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Cai Y, Li Z, Sun C, Zhao X, Wu S, Huang G, Tang S, Dai P, Wei X, You H. A centrifugal-driven spiral microchannel microfiltration chip for emulsion and deformable particle sorting. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:3738-3751. [PMID: 38978468 DOI: 10.1039/d4lc00260a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Droplet sorting and enrichment, as a prominent field within microfluidic technology, represent a pivotal stage in the manipulation of droplets and particles. In recent times, droplet sorting methods based on lab-on-disk (LOD) have garnered significant interest among researchers for their inherent merits, including high throughput, ease of operation, seamless device integration, and independence from supplementary driving forces. This study introduces a centrifugal force-driven microfluidic chip comprising spiral microchannels. The chip incorporates microhole arrays along the sidewall of the spiral channels, enabling size-based sorting and enrichment of microdroplets under the influence of multiple forces. Firstly, a comparative analysis was performed to assess the influence of the separation port structure and rotational speed on efficiency, and a mechanical modeling approach was employed to conduct kinetic analyses of droplet behavior during instantaneous separation. Those findings demonstrated a good agreement with the experimental results at ω < 100 rpm. Subsequently, sorting experiments on homogeneous droplets indicated that repetitive sorting could increase the recovery ratios, RT(α), of high-concentration droplets (20.7%) from 35.3% to over 80%. We also conducted a sorting experiment on three-component homogeneous-phase emulsions using a serially connected chip array, and the sorting throughput was 0.58 mL min-1. As a result, the RT(α) for 60 and 160 μm droplets were 99.4% and 88.9%, respectively. Lastly, we conducted elution experiments and dual-sample sorting on a single chip, and the fluorescence results demonstrated that this study provided an efficient and non-cross-contaminating sorting method for non-homogenous phase multi-sample microreactor units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongchao Cai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zekun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Cuimin Sun
- School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xuan Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Shixiong Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guangyong Huang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi, China
| | - Shengchang Tang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Peng Dai
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Xiangfu Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Hui You
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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Kordzadeh-Kermani V, Ashrafizadeh SN, Madadelahi M. Dielectrophoretic separation/classification/focusing of microparticles using electrified lab-on-a-disc platforms. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1310:342719. [PMID: 38811136 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Separation, classification, and focusing of microparticles are essential issues in microfluidic devices that can be implemented in two categories: using labeling and label-free methods. Label-free methods differentiate microparticles based on their inherent properties, including size, density, shape, electrical conductivity/permittivity, and magnetic susceptibility. Dielectrophoresis is an advantageous label-free technique for this objective. Besides, centrifugal microfluidic devices exploit centrifugal forces to move liquid and particles. The simultaneous combination of dielectrophoretic and centrifugal forces exerted on microparticles still needs to be scrutinized more to predict their trajectories in such devices. RESULTS An integrated system utilizing two categories in microfluidics is proposed: dielectrophoretic manipulation of microparticles and centrifugal-driven microfluidics, followed by a numerical analysis. In this regard, we assumed a rectangular microchannel with internal unilateral planar electrodes equipped with three equal-sized outlets placed radially on a centrifugal platform where microparticles flow toward the disc's outer edge. The effect of different coordinate-based parameters, including radial and lateral distances (X and Y offsets)/tilting angles toward the radius direction (α), on the particles' movement was investigated. Additionally, the effect of operational parameters, including applied voltage, the microchannel width, the number of enabled electrodes, the diameter of particles, and the configuration of electrodes, were analyzed, and the distributions of particles toward the outlets were monitored. It was found that enhanced particle focusing becomes possible at lower rotation speeds and higher electric field values. Furthermore, the proposed centrifugal-DEP system's efficiency for classifying red blood cells/platelets and Live/Dead yeast cells systems was evaluated. SIGNIFICANCE Our integrated system is introduced as a novel method for focusing and classifying various microparticles with no need for sheath flows, having the ability to conduct particles at desired routes and focusing width. Furthermore, the system effectively separates various bioparticles and offers ease of operation and high-efficiency throughput over conventional dielectrophoretic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Kordzadeh-Kermani
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran
| | - Seyed Nezameddin Ashrafizadeh
- Research Lab for Advanced Separation Processes, Department of Chemical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Narmak, Tehran, 16846-13114, Iran.
| | - Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, 64849, NL, Mexico.
