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Jeon H, Kang J, Kim J, Choi W, Kim K, Kim T. Experimental realization of entangled coherent states in two-dimensional harmonic oscillators of a trapped ion. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6847. [PMID: 38514797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57391-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Entangled coherent states play pivotal roles in various fields such as quantum computation, quantum communication, and quantum sensing. We experimentally demonstrate the generation of entangled coherent states with the two-dimensional motion of a trapped ion system. Using Raman transitions with appropriate detunings, we simultaneously drive the red and blue sidebands of the two transverse axes of a single trapped ion and observe multi-periodic entanglement and disentanglement of its spin and two-dimensional motion. Then, by measuring the spin state, we herald entangled coherent states of the transverse motions of the trapped ion and observe the corresponding modulation in the parity of the phonon distribution of one of the harmonic oscillators. Lastly, we trap two ions in a linear chain and realize Mølmer-Sørensen gate using two-dimensional motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honggi Jeon
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyong Kang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeun Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonhyeong Choi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghye Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Inter-university Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Computer Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Institute of Applied Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Qian ZH, Cui JM, Luo XW, Zheng YX, Huang YF, Ai MZ, He R, Li CF, Guo GC. Super-resolved Imaging of a Single Cold Atom on a Nanosecond Timescale. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:263603. [PMID: 35029497 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.263603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In cold atomic systems, fast and high-resolution microscopy of individual atoms is crucial, since it can provide direct information on the dynamics and correlations of the system. Here, we demonstrate nanosecond-scale two-dimensional stroboscopic pictures of a single trapped ion beyond the optical diffraction limit, by combining the main idea of ground-state depletion microscopy with quantum-state transition control in cold atoms. We achieve a spatial resolution up to 175 nm using a NA=0.1 objective in the experiment, which represents a more than tenfold improvement compared with direct fluorescence imaging. To show the potential of this method, we apply it to observe the secular motion of the trapped ion; we demonstrate a temporal resolution up to 50 ns with a displacement detection sensitivity of 10 nm. Our method provides a powerful tool for probing particle positions, momenta, and correlations, as well as their dynamics in cold atomic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Hua Qian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jin-Ming Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Xi-Wang Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yong-Xiang Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yun-Feng Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ming-Zhong Ai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Ran He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
- CAS Center For Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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3
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Stark J, Warnecke C, Bogen S, Chen S, Dijck EA, Kühn S, Rosner MK, Graf A, Nauta J, Oelmann JH, Schmöger L, Schwarz M, Liebert D, Spieß LJ, King SA, Leopold T, Micke P, Schmidt PO, Pfeifer T, Crespo López-Urrutia JR. An ultralow-noise superconducting radio-frequency ion trap for frequency metrology with highly charged ions. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2021; 92:083203. [PMID: 34470420 DOI: 10.1063/5.0046569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel ultrastable superconducting radio-frequency (RF) ion trap realized as a combination of an RF cavity and a linear Paul trap. Its RF quadrupole mode at 34.52 MHz reaches a quality factor of Q ≈ 2.3 × 105 at a temperature of 4.1 K and is used to radially confine ions in an ultralow-noise pseudopotential. This concept is expected to strongly suppress motional heating rates and related frequency shifts that limit the ultimate accuracy achieved in advanced ion traps for frequency metrology. Running with its low-vibration cryogenic cooling system, electron-beam ion trap, and deceleration beamline supplying highly charged ions (HCIs), the superconducting trap offers ideal conditions for optical frequency metrology with ionic species. We report its proof-of-principle operation as a quadrupole-mass filter with HCIs and trapping of Doppler-cooled 9Be+ Coulomb crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stark
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Warnecke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Bogen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Chen
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E A Dijck
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S Kühn
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M K Rosner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Graf
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Nauta
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J-H Oelmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Schmöger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M Schwarz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - D Liebert
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L J Spieß
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S A King
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Leopold
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - P Micke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P O Schmidt
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - T Pfeifer
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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Cai ML, Liu ZD, Zhao WD, Wu YK, Mei QX, Jiang Y, He L, Zhang X, Zhou ZC, Duan LM. Observation of a quantum phase transition in the quantum Rabi model with a single trapped ion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1126. [PMID: 33602942 PMCID: PMC7893029 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21425-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantum phase transitions (QPTs) are usually associated with many-body systems in the thermodynamic limit when their ground states show abrupt changes at zero temperature with variation of a parameter in the Hamiltonian. Recently it has been realized that a QPT can also occur in a system composed of only a two-level atom and a single-mode bosonic field, described by the quantum Rabi model (QRM). Here we report an experimental demonstration of a QPT in the QRM using a 171Yb+ ion in a Paul trap. We measure the spin-up state population and the average phonon number of the ion as two order parameters and observe clear evidence of the phase transition via adiabatic tuning of the coupling between the ion and its spatial motion. An experimental probe of the phase transition in a fundamental quantum optics model without imposing the thermodynamic limit opens up a window for controlled study of QPTs and quantum critical phenomena. Quantum phase transition occurs in many-body systems with abrupt changes in the ground state around zero temperature. Here the authors report signatures of quantum phase transition in single trapped ion that can be described using quantum Rabi model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-L Cai
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Z-D Liu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - W-D Zhao
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y-K Wu
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Q-X Mei
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Y Jiang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - L He
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China
| | - X Zhang
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Physics, Renmin University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Z-C Zhou
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.,Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - L-M Duan
- Center for Quantum Information, Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China.
