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Rolle K, Okotrub KA, Evmenova EA, Kuznetsov AG, Babin SA, Surovtsev NV. Reversal of crystallization in cryoprotected samples by laser editing. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:184506. [PMID: 38743430 DOI: 10.1063/5.0206117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Advances in cryobiology techniques commonly target either the cooling or the warming cycle, while little thought has been given to ≪repair≫ protocols applicable during cold storage. In particular, crystallization is the dominant threat to cryopreserved samples but proceeds from small nuclei that are innocuous if further growth is forestalled. To this end, we propose a laser editing technique that locally heats individual crystals above their melting point by a focused nanosecond pulse, followed by amorphization during rapid resolidification. As a reference, we first apply the approach to ice crystals in cryoprotected solution and use Raman confocal mapping to study the deactivation of crystalline order. Then, we examine dimethyl sulfoxide trihydrate crystals that can germinate at low temperatures in maximally freeze concentrated regions, as commonly produced by equilibrium cooling protocols. We show how to uniquely identify this phase from Raman spectra and evidence retarded growth of laser-edited crystals during warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rolle
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Academician Koptyug av. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - K A Okotrub
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Academician Koptyug av. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - E A Evmenova
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Academician Koptyug av. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - A G Kuznetsov
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Academician Koptyug av. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - S A Babin
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Academician Koptyug av. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - N V Surovtsev
- Institute of Automation and Electrometry SB RAS, Academician Koptyug av. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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Kringle L, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Dynamic Heterogeneity and Kovacs' Memory Effects in Supercooled Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3919-3930. [PMID: 37097190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the properties of supercooled water is important for developing a comprehensive theory for liquid water and amorphous ices. Because of rapid crystallization for deeply supercooled water, experiments on it are typically carried out under conditions in which the temperature and/or pressure are rapidly changing. As a result, information on the structural relaxation kinetics of supercooled water as it approaches (metastable) equilibrium is useful for interpreting results obtained in this experimentally challenging region of phase space. We used infrared spectroscopy and the fast time resolution obtained by transiently heating nanoscale water films to investigate relaxation kinetics (aging) in supercooled water. When the structural relaxation of the water films was followed using a temperature jump protocol analogous to the classic experiments of Kovacs, similar memory effects were observed. In particular, after suitable aging at one temperature, water's structure displayed an extremum versus the number of heat pulses upon changing to a second temperature before eventually relaxing to a steady-state structure characteristic of that temperature. A random double well model based on the idea of dynamic heterogeneity in supercooled water accounts for the observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Kringle
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Karina A, Eklund T, Tonauer CM, Li H, Loerting T, Amann-Winkel K. Infrared Spectroscopy on Equilibrated High-Density Amorphous Ice. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7965-7971. [PMID: 35981100 PMCID: PMC9442797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-density (HDA) and low-density amorphous ices (LDA) are believed to be counterparts of the high- and low-density liquid phases of water, respectively. In order to better understand how the vibrational modes change during the transition between the two solid states, we present infrared spectroscopy measurements, following the change of the decoupled OD-stretch (vOD) (∼2460 cm-1) and OH-combinational mode (vOH + v2, vOH + 2vR) (∼5000 cm-1). We observe a redshift from HDA to LDA, accompanied with a drastic decrease of the bandwidth. The hydrogen bonds are stronger in LDA, which is caused by a change in the coordination number and number of water molecules interstitial between the first and second hydration shell. The unusually broad uncoupled OD band also clearly distinguishes HDA from other crystalline high-pressure phases, while the shape and position of the in situ prepared LDA are comparable to those of vapor-deposited amorphous ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aigerim Karina
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Eklund
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Christina M. Tonauer
