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Xie BB, Jia PK, Wang KX, Chen WK, Liu XY, Cui G. Generalized Ab Initio Nonadiabatic Dynamics Simulation Methods from Molecular to Extended Systems. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:1789-1804. [PMID: 35266391 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c10195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nonadiabatic dynamics simulation has become a powerful tool to describe nonadiabatic effects involved in photophysical processes and photochemical reactions. In the past decade, our group has developed generalized trajectory-based ab initio surface-hopping (GTSH) dynamics simulation methods, which can be used to describe a series of nonadiabatic processes, such as internal conversion, intersystem crossing, excitation energy transfer and charge transfer of molecular systems, and photoinduced nonadiabatic carrier dynamics of extended systems with and without spin-orbit couplings. In this contribution, we will first give a brief introduction to our recently developed methods and related numerical implementations at different computational levels. Later, we will present some of our latest applications in realistic systems, which cover organic molecules, biological proteins, organometallic compounds, periodic organic and inorganic materials, etc. Final discussion is given to challenges and outlooks of ab initio nonadiabatic dynamics simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Pei-Ke Jia
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Ke-Xin Wang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Kai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610068, Sichuan, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
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Xie BB, Tang XF, Liu XY, Chang XP, Cui G. Mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry of unnatural bases and sunscreen molecules: insights from electronic structure calculations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:27124-27149. [PMID: 34849517 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp03994f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photophysics and photochemistry are basic subjects in the study of light-matter interactions and are ubiquitous in diverse fields such as biology, energy, materials, and environment. A full understanding of mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry underpins many recent advances and applications. This contribution first provides a short discussion on the theoretical calculation methods we have used in relevant studies, then we introduce our latest progress on the mechanistic photophysics and photochemistry of two classes of molecular systems, namely unnatural bases and sunscreens. For unnatural bases, we disclose the intrinsic driving forces for the ultrafast population to reactive triplet states, impacts of the position and degree of chalcogen substitutions, and the effects of complex environments. For sunscreen molecules, we reveal the photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess photon energy to the surroundings by ultrafast internal conversion to the ground state. Finally, relevant theoretical challenges and outlooks are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Xiu-Fang Tang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies, Zhejiang Normal University, 1108 Gengwen Road, Hangzhou 311231, Zhejiang, P. R. China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610068, China
| | - Xue-Ping Chang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, P. R. China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China.
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Liu XY, Fang YG, Xie BB, Fang WH, Cui G. QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulations on photoinduced Wolff rearrangements of 1,2,3-thiadiazole. J Chem Phys 2018; 146:224302. [PMID: 29166059 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The photoinduced rearrangement reaction mechanism of 1,2,3-thiadiazole remains experimentally elusive. Two possible mechanisms have been proposed to date. The first is a stepwise mechanism via a thiocarbene intermediate; the second is an excited-state concerted rearrangement mechanism. Herein we have adopted both the electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations to study the photoinduced rearrangement reactions of 1,2,3-thiadiazole in the S2, S1, and S0 states in solution. On the basis of QM(CASPT2)/MM [quantum mechanics(complete active space self-consistent field second-order perturbation theory)/molecular mechanics] calculations, we have found that (1) the thiocarbene intermediate is not stable; thus, the stepwise mechanism should be unfavorable; (2) the excited-state decay from the S2 via S1 to S0 state is ultrafast and completed within ca. 200 fs; therefore, both the S2 and S1 states should not have a long enough time for the excited-state rearrangements. Instead, we have computationally proposed a modified photoinduced rearrangement mechanism. Upon irradiation, the S2 state is first populated (114.0 kcal/mol), followed by an ultrafast S2 → S1 → S0 excited-state decay along the S-N bond fission, which eventually leads to a very "hot" intermediate with the S-N bond broken (18.3 kcal/mol). Then, thermal rearrangements to thioketene, thiirene, and ethynethiol occur in a concerted asynchronous way. This mechanistic scenario has been verified by full-dimensional trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics simulations at the QM(CASPT2)/MM level. Finally, our present computational work provides experimentally interesting mechanistic insights into the photoinduced rearrangement reactions of cyclic and acyclic diazo compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ye-Guang Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Che M, Gao YJ, Zhang Y, Xia SH, Cui G. Electronic structure calculations and nonadiabatic dynamics simulations of excited-state relaxation of Pigment Yellow 101. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:6524-6532. [PMID: 29446425 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp07692d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Pigment Yellow 101 (PY101) is widely used as a typical pigment due to its excellent excited-state properties. However, the origin of its photostability is still elusive. In this work, we have systematically investigated the photodynamics of PY101 by performing combined electronic structure calculations and trajectory-based nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. On the basis of the results, we have found that upon photoexcitation to the S1 state, PY101 undergoes an essentially barrierless excited-state intramolecular single proton transfer generating an S1 keto species. In the keto region, there is an energetically accessible S1/S0 conical intersection that funnels the system to the S0 state quickly. In the S0 state, the keto species either goes back to its trans-enol species through a ground-state reverse hydrogen transfer or arrives at the cis-keto region. In addition, we have found an additional excited-state decay channel for the S1 enol species, which is directly linked to an S1/S0 conical intersection located in the enol region. This mechanism has also been confirmed by our dynamics simulations, in which about 54% of the trajectories decay to the S0 state via the enol S1/S0 conical intersection; while the remaining ones employ the keto S1/S0 conical intersection. The gained mechanistic information helps us understand the photostability of the PY101 chromophore and its variants with the same molecular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Che
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
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Xie BB, Cui CX, Fang WH, Cui G. Photoinduced Curtius rearrangements of fluorocarbonyl azide, FC(O)N 3: a QM/MM nonadiabatic dynamics simulation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19363-19372. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02651c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Upon either photolysis or pyrolysis, carbonyl azide can eliminate molecular nitrogen along with the formation of isocyanate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Hangzhou 311231
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
| | - Cheng-Xing Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology
- Xinxiang 453003
- P. R. China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced Studies
- Zhejiang Normal University
- Hangzhou 311231
- P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
- P. R. China
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Chang XP, Xiao P, Han J, Fang WH, Cui G. A theoretical study of the light-induced cross-linking reaction of 5-fluoro-4-thiouridine with thymine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:13524-13533. [PMID: 28498381 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01511a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to photophysics of thio-substituted nucleobases, their photoinduced cross-linking reactions with canonical nucleobases remain scarcely investigated computationally. In this work, we have adopted combined CASPT2/PCM//CASSCF and B3LYP-D3/PCM electronic structure methods to study this kind of photochemical reaction of 5-fluoro-4-thiouridine (truncated 5-fluoro-1-methyl-4-thiouracil used in calculations) and 1-methylthymine (referred to as thymine for clarity hereinafter). On the basis of CASPT2/PCM computed results, we have proposed two efficient excited-state relaxation pathways to populate the lowest T1 state of the complex of 5-fluoro-1-methyl-4-thiouracil and thymine from its initially populated S2(1ππ*) state. In the first one, the S2 system first hops to the S1 state via an S2/S1 conical intersection, followed by a direct S1 → T1 intersystem crossing process enhanced by large S1/T1 spin-orbit coupling. In the second path, the resultant S1 system first jumps to the T2 state, from which an efficient T2 → T1 internal conversion occurs. The T1 cross-linking reaction is overall divided into two phases. The first phase is a stepwise and nonadiabatic photocyclization reaction, which starts from the T1 complex and ends up with an S0 thietane intermediate. The second phase is a thermal reaction. The system first rearranges its four- and six-membered rings to form three new rings; then, an S0 fluorine atom transfer occurs, followed by the formation of photoproducts. Finally, the present work paves the way for studying light-induced cross-linking reactions of thionucleobases with canonical bases in DNA and RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ping Chang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
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Xiao P, Wang Q, Fang WH, Cui G. Quantum Chemical Investigation on Photochemical Reactions of Nonanoic Acids at Air-Water Interface. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:4253-4262. [PMID: 28513156 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Photoinduced chemical reactions of organic compounds at the marine boundary layer have recently attracted significant experimental attention because this kind of photoreactions has been proposed to have substantial impact on local new particle formation and their photoproducts could be a source of secondary organic aerosols. In this work, we have employed first-principles density functional theory method combined with cluster models to systematically explore photochemical reaction pathways of nonanoic acids (NAs) to form volatile saturated and unsaturated C9 and C8 aldehydes at air-water interfaces. On the basis of the results, we have found that the formation of C9 aldehydes is not initiated by intermolecular Norrish type II reaction between two NAs but by intramolecular T1 C-O bond fission of NA generating acyl and hydroxyl radicals. Subsequently, saturated C9 aldehydes are formed through hydrogenation reaction of acyl radical by another intact NA. Following two dehydrogenation reactions, unsaturated C9 aldehydes are generated. In parallel, the pathway to C8 aldehydes is initiated by T1 C-C bond fission of NA, which generates octyl and carboxyl radicals; then, an octanol is formed through recombination reaction of octyl with hydroxyl radical. In the following, two dehydrogenation reactions result into an enol intermediate from which saturated C8 aldehydes are produced via NA-assisted intermolecular hydrogen transfer. Finally, two dehydrogenation reactions generate unsaturated C8 aldehydes. In these reactions, water and NA molecules are found to play important roles. They significantly reduce relevant reaction barriers. Our work has also explored oxygenation reactions of NA with molecular oxygen and radical-radical dimerization reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Hai Fang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875, China
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Li CX, Guo WW, Xie BB, Cui G. Photodynamics of oxybenzone sunscreen: Nonadiabatic dynamics simulations. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:074308. [PMID: 27544106 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we have used combined static electronic structure calculations and "on-the-fly" global-switching trajectory surface-hopping dynamics simulations to explore the photochemical mechanism of oxybenzone sunscreen. We have first employed the multi-configurational CASSCF method to optimize minima, conical intersections, and minimum-energy reaction paths related to excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and excited-state decays in the (1)ππ(∗), (1)nπ(∗), and S0 states (energies are refined at the higher MS-CASPT2 level). According to the mapped potential energy profiles, we have identified two ultrafast excited-state deactivation pathways for the initially populated (1)ππ(∗) system. The first is the diabatic ESIPT process along the (1)ππ(∗) potential energy profile. The generated (1)ππ(∗) keto species then decays to the S0 state via the keto (1)ππ(∗)/gs conical intersection. The second is internal conversion to the dark (1)nπ(∗) state near the (1)ππ(∗) /(1)nπ(∗) crossing point in the course of the diabatic (1)ππ(∗) ESIPT process. Our following dynamics simulations have shown that the ESIPT and (1)ππ(∗) → S0 internal conversion times are 104 and 286 fs, respectively. Finally, our present work demonstrates that in addition to the ESIPT process and the (1)ππ(∗) → S0 internal conversion in the keto region, the (1)ππ(∗) → (1)nπ(∗) internal conversion in the enol region plays as well an important role for the excited-state relaxation dynamics of oxybenzone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Wei-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Bin-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Xie BB, Wang Q, Guo WW, Cui G. The excited-state decay mechanism of 2,4-dithiothymine in the gas phase, microsolvated surroundings, and aqueous solution. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:7689-7698. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp00478h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
We have employed computational methods to systematically explore the excited-state decay mechanism of 2,4-dithiothymine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Bin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Wei-Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
| | - Ganglong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Beijing Normal University
- Beijing 100875
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Xu C, Yu L, Zhu C, Yu J, Cao Z. Intersystem crossing-branched excited-state intramolecular proton transfer for o-nitrophenol: An ab initio on-the-fly nonadiabatic molecular dynamic simulation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26768. [PMID: 27221650 PMCID: PMC4879701 DOI: 10.1038/srep26768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6SA-CASSCF(10, 10)/6-31G (d, p) quantum chemistry method has been applied to perform on-the-fly trajectory surface hopping simulation with global switching algorithm and to explore excited-state intramolecular proton transfer reactions for the o-nitrophenol molecule within low-lying electronic singlet states (S0 and S1) and triplet states (T1 and T2). The decisive photoisomerization mechanisms of o-nitrophenol upon S1 excitation are found by three intersystem crossings and one conical intersection between two triplet states, in which T1 state plays an essential role. The present simulation shows branch ratios and timescales of three key processes via T1 state, non-hydrogen transfer with ratio 48% and timescale 300 fs, the tunneling hydrogen transfer with ratios 36% and timescale 10 ps, and the direct hydrogen transfer with ratios 13% and timescale 40 fs. The present simulated timescales might be close to low limit of the recent experiment results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Le Yu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, The College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Shaanxi key Laboratory of Physico-Inorganic Chemistry, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyuan Zhu
- Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Applied Chemistry and Center for Interdisciplinary Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
| | - Jianguo Yu
- College of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
| | - Zexing Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and Fujian Provincial Key Lab of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, P. R. China
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