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Ortiz de Zárate JM, Sengers JV. Frame-invariant Fick diffusion matrices of multicomponent fluid mixtures. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:17597-17604. [PMID: 32808943 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp01110j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extension of a description of mass diffusion in binary fluids based on Fick's law to multicomponent fluids requires introduction of diffusion matrices. A problem is that Fick diffusion matrices commonly adopted for multicomponent fluids depend on the velocity frame of reference. In this paper we show how one can define Fick diffusion matrices for multicomponent fluids that are frame invariant.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Ortiz de Zárate
- Department of Structure of Matter, Thermal Physics and Electronics, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Galand Q, Van Vaerenbergh S, Köhler W, Khlybov O, Lyubimova T, Mialdun A, Ryzhkov I, Shevtsova V, Triller T. Results of the DCMIX1 experiment on measurement of Soret coefficients in ternary mixtures of hydrocarbons under microgravity conditions on the ISS. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:134502. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5100595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Galand
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéfan Van Vaerenbergh
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Werner Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Oleg Khlybov
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva, 1, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Tatyana Lyubimova
- Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koroleva, 1, 614013 Perm, Russia
| | - Aliaksandr Mialdun
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ilya Ryzhkov
- Institute of Computational Modelling SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
- Siberian Federal University, Svobodny 79, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
| | - Valentina Shevtsova
- MRC, Université libre de Bruxelles, Department of Chemical Physics, Avenue F. D. Roosevelt, CP165/32, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thomas Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Triller T, Sommermann D, Schraml M, Sommer F, Lapeira E, Bou-Ali MM, Köhler W. The Soret effect in ternary mixtures of water+ethanol+triethylene glycol of equal mass fractions: Ground and microgravity experiments. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2019; 42:27. [PMID: 30835000 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2019-11789-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients of a symmetric ternary mixture with equal mass fractions of water, ethanol, and triethylene glycol have been performed by two-color optical beam deflection (2-OBD) and the thermogravitational column technique (TGC) in the laboratory and under microgravity conditions in the Selectable Optical Diagnostics Instrument (SODI) aboard the International Space Station. The results from all three experimental techniques agree within the experimental error bars, which result mainly from the inversion of the contrast factor matrices. TGC shows by far the lowest, 2-OBD the highest error amplification. The microgravity measurements are in between. The agreement with the microgravity results shows that thermosolutal convection could be well controlled in the 2-OBD experiments by a proper orientation of the temperature gradient. Despite the different condition numbers, the results are invariant under the choice of the independent compositions. Based on the orientation of the confidence ellipsoid in the ternary composition diagram, not all coefficients are equally affected by experimental errors. Although there are appreciable uncertainties for water and ethanol, the Soret and the thermodiffusion coefficients of triethylene glycol could be obtained with a good accuracy due to the favorable orientation of the confidence ellipsoid. We have found that water behaves thermophobic, corresponding to a positive Soret coefficient, whereas both ethanol and triethylene glycol are thermophilic with negative Soret coefficients. This resembles the behaviour of the binary system ethanol/water above the ethanol concentration of the sign change.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - D Sommermann
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - M Schraml
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - F Sommer
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - E Lapeira
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - M M Bou-Ali
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500, Mondragon, Spain
| | - W Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany.