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5
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Park Y, Jung C, Seong M, Lee M, Cho DD, Kim T. A New Measurement Method for High Voltages Applied to an Ion Trap Generated by an RF Resonator. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21041143. [PMID: 33562053 PMCID: PMC7914741 DOI: 10.3390/s21041143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A new method is proposed to measure unknown amplitudes of radio frequency (RF) voltages applied to ion traps, using a pre-calibrated voltage divider with RF shielding. In contrast to previous approaches that estimate the applied voltage by comparing the measured secular frequencies with a numerical simulation, we propose using a pre-calibrated voltage divider to determine the absolute amplitude of large RF voltages amplified by a helical resonator. The proposed method does not require measurement of secular frequencies and completely removes uncertainty caused by limitations of numerical simulations. To experimentally demonstrate our method, we first obtained a functional relation between measured secular frequencies and large amplitudes of RF voltages using the calibrated voltage divider. A comparison of measured relations and simulation results without any fitting parameters confirmed the validity of the proposed method. Our method can be applied to most ion trap experiments. In particular, it will be an essential tool for surface ion traps which are extremely vulnerable to unknown large RF voltages and for improving the accuracy of numerical simulations for ion trap experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjae Park
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.P.); (C.J.); (M.L.); (D.D.C.)
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Changhyun Jung
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.P.); (C.J.); (M.L.); (D.D.C.)
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Myeongseok Seong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Minjae Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.P.); (C.J.); (M.L.); (D.D.C.)
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dongil Dan Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea; (Y.P.); (C.J.); (M.L.); (D.D.C.)
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Automation and Systems Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Computer Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-880-1725
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6
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Fan M, Holliman CA, Shi X, Zhang H, Straus MW, Li X, Buechele SW, Jayich AM. Optical Mass Spectrometry of Cold RaOH^{+} and RaOCH_{3}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:023002. [PMID: 33512224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.023002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an all-optical mass spectrometry technique to identify trapped ions. The new method uses laser-cooled ions to determine the mass of a cotrapped dark ion with a sub-dalton resolution within a few seconds. We apply the method to identify the first controlled synthesis of cold, trapped RaOH^{+} and RaOCH_{3}^{+}. These molecules are promising for their sensitivity to time and parity violations that could constrain sources of new physics beyond the standard model. The nondestructive nature of the mass spectrometry technique may help identify molecular ions or highly charged ions prior to optical spectroscopy. Unlike previous mass spectrometry techniques for small ion crystals that rely on scanning, the method uses a Fourier transform that is inherently broadband and comparatively fast. The technique's speed provides new opportunities for studying state-resolved chemical reactions in ion traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fan
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- California Institute for Quantum Entanglement, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - C A Holliman
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- California Institute for Quantum Entanglement, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - X Shi
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- California Institute for Quantum Entanglement, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - H Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - M W Straus
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- California Institute for Quantum Entanglement, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - X Li
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Photonic Technique, Xi' an Jiaotong University, Xi' an 710049, China
| | - S W Buechele
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- California Institute for Quantum Entanglement, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
| | - A M Jayich
- Department of Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
- California Institute for Quantum Entanglement, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA
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7
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Bardin JC, Slichter DH, Reilly DJ. Microwaves in Quantum Computing. IEEE JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES 2021; 1:10.1109/JMW.2020.3034071. [PMID: 34355217 PMCID: PMC8335598 DOI: 10.1109/jmw.2020.3034071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Quantum information processing systems rely on a broad range of microwave technologies and have spurred development of microwave devices and methods in new operating regimes. Here we review the use of microwave signals and systems in quantum computing, with specific reference to three leading quantum computing platforms: trapped atomic ion qubits, spin qubits in semiconductors, and superconducting qubits. We highlight some key results and progress in quantum computing achieved through the use of microwave systems, and discuss how quantum computing applications have pushed the frontiers of microwave technology in some areas. We also describe open microwave engineering challenges for the construction of large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph C Bardin
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003 USA
- Google LLC, Goleta, CA 93117 USA
| | - Daniel H Slichter
