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Muscas G, Jönsson PE, Serrano IG, Vallin Ö, Kamalakar MV. Ultralow magnetostrictive flexible ferromagnetic nanowires. NANOSCALE 2021; 13:6043-6052. [PMID: 33885602 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr08355k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The integration of magneto-electric and spintronic sensors to flexible electronics presents a huge potential for advancing flexible and wearable technologies. Magnetic nanowires are core components for building such devices. Therefore, realizing flexible magnetic nanowires with engineered magneto-elastic properties is key to flexible spintronic circuits, as well as creating unique pathways to explore complex flexible spintronic, magnonic, and magneto-plasmonic devices. Here, we demonstrate highly resilient flexible ferromagnetic nanowires on transparent flexible substrates for the first time. Through extensive magneto-optical Kerr experiments, exploring the Villari effect, we reveal an ultralow magnetostrictive constant in nanowires, a two-order reduced value compared to bulk values. In addition, the flexible magnetic nanowires exhibit remarkable resilience sustaining bending radii ∼5 mm, high endurance, and enhanced elastic limit compared to thin films of similar thickness and composition. The observed performance is corroborated by our micro-magnetic simulations and can be attributed to the reduced size and strong nanostructure-interfacial effects. Such stable magnetic nanowires with ultralow magnetostriction open up new opportunities for stable surface mountable and wearable spintronic sensors, advanced nanospintronic circuits, and for exploring novel strain-induced quantum effects in hybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Muscas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 516, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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2
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Usov NA, Nesmeyanov MS. Multi-domain structures in spheroidal Co nanoparticles. Sci Rep 2020; 10:10173. [PMID: 32576958 PMCID: PMC7311469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-67173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure of multi-domain micromagnetic states in hcp cobalt nanoparticles of spheroidal shape has been studied using numerical simulation in the range of diameters 20–200 nm. The single-domain diameters of the particles are determined depending on their aspect ratio. The complicated vortex structure of domain walls for two- and three-domain micromagnetic configurations is investigated. It has been shown that three domain states are actually strongly deformed two vortex states. In hcp cobalt particles of sufficiently large sizes two types of three-domain micromagnetic states with close total energies have been obtained. They differ in different magnetization directions of the exchange cores of the vortex domain walls. The remanent magnetization of particles has been calculated for two- and three-domain micromagnetic states. The single-domain diameters of fcc cobalt nanoparticles with cubic type of magnetic anisotropy were also calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Usov
- National University of Science and Technology «MISiS», 119049, Moscow, Russia. .,Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, (IZMIRAN), 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia.
| | - M S Nesmeyanov
- Pushkov Institute of Terrestrial Magnetism, Ionosphere and Radio Wave Propagation, Russian Academy of Sciences, (IZMIRAN), 108840, Troitsk, Moscow, Russia
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Zamani Kouhpanji MR, Stadler BJH. A Guideline for Effectively Synthesizing and Characterizing Magnetic Nanoparticles for Advancing Nanobiotechnology: A Review. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 20:E2554. [PMID: 32365832 PMCID: PMC7248791 DOI: 10.3390/s20092554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable multimodal functionalities of magnetic nanoparticles, conferred by their size and morphology, are very important in resolving challenges slowing the progression of nanobiotechnology. The rapid and revolutionary expansion of magnetic nanoparticles in nanobiotechnology, especially in nanomedicine and therapeutics, demands an overview of the current state of the art for synthesizing and characterizing magnetic nanoparticles. In this review, we explain the synthesis routes for tailoring the size, morphology, composition, and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanoparticles. The pros and cons of the most popularly used characterization techniques for determining the aforementioned parameters, with particular focus on nanomedicine and biosensing applications, are discussed. Moreover, we provide numerous biomedical applications and highlight their challenges and requirements that must be met using the magnetic nanoparticles to achieve the most effective outcomes. Finally, we conclude this review by providing an insight towards resolving the persisting challenges and the future directions. This review should be an excellent source of information for beginners in this field who are looking for a groundbreaking start but they have been overwhelmed by the volume of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Zamani Kouhpanji
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Andersen IM, Rodríguez LA, Bran C, Marcelot C, Joulie S, Hungria T, Vazquez M, Gatel C, Snoeck E. Exotic Transverse-Vortex Magnetic Configurations in CoNi Nanowires. ACS NANO 2020; 14:1399-1405. [PMID: 31825584 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b07448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The magnetic configurations of cylindrical Co-rich CoNi nanowires have been quantitatively analyzed at the nanoscale by electron holography and correlated to local structural and chemical properties. The nanowires display grains of both face-centered cubic (fcc) and hexagonal close packed (hcp) crystal structures, with grain boundaries parallel to the nanowire axis direction. Electron holography evidences the existence of a complex exotic magnetic configuration characterized by two distinctly different types of magnetic configurations within a single nanowire: an array of periodical vortices separating small transverse domains in hcp-rich regions with perpendicular easy axis orientation and a mostly axial configuration parallel to the nanowire axis in regions with fcc grains. These vastly different domains are found to be caused by local variations in the chemical composition modifying the crystalline orientation and/or structure, which give rise to change in magnetic anisotropies. Micromagnetic simulations, including the structural properties that have been experimentally determined, allow for a deeper understanding of the complex magnetic states observed by electron holography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Marie Andersen
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales-CNRS , 29 Jeanne Marvig , 31055 Toulouse , France
| | - Luis Alfredo Rodríguez
- Centro de Excelencia en Nuevos Materiales , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
- Department of Physics , Universidad del Valle , A.A. 25360 Cali , Colombia
| | - Cristina Bran
