK
| | - Martin R. Ward
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, 161 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G4 0RE, UK
| | - Andrew D. Ward
- Central Laser Facility, Research Complex at Harwell, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Andrew J. Alexander
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Walton F, Wynne K. Using optical tweezing to control phase separation and nucleation near a liquid-liquid critical point. SOFT MATTER 2019; 15:8279-8289. [PMID: 31603454 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01297d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
About 20 years ago, it was shown that lasers can nucleate crystals in super-saturated solutions and might even be able to select the polymorph that crystallises. However, no theoretical model was found explaining the results and progress was slowed down. Here we show that laser-induced nucleation may be understood in terms of the harnessing of concentration fluctuations near a liquid-liquid critical point using optical tweezing in a process called laser-induced phase separation (LIPS) and LIPS and nucleation (LIPSaN). A theoretical model is presented based on the regular solution model with an added term representing optical tweezing while the dynamics are modelled using a Kramers diffusion equation, and the roles of heat diffusion and thermophoresis are evaluated. LIPS and LIPSaN experiments were carried out on a range of liquid mixtures and the results compared to theory.
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamashita T, Ando K. Low-intensity ultrasound induced cavitation and streaming in oxygen-supersaturated water: Role of cavitation bubbles as physical cleaning agents. ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY 2019; 52:268-279. [PMID: 30573434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A number of acoustic and fluid-dynamic phenomena appear in ultrasonic cleaning baths and contribute to physical cleaning of immersed surfaces. Propagation and repeated reflection of ultrasound within cleaning baths build standing-wave-like acoustic fields; when an ultrasound intensity gradient appears in the acoustic fields, it can in principle induce steady streaming flow. When the ultrasound intensity is sufficiently large, cavitation occurs and oscillating cavitation bubbles are either trapped in the acoustic fields or advected in the flow. These phenomena are believed to produce mechanical action to remove contaminant particles attached at material surfaces. Recent studies suggest that the mechanical action of cavitation bubbles is the dominant factor of particle removal in ultrasonic cleaning, but the bubble collapse resulting from high-intensity ultrasound may be violent enough to give rise to surface erosion. In this paper, we aim to carefully examine the role of cavitation bubbles from ultrasonic cleaning tests with varying dissolved gas concentration in water. In our cleaning tests using 28-kHz ultrasound, oxygen-supersaturated water is produced by oxygen-microbubble aeration and used as a cleaning solution, and glass slides spin-coated with silica particles of micron/submicron sizes are used to define cleaning efficiency. High-speed camera recordings and Particle Image Velocimetry analysis with a pressure oscillation amplitude of 1.4 atm at the pressure antinode show that the population of cavitation bubbles increases and streaming flow inside the bath is promoted, as the dissolved oxygen supersaturation increases. The particle removal is found to be achieved mainly by the action of cavitation bubbles, but there exists optimal gas supersaturation to maximize the removal efficiency. Our finding suggests that low-intensity ultrasound irradiation under the optimal gas supersaturation in cleaning solutions allows for having mild bubble dynamics without violent collapse and thus cleaning surfaces without cavitation erosion. Finally, observations of individual bubble dynamics and the resulting particle removal are reported to further support the role of cavitation bubbles as cleaning agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Yamashita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Keita Ando
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Keio University, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J. Camp
- School of Chemistry, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
- Department of Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, Institute of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, Ural Federal University, 51 Lenin Avenue, Ekaterinburg 620000, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sindt JO, Alexander AJ, Camp PJ. Effects of nanoparticle heating on the structure of a concentrated aqueous salt solution. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:214506. [PMID: 29221397 DOI: 10.1063/1.5002002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a rapidly heated nanoparticle on the structure of a concentrated aqueous salt solution are studied using molecular dynamics simulations. A diamond-like nanoparticle of radius 20 Å is immersed in a sodium-chloride solution at 20% above the experimental saturation concentration and equilibrated at T = 293 K and P = 1 atm. The nanoparticle is then rapidly heated to several thousand degrees Kelvin, and the system is held under isobaric-isoenthalpic conditions. It is observed that after 2-3 ns, the salt ions are depleted far more than water molecules from a proximal zone 15-25 Å from the nanoparticle surface. This leads to a transient reduction in molality in the proximal zone and an increase in ion clustering in the distal zone. At longer times, ions begin to diffuse back into the proximal zone. It is speculated that the formation of proximal and distal zones, and the increase in ion clustering, plays a role in the mechanism of nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien O Sindt
- School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JL, Scotland
| | - Andrew J Alexander
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| | - Philip J Camp
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu Y, van den Berg MH, Alexander AJ. Supersaturation dependence of glycine polymorphism using laser-induced nucleation, sonocrystallization and nucleation by mechanical shock. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19386-19392. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Nucleation of glycine by laser, ultrasound and mechanical shock exhibits a transition from the alpha to the gamma polymorph with increasing supersaturation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- David Brewster Road
- Scotland
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu Y, Ward MR, Alexander AJ. Polarization independence of laser-induced nucleation in supersaturated aqueous urea solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3464-3467. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07997k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Imaging reveals no alignment of urea crystal axis with the electric field direction, contrary to current understanding of laser-induced nucleation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- School of Chemistry
- University of Edinburgh
- Edinburgh
- UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|