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4
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Nonlinear Regimes of the Soret-Induced Convection of Ternary Fluid in a Square Porous Cavity. Transp Porous Media 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11242-018-1211-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Matsuura H, Nagasaka Y. Soret forced Rayleigh scattering instrument for simultaneous detection of two-wavelength signals to measure Soret coefficient and thermodiffusion coefficient in ternary mixtures. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:024903. [PMID: 29495814 DOI: 10.1063/1.5013292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We describe an instrument for the measurement of the Soret and thermodiffusion coefficients in ternary systems based on the transient holographic grating technique, which is called Soret forced Rayleigh scattering (SFRS) or thermal diffusion forced Rayleigh scattering (TDFRS). We integrated the SFRS technique and the two-wavelength detection technique, which enabled us to obtain two different signals to determine the two independent Soret coefficients and thermodiffusion coefficients in ternary systems. The instrument has been designed to read the mass transport simultaneously by two-wavelength lasers with wavelengths of λ = 403 nm and λ = 639 nm. The irradiation time of the probing lasers is controlled to reduce the effect of laser absorption to the sample with dye (quinizarin), which is added to convert the interference pattern of the heating laser of λ = 532 nm to the temperature grating. The result of the measurement of binary benchmark mixtures composed of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (THN), isobutylbenzene (IBB), and n-dodecane (nC12) shows that the simultaneous two-wavelength observation of the Soret effect and the mass diffusion are adequately performed. To evaluate performance in the measurement of ternary systems, we carried out experiments on the ternary benchmark mixtures of THN/IBB/nC12 with the mass fractions of 0.800/0.100/0.100 at a temperature of 298.2 K. The Soret coefficient and thermodiffusion coefficient agreed with the ternary benchmark values within the range of the standard uncertainties (23% for the Soret coefficient of THN and 30% for the thermodiffusion coefficient of THN).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsuura
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
| | - Y Nagasaka
- Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1, Hiyoshi, 223-8522 Yokohama, Japan
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Lapeira E, Gebhardt M, Triller T, Mialdun A, Köhler W, Shevtsova V, Bou-Ali MM. Transport properties of the binary mixtures of the three organic liquids toluene, methanol, and cyclohexane. J Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4977078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E. Lapeira
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain
| | - M. Gebhardt
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - T. Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - A. Mialdun
- MRC, CP165/62, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - W. Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - V. Shevtsova
- MRC, CP165/62, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Ave. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - M. M. Bou-Ali
- Mechanical and Manufacturing Department, MGEP Mondragon Goi Eskola Politeknikoa, Loramendi 4 Apdo. 23, 20500 Mondragon, Spain
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Bataller H, Triller T, Pur B, Köhler W, Ortiz de Zárate JM, Croccolo F. Dynamic analysis of the light scattered by the non-equilibrium fluctuations of a ternary mixture of polystyrene-toluene-n-hexane. THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL. E, SOFT MATTER 2017; 40:35. [PMID: 28352991 DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2017-11522-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic analysis of the light scattered by non-equilibrium fluctuations in a thermodiffusion experiment has been performed on a sample of polystyrene-toluene-n -hexane, at 0.9-49.55-49.55% mass fraction. Time decays of the non-equilibrium fluctuations have been obtained revealing the accurate detectability of three modes. The slowest mode has been attributed to the mass diffusion of the polymer into the binary solvent; the intermediate one to mass diffusion of the two molecular components of the solvent; finally, the fastest one has been attributed to the thermal diffusivity of the overall mixture. The two eigenvalues of the mass diffusion matrix have been evaluated with accuracy in the order of 1%. Neglecting cross-diffusion effects we obtain a simplified expression for the relative amplitude of the two mass diffusion modes, allowing a parameterized determination of polystyrene and toluene Soret coefficients in the ternary mixture. We suggest that a two wavelength shadowgraph experiment is needed for a complete determination of all the coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Bataller
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, TOTAL, LFCR-IPRA, UMR5150, 1 Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France.