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Cécile Marcelot
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales-CNRS , 29 Jeanne Marvig , 31055 Toulouse , France
| | - Sébastien Joulie
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales-CNRS , 29 Jeanne Marvig , 31055 Toulouse , France
| | - Teresa Hungria
- Centre de Microcaractérisation Raimond CASTAING , Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UT3 - Paul Sabatier, INP, INSA , Espace Clément Ader, 3 Rue Caroline Aigle , 31400 Toulouse , France
| | - Manuel Vazquez
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid-CSIC , 28049 Madrid , Spain
| | - Christophe Gatel
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales-CNRS , 29 Jeanne Marvig , 31055 Toulouse , France
| | - Etienne Snoeck
- Centre d'Elaboration de Matériaux et d'Etudes Structurales-CNRS , 29 Jeanne Marvig , 31055 Toulouse , France
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5
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Lee M, Jang B, Yoon J, Mathpal MC, Lee Y, Kim C, Pane S, Nelson BJ, Lee D. Magnetic imaging of a single ferromagnetic nanowire using diamond atomic sensors. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:405502. [PMID: 29998847 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad2fe] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in nanorobotic manipulation of ferromagnetic nanowires bring new avenues for applications in the biomedical area, such as targeted drug delivery, diagnostics or localized surgery. However, probing a single nanowire and monitoring its dynamics remains a challenge since it demands high precision sensing, high-resolution imaging, and stable operations in fluidic environments. Here, we report on a novel method of imaging and sensing magnetic fields from a single ferromagnetic nanowire with an atomic-scale sensor in diamond, i.e. diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect center. The distribution of static magnetic fields around a single Co nanowire is mapped out by spatially distributed NV centers and the obtained image is further compared with numerical simulation for quantitative analysis. DC field measurements such as continuous-wave ODMR and Ramsey sequence are used in the paper and sub Gauss level of field sensing is demonstrated. By imaging magnetic fields at a single nanowire level, this work represents an important step toward tracking and probing of ferromagnetic nanowires in biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myeongwon Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Sánchez Muñoz C, Lara A, Puebla J, Nori F. Hybrid Systems for the Generation of Nonclassical Mechanical States via Quadratic Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:123604. [PMID: 30296112 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.123604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present a method to implement two-phonon interactions between mechanical resonators and spin qubits in hybrid setups, and show that these systems can be applied for the generation of nonclassical mechanical states even in the presence of dissipation. In particular, we demonstrate that the implementation of a two-phonon Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian under coherent driving of the qubit yields a dissipative phase transition with similarities to the one predicted in the model of the degenerate parametric oscillator: beyond a certain threshold in the driving amplitude, the driven-dissipative system sustains a mixed steady state consisting of a "jumping cat," i.e., a cat state undergoing random jumps between two phases. We consider realistic setups and show that, in samples within reach of current technology, the system features nonclassical transient states, characterized by a negative Wigner function, that persist during timescales of fractions of a second.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sánchez Muñoz
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Antonio Lara
- Dpto. Física Materia Condensada C03, Instituto Nicolas Cabrera (INC), Condensed Matter Physics Institute (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Puebla
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Franco Nori
- Theoretical Quantum Physics Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA
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Ortega E, Santiago U, Giuliani JG, Monton C, Ponce A. In-situ magnetization/heating electron holography to study the magnetic ordering in arrays of nickel metallic nanowires. AIP ADVANCES 2018; 8:056813. [PMID: 29375931 PMCID: PMC5760265 DOI: 10.1063/1.5007671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanostructures of different size, shape, and composition possess a great potential to improve current technologies like data storage and electromagnetic sensing. In thin ferromagnetic nanowires, their magnetization behavior is dominated by the competition between magnetocrystalline anisotropy (related to the crystalline structure) and shape anisotropy. In this way electron diffraction methods like precession electron diffraction (PED) can be used to link the magnetic behavior observed by Electron Holography (EH) with its crystallinity. Using off-axis electron holography under Lorentz conditions, we can experimentally determine the magnetization distribution over neighboring nanostructures and their diamagnetic matrix. In the case of a single row of nickel nanowires within the alumina template, the thin TEM samples showed a dominant antiferromagnetic arrangement demonstrating long-range magnetostatic interactions playing a major role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ortega
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
| | - Ulises Santiago
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
| | - Jason G Giuliani
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
| | - Carlos Monton
- Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78249, United States
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Core-shell magnetoelectric nanorobot - A remotely controlled probe for targeted cell manipulation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1755. [PMID: 29379076 PMCID: PMC5788862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20191-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We have developed a remotely controlled dynamic process of manipulating targeted biological live cells using fabricated core-shell nanocomposites, which comprises of single crystalline ferromagnetic cores (CoFe2O4) coated with crystalline ferroelectric thin film shells (BaTiO3). We demonstrate them as a unique family of inorganic magnetoelectric nanorobots (MENRs), controlled remotely by applied a.c. or d.c. magnetic fields, to perform cell targeting, permeation, and transport. Under a.c. magnetic field excitation (50 Oe, 60 Hz), the MENR acts as a localized electric periodic pulse generator and can permeate a series of misaligned cells, while aligning them to an equipotential mono-array by inducing inter-cellular signaling. Under a.c. magnetic field (40 Oe, 30 Hz) excitation, MENRs can be dynamically driven to a targeted cell, avoiding untargeted cells in the path, irrespective of cell density. D.C. magnetic field (−50 Oe) excitation causes the MENRs to act as thrust generator and exerts motion in a group of cells.
