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Izvekov S, Kroonblawd MP, Larentzos JP, Brennan JK, Rice BM. Maximum Entropy Theory of Multiscale Coarse-Graining via Matching Thermodynamic Forces: Application to a Molecular Crystal (TATB). J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38489758 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
The MSCG/FM (multiscale coarse-graining via force-matching) approach is an efficient supervised machine learning method to develop microscopically informed coarse-grained (CG) models. We present a theory based on the principle of maximum entropy (PME) enveloping the existing MSCG/FM approaches. This theory views the MSCG/FM method as a special case of matching the thermodynamic forces from the extended ensemble described by the set of thermodynamic (relevant) system coordinates. This set may include CG coordinates, the stress tensor, applied external fields, and so forth, and may be characterized by nonequilibrium conditions. Following the presentation of the theory, we discuss the consistent matching of both bonded and nonbonded interactions. The proposed PME formulation is used as a starting point to extend the MSCG/FM method to the constant strain ensemble, which together with the explicit matching of the bonded forces is better suited for coarse-graining anisotropic media at a submolecular resolution. The theory is demonstrated by performing the fine coarse-graining of crystalline 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB), a well-known insensitive molecular energetic material, which exhibits highly anisotropic mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergei Izvekov
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Matthew P Kroonblawd
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - James P Larentzos
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - John K Brennan
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
| | - Betsy M Rice
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland 21005, United States
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2
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Li C, Hamilton BW, Shen T, Alzate L, Strachan A. Systematic Builder for All‐Atom Simulations of Plastically Bonded Explosives. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Li
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana, 47907 USA
| | - Brenden W Hamilton
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana, 47907 USA
| | - Tongtong Shen
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana, 47907 USA
| | - Lorena Alzate
- Computational Science and Engineering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37830 USA
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana, 47907 USA
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3
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Tow GM, Larentzos JP, Sellers MS, Lísal M, Brennan JK. Predicting Melt Curves of Energetic Materials Using Molecular Models. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Garrett M. Tow
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005 USA
| | - James P. Larentzos
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005 USA
| | | | - Martin Lísal
- Department of Molecular and Mesoscopic Modelling The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals Prague 165 01 Czech Republic
- Department of Physics Faculty of Science Jan Evangelista Purkyně University in Ústí nad Labem Ústí n. Lab. 400 96 Czech Republic
| | - John K. Brennan
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground Maryland 21005 USA
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4
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Kroonblawd MP, Springer HK. Predicted Melt Curve and Liquid Shear Viscosity of RDX up to 30 GPa. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.202100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Kroonblawd
- Energetic Materials Center Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 700 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USA
| | - H. Keo Springer
- Energetic Materials Center Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 700 East Avenue Livermore CA 94550 USA
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Hamilton BW, Kroonblawd MP, Li C, Strachan A. A Hotspot's Better Half: Non-Equilibrium Intra-Molecular Strain in Shock Physics. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2756-2762. [PMID: 33705143 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Shockwave interactions with a material's microstructure localizes energy into hotspots, which act as nucleation sites for complex processes such as phase transformations and chemical reactions. To date, hotspots have been described via their temperature fields. Nonreactive, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations of shock-induced pore collapse in a molecular crystal show that more energy is localized as potential energy (PE) than can be inferred from the temperature field and that PE localization persists beyond thermal diffusion. The origin of the PE hotspot is traced to large intramolecular strains, storing energy in modes readily available for chemical decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenden W Hamilton
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Matthew P Kroonblawd
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Chunyu Li
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
| | - Alejandro Strachan
- School of Materials Engineering and Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907 United States
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6
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Ren FD, Shi WJ, Cao DL, Li YX, Liu LL, Gao L. A theoretical investigation into the cooperativity effect on the TNT melting point under external electric field. J Mol Model 2021; 27:4. [PMID: 33387061 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
External electric field has been regarded as an effective tool to induce the variation of melting points of molecular crystals. The melting point of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) was calculated by molecular dynamics simulations under external electric field, and the electric field effects on the cooperativity effects of the ternary (TNT)3 were investigated at the M06-2X/6-311+G(d) and ωB97X-D/6-311++G(2d,p) levels. The results show that the melting points are decreased while the intermolecular interactions are strengthened under the external electric fields, suggesting that the intermolecular interactions cannot be used to explain the decreased melting points. A deduction based on the cooperativity effect is put forward: the enhanced cooperativity effects create the more serious defects in the melting process of the molecular crystal under the external electric fields, and simultaneously the local order parameters are decreased, leading to the decreased melting point. Thus, the cooperativity effect stemmed from the intermolecular C-H∙∙∙O H-bonding interactions controls the change of TNT melting point under the external electric field. Employing the information-theoretic approach (ITA), the origin of the cooperativity effects on the melting points of molecular crystal is revealed. This study opens a new way to challenge the problems involving the melting points for the molecular crystal under the external electric fields. However, note that above deduction needs to be improved; after all, the simple (TNT)3 model cannot replace the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-de Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China.
