1
|
Sun G, Zheng X, Song Y, Zhou W, Zhang J. Photodissociation dynamics of the ethyl radical via the Ã2A'(3s) state: H-atom product channels and ethylene product vibrational state distribution. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:104306. [PMID: 37694747 DOI: 10.1063/5.0166757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The photodissociation dynamics of jet-cooled ethyl radical (C2H5) via the Ã2A'(3s) states are studied in the wavelength region of 230-260 nm using the high-n Rydberg H-atom time-of-flight (TOF) technique. The H + C2H4 product channels are reexamined using the H-atom TOF spectra and photofragment translational spectroscopy. A prompt H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel is characterized by a repulsive translational energy release, anisotropic product angular distribution, and partially resolved vibrational state distribution of the C2H4(X̃1Ag) product. This fast dissociation is initiated from the 3s Rydberg state and proceeds via a H-bridged configuration directly to the H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) products. A statistical-like H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel via unimolecular dissociation of the hot electronic ground-state ethyl (X̃2A') after internal conversion from the 3s Rydberg state is also examined, showing a modest translational energy release and isotropic angular distribution. An adiabatic H + excited triplet C2H4(ã3B1u) product channel (a minor channel) is identified by energy-dependent product angular distribution, showing a small translational energy release, anisotropic angular distribution, and significant internal excitation in the C2H4(ã3B1u) product. The dissociation times of the different product channels are evaluated using energy-dependent product angular distribution and pump-probe delay measurements. The prompt H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel has a dissociation time scale of <10 ps, and the upper bound of the dissociation time scale of the statistical-like H + C2H4(X̃1Ag) product channel is <5 ns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Weidong Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Datta S, Davis HF. Site-Specific Carbon-Carbon Bond Fission in Photoexcited Propyl Radicals Leads to Isomer-Selective Carbene and Radical Products. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11926-11930. [PMID: 34878789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Although there have been many studies of C-H bond fission in the UV photochemistry of alkyl radicals, very little is known about the possible occurrence of C-C bond fission. Here, we report that upon excitation at 248 nm, gaseous 1-propyl radicals primarily undergo C-C bond fission, producing methylene (CH2) and ethyl radicals (C2H5), rather than the more energetically favored methyl (CH3) and ethylene (C2H4). In contrast, the exclusive C-C bond fission products from 2-propyl radicals were ethylidene (CHCH3) plus methyl radicals (CH3). The isomer-selective formation of high-energy carbene + radical products involves excited-state site-specific C-C bond fission at the radical carbon, with quantum yields comparable to those for C-H bond fission. Our observations suggest that a general feature of alkyl radical photochemistry is predissociation of the initially formed Rydberg states by high-lying valence states, yielding high-energy carbene plus alkyl radical products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Datta
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| | - H Floyd Davis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-1301, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun G, Zheng X, Xu K, Song Y, Zhang J. Photodissociation Dynamics of Vinoxy Radical via the B̃ 2A″ State: The H + CH 2CO Product Channel. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:8882-8890. [PMID: 34607427 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c07099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of the jet-cooled vinoxy radical (CH2CHO) via the B̃2A″ state was studied in the near-ultraviolet (near-UV) region of 308-328 nm using high-n Rydberg H atom time-of-flight (HRTOF) and resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) techniques. The vinoxy radical beam was produced by 193 nm photolysis of ethyl vinyl ether followed by supersonic expansion. The H + CH2CO product channel was observed directly in the H atom TOF spectra. The H atom photofragment yield (PFY) spectra were obtained by integrating the H atom TOF spectra and measuring the H atom REMPI signals, and showed several vibronic bands of the B̃2A″ state. The translational energy distributions of the H + CH2CO products, P(ET)'s, were obtained at several vibronic transitions. The P(ET) distributions were broad, peaking at a low energy of ∼3500 cm-1. The product translational energy release was moderate; the average translational energy release in the maximum available energy, ⟨fT⟩, was in the range of 0.24-0.27. The product angular distributions in this wavelength region were slightly anisotropic, with the β parameter in the range of 0.10-0.24. The near-UV photodissociation mechanism of the H + CH2CO product channel of the vinoxy radical is consistent with unimolecular dissociation on the electronic ground state (X̃2A″) following internal conversion from the B̃2A″ state to the Ã2A' state and then to the X̃2A″ state (although unimolecular dissociation from the first excited Ã2A' may also contribute).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Kesheng Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States.,Air Pollution Research Center, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lucas M, Sun G, Liu Y, Shao K, Zhang J. Ultraviolet Photodissociation Dynamics of the Cyclohexyl Radical: The H-Atom Product Channel. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:5534-5543. [PMID: 34133143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) photodissociation dynamics of the jet-cooled cyclohexyl (c-C6H11) radical is studied using the high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight (HRTOF) technique. The cyclohexyl radical is produced by the 193 nm photodissociation of chlorocyclohexane and bromocyclohexane and is examined in the photolysis wavelength region of 232-262 nm. The H-atom photofragment yield (PFY) spectrum contains a broad peak centered at 250 nm, which is in good agreement with the UV absorption spectrum of the cyclohexyl radical and assigned to the 3p Rydberg states. The translational energy distributions of the H-atom loss product channel, P(ET)'s, are bimodal, with a slow (low ET) component peaking at ∼6 to 7 kcal/mol and a fast (high ET) component peaking at ∼44-48 kcal/mol. The fraction of the average translational energy in the total excess energy, ⟨fT⟩, is in the range of 0.16-0.25 in the photolysis wavelength region of 232-262 nm. The H-atom product angular distribution of the slow component is isotropic, while that of the fast component is anisotropic with an anisotropy parameter of β ≈ 0.5-0.7. The bimodal product translational energy and angular distributions indicate two dissociation pathways to the H + C6H10 products in cyclohexyl. The high-ET anisotropic component is from a repulsive, prompt dissociation on a repulsive potential energy surface coupling with the Rydberg excited states to produce H + cyclohexene. The low-ET isotropic component is consistent with the unimolecular dissociation of hot radical on the ground electronic state after internal conversion from the Rydberg states. The similarity of the photodissociation dynamics of the cyclohexyl radical to the previously studied small linear and branched alkyls expands on the understanding of the dissociation dynamics of alkyl radicals to include larger cyclic alkyl radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lucas
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Yanlin Liu
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Kuanliang Shao
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521 United States
- Air Pollution Research Center, University of California, Riverside, California 92521 United States
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ramphal IA, Shapero M, Neumark DM. Photodissociation Dynamics of the Cyclohexyl Radical from the 3p Rydberg State at 248 nm. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3900-3911. [PMID: 33913714 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c02393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The photodissociation of jet-cooled cyclohexyl was studied by exciting the radicals to their 3p Rydberg state by using 248 nm laser light and detecting photoproducts by photofragment translational spectroscopy. Both H atom loss and dissociation to heavy fragment pairs are observed. The H atom loss channel exhibits a two-component translational energy distribution. The fast photoproduct component is attributed to impulsive cleavage directly from an excited state, likely the Rydberg 3s state, forming cyclohexene. The slow component is due to statistical decomposition of hot cyclohexyl radicals that internally convert to the ground electronic state prior to H atom loss. The fast and slow components are present in an ∼0.7:1 ratio, similar to findings in other alkyl radicals. Internal conversion to the ground state also leads to ring-opening followed by dissociation to 1-buten-4-yl + ethene in comparable yield to H-loss, with the C4H7 fragment containing enough internal energy to dissociate further to butadiene via H atom loss. A very minor ground-state C5H8 + CH3 channel is observed, attributed predominantly to 1,3-pentadiene formation. The ground-state branching ratios agree well with RRKM calculations, which also predict C4H6 + C2H5 and C3H6 + C3H5 channels with similar yield to C5H8 + CH3. If these channels were active, it was at levels too low to be observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isaac A Ramphal
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Mark Shapero
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Daniel M Neumark
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chicharro DV, Zanchet A, Bouallagui A, Rubio-Lago L, García-Vela A, Bañares L, Marggi Poullain S. Site-specific hydrogen-atom elimination in photoexcited alkyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:2458-2468. [PMID: 33463638 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05410k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A prompt site-specific hydrogen-atom elimination from the α-carbon atom (Cα) has been recently reported to occur in the photodissociation of ethyl radicals following excitation at 201 nm [Chicharro et al., Chem. Sci., 2019, 10, 6494]. Such pathway was accessed by means of an initial ro-vibrational energy characterizing the radicals produced by in situ photolysis of a precursor. Here, we present experimental evidence of a similar dynamics in a series of alkyl radicals (C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9, and i-C3H7) containing the same reaction coordinate, but different extended structures. The main requirements for the site-specific mechanism in the studied radicals, namely a rather high content of internal energy prior to dissociation and the participation of vibrational promoting modes, is discussed in terms of the chemical structure of the radicals. The methyl deformation mode in all alkyl radicals along with the CH bending motion in i-C3H7 appear to promote this fast H-atom elimination channel. The photodissociation dynamics of the simplest unsaturated alkyl radical, the vinyl radical (C2H3), is also discussed, showing no signal of site-specific fast H-atom elimination. The results are complemented with high-level ab initio electronic structure calculations of potential energy curves of the vinyl radical, which are compared with those previously reported for the ethyl radical.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David V Chicharro