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hailong Li
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department
of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute
for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Kringle L, Thornley WA, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Isotope effects on the structural transformation and relaxation of deeply supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:084501. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0078796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We have examined the structure of supercooled liquid D2O as a function of temperature between 185 and 255 K using pulsed laser heating to rapidly heat and cool the sample on a nanosecond timescale. The liquid structure can be represented as a linear combination of two structural motifs, with a transition between them described by a logistic function centered at 218 K with a width of 10 K. The relaxation to a metastable state, which occurred prior to crystallization, exhibited nonexponential kinetics with a rate that was dependent on the initial structural configuration. When the temperature is scaled by the temperature of maximum density, which is an isostructural point of the isotopologues, the structural transition and the non-equilibrium relaxation kinetics of D2O agree remarkably well with those for H2O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Kringle
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Wyatt A. Thornley
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Greg A. Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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de Almeida Ribeiro I, de Koning M, Molinero V. Is It Possible to Follow the Structural Evolution of Water in "No-Man's Land" Using a Pulsed-Heating Procedure? J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:1085-1089. [PMID: 35080178 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c04106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anomalous increase in compressibility and heat capacity of supercooled water has been attributed to its structural transformation of into a four-coordinated liquid. Experiments revealed that κT and Cp peak at TWthermo ≈ 229 K [Kim et al. Science 2017, 358, 1589; Pathak et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2021, 118, e2018379118]. Recently, a pulsed heating procedure (PHP) was employed to interrogate the structure of water, reporting a steep increase in tetrahedrality around TWPHP = 210 ± 3 K [Kringle et al. Science 2020, 369, 1490]. This discrepancy questions whether water structure and thermodynamics are decoupled, or if the shift in TW is an artifact of PHP. Here we implement PHP in molecular simulations. We find that the stationary states captured at the bottom of the pulse are not representative of the thermalized liquid or its inherent structure. Our analysis reveals a temperature-dependent distortion that shifts TWPHP to ∼20 K below TWthermo. We conclude that 2 orders of magnitude faster rates are required to sample water's inherent structure with PHP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid de Almeida Ribeiro
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
| | - Maurice de Koning
- Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-859 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Computing in Engineering & Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, UNICAMP, 13083-861, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112-0850, United States
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Structural relaxation and crystallization in supercooled water from 170 to 260 K. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2022884118. [PMID: 33790015 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2022884118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The origin of water's anomalous properties has been debated for decades. Resolution of the problem is hindered by a lack of experimental data in a crucial region of temperatures, T, and pressures where supercooled water rapidly crystallizes-a region often referred to as "no man's land." A recently developed technique where water is heated and cooled at rates greater than 109 K/s now enables experiments in this region. Here, it is used to investigate the structural relaxation and crystallization of deeply supercooled water for 170 K < T < 260 K. Water's relaxation toward a new equilibrium structure depends on its initial structure with hyperquenched glassy water (HQW) typically relaxing more quickly than low-density amorphous solid water (LDA). For HQW and T > 230 K, simple exponential relaxation kinetics is observed. For HQW at lower temperatures, increasingly nonexponential relaxation is observed, which is consistent with the dynamics expected on a rough potential energy landscape. For LDA, approximately exponential relaxation is observed for T > 230 K and T < 200 K, with nonexponential relaxation only at intermediate temperatures. At all temperatures, water's structure can be reproduced by a linear combination of two, local structural motifs, and we show that a simple model accounts for the complex kinetics within this context. The relaxation time, τ rel , is always shorter than the crystallization time, τ xtal For HQW, the ratio, τ xtal /τ rel , goes through a minimum at ∼198 K where the ratio is about 60.