| | - Thomas Triller
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bastian Pur
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Werner Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | | | - Fabrizio Croccolo
- Univ Pau & Pays Adour, CNRS, TOTAL, LFCR-IPRA, UMR5150, 1 Allée du Parc Montaury, 64600, Anglet, France
- Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES), 2, Place Maurice Quentin, 75001, Paris, France
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Mialdun A, Shevtsova V. Analysis of multi-wavelength measurements of diffusive properties via dispersion dependence of optical properties. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:572-581. [PMID: 28157913 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.000572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We suggest a novel approach to analyze the diffusive properties of mixtures using their optical dispersion relations. Two diagnostics are required to determine the thermodiffusion coefficients in a ternary mixture, e.g., two different wavelengths. The literature results on thermodiffusion experiments indicate that the choice of a pair of wavelengths affects the result of the sought-after thermodiffusion (Soret) coefficients somewhat, because the numerical values of the refractive index variation with the concentration (optical contrast factor ∂n/∂C) depend on the wavelength. The present study offers three main contributions. First, we show that the available measurements for the optical contrast factors and component separation caused by the Soret effect for the mixture tetralin-isobutylbenzene-n-dodecane can be described by the same type of Cauchy dispersion relation as the refractive index n=f(λ). Then, we discuss an algorithm for eliminating the two types of systematic errors from the reported measurements of contrast factors in order to elaborate new synthetic dispersion curves of the Cauchy type. Lastly, we create a general dispersion curve for the stationary component separation which merges the results obtained at different pairs of wavelengths and provides consistent Soret coefficients.
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Guevara-Carrion G, Gaponenko Y, Janzen T, Vrabec J, Shevtsova V. Diffusion in Multicomponent Liquids: From Microscopic to Macroscopic Scales. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:12193-12210. [PMID: 27933944 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b09810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In spite of considerable research on the nature of aqueous alcohol mixtures that are characterized by microscopic inhomogeneity or incomplete mixing at the molecular level, transport properties have received little attention. We report the results of a study on diffusion in the ternary mixture of water with two alcohols, that is, water + methanol + ethanol, which is investigated on microscopic and macroscopic scales by means of molecular simulation and Taylor dispersion experiments. A novel protocol is developed for the comparison of mutual diffusion coefficients sampled by two fundamentally different approaches, which allows for their critical analysis. Because of complex intermolecular interactions, given by the presence of hydrogen bonding, the analysis of transport processes in this mixture is challenging for not only on the microscopic scale for simulation techniques but also on the macroscopic scale due to unfavorable optical properties. Binary limits of the Fick diffusion matrix are used for validation of the experimental ternary mixture results together with the verification of the validity of the phenomenological Onsager reciprocal relations. The Maxwell-Stefan diffusion coefficients and the thermodynamic factor are sampled by molecular simulation consistently on the basis of given force field models. The protocol for the comparison of the results from both approaches is also challenging because Fick diffusion coefficients of ternary mixtures depend on the frame of reference. Accordingly, the measured coefficients are transformed from the volume-averaged to the molar-averaged frame of reference, and it is demonstrated that both approaches provide not only similar qualitative behavior along two concentration paths but also strong quantitative agreement. This coordinated work using different approaches to study diffusion in multicomponent mixtures is expected to be a significant step forward for the accurate assessment of cross-diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guevara-Carrion
- Thermodynamics and Energy Technology, University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - Y Gaponenko
- Microgravity Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - T Janzen
- Thermodynamics and Energy Technology, University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - J Vrabec
- Thermodynamics and Energy Technology, University of Paderborn , 33098 Paderborn, Germany
| | - V Shevtsova
- Microgravity Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB) , CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Sechenyh V, Legros J, Mialdun A, Ortiz de Zárate JM, Shevtsova V. Fickian Diffusion in Ternary Mixtures Composed by 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydronaphthalene, Isobutylbenzene, and n-Dodecane. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:535-48. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b11143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Sechenyh
- Laboratoire
de Physique, École Normale Supérieure, 46 Allé d’Italie, 69364 Lyon France
| | - J.C. Legros
- Microgravity
Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B−1050 Brussels, Belgium
- National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Lenin Avenue, 30, 634050, Tomsk, Russia
| | - A. Mialdun
- Microgravity
Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B−1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J. M. Ortiz de Zárate
- Departamento
de Física Aplicada I, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Avda. de Séneca, 2 Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - V. Shevtsova
- Microgravity
Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), CP-165/62, Av. F.D. Roosevelt, 50, B−1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Gebhardt M, Köhler W. Soret, thermodiffusion, and mean diffusion coefficients of the ternary mixture n-dodecane+isobutylbenzene+1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:164511. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4934718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Gebhardt
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - W. Köhler
- Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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