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Nie C, Shaw I, Chen C. Application of microfluidic technology based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering in cancer biomarker detection: A review. J Pharm Anal 2023; 13:1429-1451. [PMID: 38223444 PMCID: PMC10785256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous discovery and research of predictive cancer-related biomarkers, liquid biopsy shows great potential in cancer diagnosis. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and microfluidic technology have received much attention among the various cancer biomarker detection methods. The former has ultrahigh detection sensitivity and can provide a unique fingerprint. In contrast, the latter has the characteristics of miniaturization and integration, which can realize accurate control of the detection samples and high-throughput detection through design. Both have the potential for point-of-care testing (POCT), and their combination (lab-on-a-chip SERS (LoC-SERS)) shows good compatibility. In this paper, the basic situation of circulating proteins, circulating tumor cells, exosomes, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), and microRNA (miRNA) in the diagnosis of various cancers is reviewed, and the detection research of these biomarkers by the LoC-SERS platform in recent years is described in detail. At the same time, the challenges and future development of the platform are discussed at the end of the review. Summarizing the current technology is expected to provide a reference for scholars engaged in related work and interested in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhong Nie
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Ibrahim Shaw
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chuanpin Chen
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
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Barbosa AI, Edwards AD, Reis NM. Antibody Surface Coverage Drives Matrix Interference in Microfluidic Capillary Immunoassays. ACS Sens 2021; 6:2682-2690. [PMID: 34138534 PMCID: PMC8741144 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.1c00704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The performance of biosensors is often optimized in buffers, which brings inconsistencies during applications with biological samples. Current strategies for minimizing sample (matrix) interference are complex to automate and miniaturize, involving, e.g., sample dilution or recovery of serum/plasma. This study shows the first systematic analysis using hundreds of actual microfluidic immunoassay fluoropolymer strips to understand matrix interference in microflow systems. As many interfering factors are assay-specific, we have explored matrix interference for a range of enzymatic immunoassays, including a direct mIgG/anti-mIgG, a sandwich cancer biomarker PSA, and a sandwich inflammatory cytokine IL-1β. Serum matrix interference was significantly affected by capillary antibody surface coverage, suggesting for the first time that the main cause of the serum matrix effect is low-affinity serum components (e.g., autoantibodies) competing with high-affinity antigens for the immobilized antibody. Additional experiments carried out with different capillary diameters confirmed the importance of antibody surface coverage in managing matrix interference. Building on these findings, we propose a novel analytical approach where antibody surface coverage and sample incubation times are key for eliminating and/or minimizing serum matrix interference, consisting in bioassay optimization carried out in serum instead of buffer, without compromising the performance of the bioassay or adding extra cost or steps. This will help establishing a new route toward faster development of modern point-of-care tests and effective biosensor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I. Barbosa
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
- Capillary
Film Technology Ltd, Daux Road, Billingshurst RH14 9SJ, West Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander D. Edwards
- Capillary
Film Technology Ltd, Daux Road, Billingshurst RH14 9SJ, West Sussex, United Kingdom
- Reading
School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AD, United
Kingdom
| | - Nuno M. Reis
- Capillary
Film Technology Ltd, Daux Road, Billingshurst RH14 9SJ, West Sussex, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Biosensors, Bioelectronics
and Biodevices (C3Bio), University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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Madadelahi M, Acosta-Soto LF, Hosseini S, Martinez-Chapa SO, Madou MJ. Mathematical modeling and computational analysis of centrifugal microfluidic platforms: a review. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:1318-1357. [PMID: 32242566 DOI: 10.1039/c9lc00775j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Centrifugal microfluidic platforms or lab-on-discs (LODs) have evolved into a popular technology for automating chemical and biological assays. LODs today enable scientists to implement and integrate different operational units, including fluid mixing, droplet generation, cell-sorting, gene amplification, analyte detection, and so forth. For an efficient design and cost-effective implementation of any microfluidic device, including LODs, theoretical analysis and considerations should play a more important role than they currently do. The theoretical analysis we will show is especially essential to the investigation of detailed phenomena at the small length scales and high-speed typical for LODs where a wide range of forces may be involved. Previous LOD review papers presented mostly experimental results with theory as an afterthought. Hence, a review paper focused on the theoretical aspects, and associated computational studies of LOD devices is an urgent need. In the present review paper, all previous computational studies on LOD devices are categorized as single-phase flows, two-phase flows, network simulation, and solids. For each of these categories, the governing equations and important formulas are presented and explained. Moreover, a handy scaling analysis is introduced to aid scientists when comparing different competing forces in LOD devices. We hope that by surveying and contrasting various theoretical LOD studies, we shed some light on existing controversies and reveal where additional theoretical work is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Madadelahi
- School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Ave. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, Monterrey 64849, NL, Mexico.
