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Heat loads on the accelerator grids of the ITER HNB prototype. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2023.113621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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2
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Theoretical calculation of cesium deposition and co-deposition with electronegative elements on the plasma grid in negative ion sources. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Sartori E, Brombin M, Laterza B, Zuin M, Cavazzana R, Cervaro V, Degli Agostini F, Fadone M, Fasolo D, Grando L, Jain P, Kisaki M, Maistrello A, Moro G, Pimazzoni A, Poggi C, Segalini B, Shepherd A, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Tollin M, Ugoletti M, Veltri P, Zamengo A, Serianni G. Development of a set of movable electrostatic probes to characterize the plasma in the ITER neutral beam negative-ion source prototype. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Conceptual design of a beam source for negative neutral beam injector of CRAFT facility. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The large (size: 1 m × 2 m) radio frequency (RF) driven negative ion sources for the neutral beam heating (NBI) systems of the future fusion experiment ITER will be operated at a low filling pressure of 0.3 Pa, in hydrogen or in deuterium. The plasma will be generated by inductively coupling an RF power of up to 800 kW into the source volume. Under consideration for future neutral beam heating systems, like the one for the demonstration reactor DEMO, is an even lower filling pressure of 0.2 Pa. Together with the effect of neutral gas depletion, such low operational pressures can result in a neutral gas density below the limit required for sustaining the plasma. Systematic investigations on the low-pressure operational limit of the half-ITER-size negative ion source of the ELISE (Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment) test facility were performed, demonstrating that operation is possible below 0.2 Pa. A strong correlation of the lower pressure limit on the magnetic filter field topology is found. Depending on the field topology, operation close to the low-pressure limit is accompanied by strong plasma oscillations in the kHz range.
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Nocentini R, Bonomo F, Heinemann B, Hurlbatt A, Mario I. Long-pulse diagnostic calorimeter for the negative ion source testbed BATMAN upgrade. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:023504. [PMID: 33648068 DOI: 10.1063/5.0022465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The RF-driven negative ion source testbed BATMAN upgrade is being developed at IPP Garching in the framework of the ion source development for ITER and DEMO neutral beam injection systems. The testbed has recently been enhanced to allow for steady state operation with a focus on beam optics studies. The previous titanium sublimation pumps and inertial calorimeter limited the beam pulse length to about 6 s every 3 min. The upgrade comprises a long-pulse compatible, actively cooled diagnostic calorimeter. This has been designed and is currently being manufactured to substitute the inertially cooled calorimeter that has limited diagnostic capabilities. The new diagnostic calorimeter consists of a copper plate with dimensions of 910 × 660 × 25 mm3 placed about 2 m from the ion source extraction grids, and through a novel solution, it will provide a 2D profile of beam power density with a 20 mm spatial resolution. Water flowing through cooling channels embedded in the copper plate will actively cool the calorimeter, which is loaded with about 160 kW beam power at ITER-relevant current density, but 45 kV acceleration. A fraction of the beam will pass through many small apertures (ø2 mm) positioned in the calorimeter plate and will be collected by thin (0.2 mm) copper foils attached to the calorimeter back side. Evaluation of power density will be performed by measuring the temperature of the heat flux foils with a high-resolution infrared camera observing the calorimeter from the back side and calibrated by thermocouples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Nocentini
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Federica Bonomo
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Bernd Heinemann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Andrew Hurlbatt
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Isabella Mario
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Hu C, Wang Q, Wei J, Xie Y, Liang L, Xu Y, Gu Y, Jiang C. Optimization design of magnetic filter for the prototype RF negative ion source at ASIPP. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:115117. [PMID: 31779419 DOI: 10.1063/1.5128256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
For a prestudy of the key science and technology of the RF negative ion source for fusion application, a negative RF ion source test facility was developed at the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science (ASIPP). The magnetic filter field in front of the extraction system plays an important role in reducing the loss of negative hydrogen ions and inhibiting coextraction of electrons. The existing filter field of the prototype ion source is generated by permanent magnets arranged on both sides of the expansion chamber; the gradient and the uniformity of the field are poor, resulting in a large plasma distribution unevenness in the experiment. In order to reduce the B→×∇B drift and the beam deflection, the plasma nonuniformity, and the beam alignment, its gradient should be as low as possible, especially near the Plasma Grid (PG), while its strength should be as low as possible inside both the driver and the extraction region. Hence, the magnetic filter field generated by the permanent magnet and the PG current with return wires is proposed. A finite element analysis method is used to calculate the distribution of the magnetic field throughout the ion source, especially the filter profile along the centerline perpendicular to the PG and the section parallel to the PG. Several cases were compared and the final design provides a more uniform magnetic field in the region within 70 mm above the plasma grid, while the field strength is around 5 mT and the integral BdL quantity is greater than 1.2 mTm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chundong Hu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianglong Wei