- Departamento de Química Física (Unidad Asociada I + D + i al CSIC), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sun G, Zheng X, Song Y, Lucas M, Zhang J. Ultraviolet photodissociation dynamics of the n-butyl, s-butyl, and t-butyl radicals. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:244303. [PMID: 32610986 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodissociation dynamics of the jet-cooled n-butyl radical via the 3s Rydberg state and the s-butyl radical via the 3p Rydberg states in the ultraviolet region of 233 nm-258 nm, as well as the t-butyl radical via the 3d Rydberg states at 226 nm-244 nm, are studied using the high-n Rydberg atom time-of-flight technique. The H-atom photofragment yield spectra of the n-butyl, s-butyl, and t-butyl radicals show a broad feature centered around 247 nm, 244 nm, and 234 nm, respectively. The translational energy distributions of the H + C4H8 products, P(ET)'s, of the three radicals are bimodal, with a slow (low ET) component peaking at ∼6 kcal/mol and a fast (high ET) component peaking at ∼52 kcal/mol-57 kcal/mol, ∼43 kcal/mol, and ∼37 kcal/mol for n-butyl, s-butyl, and t-butyl, respectively. The fraction of the products' translational energy in the available energy, ⟨ fT⟩, is 0.31, 0.30, and 0.27 for n-butyl, s-butyl, and t-butyl, respectively. The H-atom product angular distributions of the slow component are isotropic for all three radicals, while those of the fast component are anisotropic for n-butyl and s-butyl with an anisotropy parameter β ∼ 0.7 and ∼ 0.3 and that of the fast component of t-butyl is nearly isotropic. The bimodal product translational energy and angular distributions indicate two dissociation pathways to the H + C4H8 products in these three radicals, a direct, prompt dissociation on the repulsive potential energy surface coupling with the Rydberg excited states, and a unimolecular dissociation of the hot radical on the ground electronic state after internal conversion from the Rydberg states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Michael Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun G, Lucas M, Song Y, Zhang J, Brazier C, Houston PL, Bowman JM. H atom Product Channels in the Ultraviolet Photodissociation of the 2-Propenyl Radical. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:9957-9965. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b07797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Michael Lucas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Christopher Brazier
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, California 90840, United States
| | - Paul L. Houston
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States and
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Joel M. Bowman
- Department of Chemistry and Cherry L. Emerson Center for Scientific Computation, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun G, Zheng X, Song Y, Zhang J. H-Atom Product Channel in the Ultraviolet Photodissociation of the Thiomethoxy Radical (CH 3S) via the B̃ 2A 2 State. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5849-5858. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sutradhar S, Samanta BR, Fernando R, Reisler H. Spectroscopy and Two-Photon Dissociation of Jet-Cooled Pyruvic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5906-5917. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b04166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhasish Sutradhar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Bibek R. Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Ravin Fernando
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| | - Hanna Reisler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-0482, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Han S, Zheng X, Ndengué S, Song Y, Dawes R, Xie D, Zhang J, Guo H. Dynamical interference in the vibronic bond breaking reaction of HCO. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2019; 5:eaau0582. [PMID: 30613767 PMCID: PMC6314872 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau0582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
First-principles treatments of quantum molecular reaction dynamics have reached the level of quantitative accuracy even in cases with strong non-Born-Oppenheimer effects. This achievement permits the interpretation of puzzling experimental phenomena related to dynamics governed by multiple coupled potential energy surfaces. We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the photodissociation of formyl radical (HCO). Oscillations observed in the distribution of product states are found to arise from the interference of matter waves-a manifestation analogous to Young's double-slit experiment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Han
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Xianfeng Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Optoelectric Materials Science and Technology, Department of Physics, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, China
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Steve Ndengué
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Richard Dawes
- Department of Chemistry, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
| | - Daiqian Xie
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Mesoscopic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics (CAS), University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Reaction Dynamics and Center for Theoretical Computational Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ashfold MNR, Ingle RA, Karsili TNV, Zhang J. Photoinduced C–H bond fission in prototypical organic molecules and radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:13880-13901. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07454b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We survey and assess current knowledge regarding the primary photochemistry of hydrocarbon molecules and radicals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California at Riverside
- Riverside
- USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Affiliation(s)
- Ge Sun
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jingsong Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Riverside Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Giacomozzi L, Gatchell M, de Ruette N, Wolf M, D'Angelo G, Schmidt HT, Cederquist H, Zettergren H. Knockout driven fragmentation of porphyrins. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01583f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have studied collisions between tetraphenylporphyrin cations and He or Ne at center-of-mass energies in the range 50–110 eV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Physics
- Stockholm University
- Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Giovanna D'Angelo
- Department of Physics
- Stockholm University
- Stockholm
- Sweden
- Faculdade de Ciências
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|