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Yeo JC, Kenry, Zhao Z, Zhang P, Wang Z, Lim CT. Label-free extraction of extracellular vesicles using centrifugal microfluidics. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:024103. [PMID: 30867854 PMCID: PMC6404916 DOI: 10.1063/1.5019983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role as active messengers in intercellular communication and distant microenvironment modeling. Increasingly, these EVs are recognized as important biomarkers for clinical diagnostics. However, current isolation methods of EVs are time-consuming and ineffective due to the high diffusive characteristics of nanoparticles coupled with fluid flow instability. Here, we develop a microfluidic CEntrifugal Nanoparticles Separation and Extraction (µCENSE) platform for the rapid and label-free isolation of microvesicles. By utilizing centrifugal microhydrodynamics, we subject the nanosuspensions between 100 nm and 1000 nm to a unique fluid flow resulting in a zonal separation into different outlets for easy post-processing. Our centrifugal platform utilizes a gentle and efficient size-based separation without the requirements of syringe pump and other accessories. Based on our results, we report a high separation efficiency of 90% and an extraction purity of 85% within a single platform. Importantly, we demonstrate high EV extraction using a table top centrifuge within a short duration of eight minutes. The simple processes and the small volume requirement further enhance the utility of the platform. With this platform, it serves as a potential for liquid biopsy extraction and point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Zhihai Zhao
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117583
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, A*STAR, Singapore 138634
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Sibbitts J, Sellens KA, Jia S, Klasner SA, Culbertson CT. Cellular Analysis Using Microfluidics. Anal Chem 2017; 90:65-85. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay Sibbitts
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kathleen A. Sellens
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Shu Jia
- Department
of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Scott A. Klasner
- 12966
South
State Highway 94, Marthasville, Missouri 63357, United States
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Syn NL, Wang L, Chow EKH, Lim CT, Goh BC. Exosomes in Cancer Nanomedicine and Immunotherapy: Prospects and Challenges. Trends Biotechnol 2017; 35:665-676. [PMID: 28365132 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 288] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes (versatile, cell-derived nanovesicles naturally endowed with exquisite target-homing specificity and the ability to surmount in vivo biological barriers) hold substantial promise for developing exciting approaches in drug delivery and cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, bioengineered exosomes are being successfully deployed to deliver potent tumoricidal drugs (siRNAs and chemotherapeutic compounds) preferentially to cancer cells, while a new generation of exosome-based therapeutic cancer vaccines has produced enticing results in early-phase clinical trials. Here, we review the state-of-the-art technologies and protocols, and discuss the prospects and challenges for the clinical development of this emerging class of therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas L Syn
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore.
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Chwee Teck Lim
- BioSystems and Micromechanics (BioSyM) IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre, Singapore; Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Boon-Cher Goh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Hematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore; Developmental Therapeutics Unit, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
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