| | - Wen-Jing Shi
- The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030053, China
| | - Duan-Lin Cao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Lin-Lin Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, China
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7
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Steele BA, Stavrou E, Prakapenka VB, Kroonblawd MP, Kuo IFW. High-Pressure Equation of State of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene: Insights into the Monoclinic Phase Transition, Hydrogen Bonding, and Anharmonicity. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:10580-10591. [PMID: 33267581 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c09463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The high-pressure equation of state (EOS) of energetic materials (EMs) is important for continuum and mesoscale models of detonation performance and initiation safety. Obtaining a high-fidelity EOS of the insensitive EM 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) has proven to be difficult because of challenges in experimental characterization at high pressures (HPs). In this work, powder X-ray diffraction patterns were fitted using the recently discovered monoclinic I2/a phase above 4 GPa, which shows that TATB is less compressible than when indexed with the triclinic P1̅ phase. First-principles calculations were performed with Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (PBE) and PBE0 functionals including thermal effects using the P1̅ phase. PBE0 improves the description of hydrogen bonding and thus predicts accurate planar a and b lattice parameters under ambient conditions. However, discrepancies in the predicted lattice parameters above 4-10 GPa compared with experimental measurements indexed with P1̅ are further evidence of a structural modification at high pressure. Layer sliding defects are formed during molecular dynamics simulations, which induces an anharmonic effect on the thermal expansion of the c lattice parameter. In short, the results provide several insights into determining high-fidelity EOS parameters for TATB and other molecular crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad A Steele
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Elissaios Stavrou
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States.,Guangdong Technion Israel Institute of Technology, 241 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515603, P. R. China
| | - Vitali B Prakapenka
- Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Matthew P Kroonblawd
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - I-Feng W Kuo
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94550, United States
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Kroonblawd MP, Fried LE. High Explosive Ignition through Chemically Activated Nanoscale Shear Bands. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:206002. [PMID: 32501094 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.206002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Shock initiation and detonation of high explosives is considered to be controlled through hot spots, which are local regions of elevated temperature that accelerate chemical reactions. Using classical molecular dynamics, we predict the formation of nanoscale shear bands through plastic failure in shocked 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene high explosive crystal. By scale bridging with quantum-based molecular dynamics, we show that shear bands exhibit lower reaction barriers. While shear bands quickly cool, they remain chemically activated and support increased reaction rates without the local heating typically evoked by the hot spot paradigm. We describe this phenomenon as chemical activation through shear banding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P Kroonblawd
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - Laurence E Fried
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA
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Zhao P, Lee S, Sewell T, Udaykumar HS. Tandem Molecular Dynamics and Continuum Studies of Shock‐Induced Pore Collapse in TATB. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201900382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Puhan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211–7600
| | - Sangyup Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242
| | - Tommy Sewell
- Department of Chemistry University of Missouri-Columbia Columbia MO 65211–7600
| | - H. S. Udaykumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Iowa Iowa City IA 52242
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10
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Wang X, Zeng Q, Li J, Yang M. First-Principles-Based Force Field for 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105). ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:21054-21062. [PMID: 31867497 PMCID: PMC6921264 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine-1-oxide (LLM-105) is a highly promising energetic material (EM) with high safety. Understanding its microscopic response mechanisms within the external stimulus is meaningful for the design of EMs. In order to comprehend the complicated phenomena, it is necessary to employ molecular simulation methods to investigate the response mechanisms with the force field (FF) at an atomic level. In this work, we developed a tailored FF for LLM-105 based on first-principles calculations. The validity of the FF was evaluated by molecular dynamics simulations. The structural parameters of LLM-105 predicted by FF are in good agreement with the experimental values, such as lattice constant, bond length, bond angle, dihedral angle and center of mass, and so forth. Moreover, the FF possesses good performance to describe the structural response on pressure accurately. In general, our work not only builds a balanced FF in gas and condensed phases, but also provides a useful tool to study the properties about LLM-105 at a large scale, which is helpful to improve the understanding about the balance between energy and safety in EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qun Zeng
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Jinshan Li
- Institute
of Chemical Materials, China Academy of
Engineering Physics (CAEP), Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Mingli Yang
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Sichuan
University, Chengdu 610065, China
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11
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Mathew N, Kroonblawd MP, Sewell T, Thompson DL. Predicted melt curve and liquid-state transport properties of TATB from molecular dynamics simulations. MOLECULAR SIMULATION 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/08927022.2017.1418084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nithin Mathew
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
- T-1/CNLS, Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, USA
| | - Matthew P. Kroonblawd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Tommy Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Donald L. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kroonblawd MP, Sewell TD, Maillet JB. Characteristics of energy exchange between inter- and intramolecular degrees of freedom in crystalline 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) with implications for coarse-grained simulations of shock waves in polyatomic molecular crystals. J Chem Phys 2016; 144:064501. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4941332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Kroonblawd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, USA
| | - Thomas D. Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, Missouri 65211-7600, USA
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Kroonblawd MP, Sewell TD. Predicted Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity for Crystalline 1,3,5‐Triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitobenzene (TATB): Temperature and Pressure Dependence and Sensitivity to Intramolecular Force Field Terms. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.201500247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Kroonblawd
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211–7600, USA
| | - Thomas D. Sewell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri – Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211–7600, USA
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