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Kringle L, Thornley WA, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Reversible structural transformations in supercooled liquid water from 135 to 245 K. Science 2020; 369:1490-1492. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb7542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A fundamental understanding of the unusual properties of water remains elusive because of the limited data at the temperatures and pressures needed to decide among competing theories. We investigated the structural transformations of transiently heated supercooled water films, which evolved for several nanoseconds per pulse during fast laser heating before quenching to 70 kelvin (K). Water’s structure relaxed from its initial configuration to a steady-state configuration before appreciable crystallization. Over the full temperature range investigated, all structural changes were reversible and reproducible by a linear combination of high- and low-temperature structural motifs. The fraction of the liquid with the high-temperature motif decreased rapidly as the temperature decreased from 245 to 190 K, consistent with the predictions of two-state “mixture” models for supercooled water in the supercritical regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loni Kringle
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Wyatt A. Thornley
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D. Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Greg A. Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
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Kimmel GA, Xu Y, Brumberg A, Petrik NG, Smith RS, Kay BD. Homogeneous ice nucleation rates and crystallization kinetics in transiently-heated, supercooled water films from 188 K to 230 K. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:204509. [PMID: 31153179 DOI: 10.1063/1.5100147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The crystallization kinetics of transiently heated, nanoscale water films were investigated for 188 K < Tpulse < 230 K, where Tpulse is the maximum temperature obtained during a heat pulse. The water films, which had thicknesses ranging from approximately 15-30 nm, were adsorbed on a Pt(111) single crystal and heated with ∼10 ns laser pulses, which produced heating and cooling rates of ∼109-1010 K/s in the adsorbed water films. Because the ice growth rates have been measured independently, the ice nucleation rates could be determined by modeling the observed crystallization kinetics. The experiments show that the nucleation rate goes through a maximum at T = 216 K ± 4 K, and the rate at the maximum is 1029±1 m-3 s-1. The maximum nucleation rate reported here for flat, thin water films is consistent with recent measurements of the nucleation rate in nanometer-sized water drops at comparable temperatures. However, the nucleation rate drops rapidly at lower temperatures, which is different from the nearly temperature-independent rates observed for the nanometer-sized drops. At T ∼ 189 K, the nucleation rate for the current experiments is a factor of ∼104-5 smaller than the rate at the maximum. The nucleation rate also decreases for Tpulse > 220 K, but the transiently heated water films are not very sensitive to the smaller nucleation rates at higher temperatures. The crystallization kinetics are consistent with a "classical" nucleation and growth mechanism indicating that there is an energetic barrier for deeply supercooled water to convert to ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Yuntao Xu
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Alexandra Brumberg
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
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Xu Y, Petrik NG, Smith RS, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Homogeneous Nucleation of Ice in Transiently-Heated, Supercooled Liquid Water Films. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5736-5743. [PMID: 29125304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the nucleation and growth of crystalline ice in 0.24 μm thick, supercooled water films adsorbed on Pt(111). The films were transiently heated with ∼10 ns infrared laser pulses, which produced typical heating and cooling rates of ∼109-1010 K/s. The crystallization of these water films was monitored with infrared spectroscopy. The experimental conditions were chosen to suppress ice nucleation at both the water/metal and water/vacuum interfaces. Furthermore, internal pressure increases due to curvature effects are precluded in these flat films. Therefore, the experiments were sensitive to the homogeneous ice nucleation rate from ∼210 to 225 K. The experiments show that Jmax, the maximum for the homogeneous ice nucleation rate, J(T), needs to be ≥1026 m-3 s-1 and is likely to be ∼1029±2 m-3 s-1. We argue that such large nucleation rates are consistent with experiments on hyperquenched glassy water, which typically have crystalline fractions of ∼1% or more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - R Scott Smith
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Physical Sciences Division , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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Xu Y, Petrik NG, Smith RS, Kay BD, Kimmel GA. Growth rate of crystalline ice and the diffusivity of supercooled water from 126 to 262 K. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:14921-14925. [PMID: 27956609 PMCID: PMC5206540 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1611395114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding deeply supercooled water is key to unraveling many of water's anomalous properties. However, developing this understanding has proven difficult due to rapid and uncontrolled crystallization. Using a pulsed-laser-heating technique, we measure the growth rate of crystalline ice, G(T), for 180 K < T < 262 K, that is, deep within water's "no man's land" in ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Isothermal measurements of G(T) are also made for 126 K ≤ T ≤ 151 K. The self-diffusion of supercooled liquid water, D(T), is obtained from G(T) using the Wilson-Frenkel model of crystal growth. For T > 237 K and P ∼ 10-8 Pa, G(T) and D(T) have super-Arrhenius ("fragile") temperature dependences, but both cross over to Arrhenius ("strong") behavior with a large activation energy in no man's land. The fact that G(T) and D(T) are smoothly varying rules out the hypothesis that liquid water's properties have a singularity at or near 228 K at ambient pressures. However, the results are consistent with a previous prediction for D(T) that assumed no thermodynamic transitions occur in no man's land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntao Xu
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Nikolay G Petrik
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - R Scott Smith
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Bruce D Kay
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
| | - Greg A Kimmel
- Chemical Physics & Analysis, Physical Sciences Division, Physical & Computational Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352
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