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10
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Akhtari-Zavareh A, De Graef M, Kavanagh KL. Magnetic phase shift reconstruction for uniformly magnetized nanowires. Ultramicroscopy 2016; 172:10-16. [PMID: 27744132 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical model is developed for the magnetic phase shift of uniformly magnetized nanowires with ideal cylindrical geometry. The model is applied to experimental data from off-axis electron holography measurements of the phase shift of CoFeB nanowires, and the saturation induction of a selected wire, as well as its radius, aspect ratio, position and orientation, is determined by fitting the model parameters. The saturation induction value of 1.7T of the CoFeB nanowire is found to be similar, to be within the measurement error, to values reported in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc De Graef
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Karen L Kavanagh
- Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
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Reyes D, Biziere N, Warot-Fonrose B, Wade T, Gatel C. Magnetic Configurations in Co/Cu Multilayered Nanowires: Evidence of Structural and Magnetic Interplay. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:1230-1236. [PMID: 26783831 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Off-axis electron holography experiments have been combined with micromagnetic simulations to study the remnant magnetic states of electrodeposited Co/Cu multilayered nanocylinders. Structural and chemical data obtained by transmission electron microscopy have been introduced in the simulations. Three different magnetic configurations such as an antiparallel coupling of the Co layers, coupled vortices, and a monodomain-like state have been quantitatively mapped and simulated. While most of the wires present the same remnant state whatever the direction of the saturation field, we show that some layers can present a change from an antiparallel coupling to vortices. Such a configuration can be of particular interest to design nano-oscillators with two different working frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Reyes
- CEMES CNRS-UPR 8011, Université de Toulouse , 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - N Biziere
- CEMES CNRS-UPR 8011, Université de Toulouse , 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - B Warot-Fonrose
- CEMES CNRS-UPR 8011, Université de Toulouse , 31055 Toulouse, France
| | - T Wade
- Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, CEA, Université Paris Saclay , F 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - C Gatel
- CEMES CNRS-UPR 8011, Université de Toulouse , 31055 Toulouse, France
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Shore D, Pailloux SL, Zhang J, Gage T, Flannigan DJ, Garwood M, Pierre VC, Stadler BJH. Electrodeposited Fe and Fe–Au nanowires as MRI contrast agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:12634-12637. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc06991f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
T
2-Weighted images (9.4 T, 25 °C) of electrodeposited Fe and Fe–Au nanowires, various concentrations, coated with PEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Shore
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Jinjin Zhang
- Department of Radiology-CMRR
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Thomas Gage
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - David J. Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Materials Science
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | - Michael Garwood
- Department of Radiology-CMRR
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
| | | | - Bethanie J. H. Stadler
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities
- Minneapolis
- USA
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Cantu-Valle J, Betancourt I, Sanchez JE, Ruiz-Zepeda F, Maqableh MM, Mendoza-Santoyo F, Stadler BJH, Ponce A. Mapping the magnetic and crystal structure in cobalt nanowires. JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 2015; 118:024302. [PMID: 26221057 PMCID: PMC4499055 DOI: 10.1063/1.4923745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using off-axis electron holography under Lorentz microscopy conditions to experimentally determine the magnetization distribution in individual cobalt (Co) nanowires, and scanning precession-electron diffraction to obtain their crystalline orientation phase map, allowed us to directly visualize with high accuracy the effect of crystallographic texture on the magnetization of nanowires. The influence of grain boundaries and disorientations on the magnetic structure is correlated on the basis of micromagnetic analysis in order to establish the detailed relationship between magnetic and crystalline structure. This approach demonstrates the applicability of the method employed and provides further understanding on the effect of crystalline structure on magnetic properties at the nanometric scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Cantu-Valle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Israel Betancourt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - John E Sanchez
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Mazin M Maqableh
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , 4-174 EE/CSci Bldg., 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Fernando Mendoza-Santoyo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
| | - Bethanie J H Stadler
- Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota , 4-174 EE/CSci Bldg., 200 Union St. SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Arturo Ponce
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle , San Antonio, Texas 78249, USA
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