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahong Xie
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Lizhen Liang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuming Gu
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
| | - Caichao Jiang
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Hefei 230031, People's Republic of China
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Serianni G, Toigo V, Bigi M, Boldrin M, Chitarin G, Dal Bello S, Grando L, Luchetta A, Marcuzzi D, Pasqualotto R, Pomaro N, Zaccaria P, Zanotto L, Agostinetti P, Agostini M, Antoni V, Aprile D, Barbisan M, Battistella M, Brombin M, Cavazzana R, Dalla Palma M, Dan M, De Lorenzi A, Delogu R, De Muri M, Denizeau S, Fadone M, Fellin F, Ferbel L, Ferro A, Gaio E, Gambetta G, Gasparini F, Gnesotto F, Jain P, Maistrello A, Manduchi G, Manfrin S, Marchiori G, Marconato N, Moresco M, Patton T, Pavei M, Peruzzo S, Pilan N, Pimazzoni A, Piovan R, Poggi C, Recchia M, Rizzolo A, Rostagni G, Sartori E, Siragusa M, Sonato P, Spada E, Spagnolo S, Spolaore M, Taliercio C, Tinti P, Ugoletti M, Valente M, Zamengo A, Zaniol B, Zaupa M, Baltador C, Cavenago M, Boilson D, Rotti C, Veltri P, Bonicelli T, Paolucci F, Muriel S, Masiello A, Chakraborty A, Patel H, Singh N, Fantz U, Heinemann B, Kraus W, Kashiwagi M, Tsumori K. SPIDER in the roadmap of the ITER neutral beams. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Nocentini R, Bonomo F, Fantz U, Fröschle M, Heinemann B, Mario I, Riedl R, Schiesko L. A new tungsten wire calorimeter for the negative ion source testbed BATMAN Upgrade. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Haba Y, Nagaoka K, Tsumori K, Kisaki M, Nakano H, Ikeda K, Fujiwara Y, Kamio S, Yoshimura S, Osakabe M. Development of a dual beamlet monitor system for negative ion beam measurements. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:123303. [PMID: 30599604 DOI: 10.1063/1.5056260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate negative ion beam properties, a dual beamlet monitor system has been developed. The dual beamlet monitor system has two diagnostics in one hexagonal box. One diagnostic is a "fast beamlet monitor" for measuring the time evolution of beamlet current profiles with the time resolution of up to 25 MHz. The other diagnostic is a "pepper-pot-type phase space analyzer," which is applied for the evaluation of a phase space structure of the negative ion beamlet. The dual beamlet monitor system is applied to the measurement of the beamlet in the Neutral Beam Test Stand at National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS-NBTS), in which the beam accelerator is almost identical to those of working beam injectors in the large helical device. It is demonstrated that the overlapping components from the neighboring beamlet can be eliminated, and the phase space structure can be obtained for the single beamlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Haba
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Nagaoka
- Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Tsumori
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Kisaki
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - H Nakano
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - K Ikeda
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Fujiwara
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Kamio
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - S Yoshimura
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - M Osakabe
- National Institute for Fusion Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
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Wada M. Plasma-surface interaction in negative hydrogen ion sources. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:052103. [PMID: 29864876 DOI: 10.1063/1.5016262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A negative hydrogen ion source delivers more beam current when Cs is introduced to the discharge, but a continuous operation of the source reduces the beam current until more Cs is added to the source. This behavior can be explained by adsorption and ion induced desorption of Cs atoms on the plasma grid surface of the ion source. The interaction between the ion source plasma and the plasma grid surface of a negative hydrogen ion source is discussed in correlation to the Cs consumption of the ion source. The results show that operation with deuterium instead of hydrogen should require more Cs consumption and the presence of medium mass impurities as well as ions of the source wall materials in the arc discharge enlarges the Cs removal rate during an ion source discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Wada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0321, Japan
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Wei JL, Hu CD, Jiang CC, Liu S, Tao L, Gu YM, Zhao YZ, Chen YQ, Wu MS. Conceptual design of magnetic filter for the prototype negative ion source at ASIPP. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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