- Time and Frequency Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO 80305 USA
| | - David J Reilly
- Microsoft Inc., Microsoft Quantum Sydney, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQuS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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8
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Schmidt J, Hönig D, Weckesser P, Thielemann F, Schaetz T, Karpa L. Mass-selective removal of ions from Paul traps using parametric excitation. APPLIED PHYSICS. B, LASERS AND OPTICS 2020; 126:176. [PMID: 33088025 PMCID: PMC7547030 DOI: 10.1007/s00340-020-07491-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We study a method for mass-selective removal of ions from a Paul trap by parametric excitation. This can be achieved by applying an oscillating electric quadrupole field at twice the secular frequency ω sec using pairs of opposing electrodes. While excitation near the resonance with the secular frequency ω sec only leads to a linear increase of the amplitude with excitation duration, parametric excitation near 2 ω sec results in an exponential increase of the amplitude. This enables efficient removal of ions from the trap with modest excitation voltages and narrow bandwidth, therefore, substantially reducing the disturbance of ions with other charge-to-mass ratios. We numerically study and compare the mass selectivity of the two methods. In addition, we experimentally show that the barium isotopes with 136 and 137 nucleons can be removed from small ion crystals and ejected out of the trap while keeping 138 Ba + ions Doppler cooled, corresponding to a mass selectivity of better than Δ m / m = 1 / 138 . This method can be widely applied to ion trapping experiments without major modifications since it only requires modulating the potential of the ion trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schmidt
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, 4 place Jussieu, Paris, France
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO USA
| | - Daniel Hönig
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pascal Weckesser
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Thielemann
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaetz
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leon Karpa
- Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Straße 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Kiefer P, Hakelberg F, Wittemer M, Bermúdez A, Porras D, Warring U, Schaetz T. Floquet-Engineered Vibrational Dynamics in a Two-Dimensional Array of Trapped Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:213605. [PMID: 31809155 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.213605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate Floquet engineering in a basic yet scalable 2D architecture of individually trapped and controlled ions. Local parametric modulations of detuned trapping potentials steer the strength of long-range interion couplings and the related Peierls phase of the motional state. In our proof of principle, we initialize large coherent states and tune modulation parameters to control trajectories, directions, and interferences of the phonon flow. Our findings open a new pathway for future Floquet-based trapped-ion quantum simulators targeting correlated topological phenomena and dynamical gauge fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Kiefer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Frederick Hakelberg
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wittemer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Bermúdez
- Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Porras
- Instituto de Física Fundamental IFF-CSIC, Calle Serrano 113b, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ulrich Warring
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaetz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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11
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Hakelberg F, Kiefer P, Wittemer M, Warring U, Schaetz T. Interference in a Prototype of a Two-Dimensional Ion Trap Array Quantum Simulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:100504. [PMID: 31573283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Trapped ions are a promising platform for envisioned quantum simulators, with outstanding results in one-dimensional ion crystals. However, theory requires not only interactions at long range, but also higher dimensionality. We operate a basic triangular array of three individually trapped ions based on scalable microfabrication technology. We demonstrate coherent coupling, tunable in real time and enabling interference in 2D, an essential building block for a reconfigurable quantum simulator. Mitigating motional heating will permit accessing the quantum regime and 2D experimental quantum simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Hakelberg
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philip Kiefer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Wittemer
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Warring
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schaetz
- Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Physikalisches Institut, Hermann-Herder-Strasse 3, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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12
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Detti A, De Pas M, Duca L, Perego E, Sias C. A compact radiofrequency drive based on interdependent resonant circuits for precise control of ion traps. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2019; 90:023201. [PMID: 30831687 DOI: 10.1063/1.5063305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Paul traps are widely used to confine electrically charged particles like atomic and molecular ions by using an intense radiofrequency (RF) field, typically obtained by a voltage drop on capacitative electrodes placed in vacuum. We present a RF drive realized on a compact printed circuit board and providing a high-voltage RF signal to a quadrupole Paul trap. The circuit is formed by using four interdependent resonant circuits - each of which is connected to an electrode of a Paul trap - fed by low-noise amplifiers, leading to an output voltage of peak-to-peak amplitude up to 200 V at 3.23 MHz. The presence of a single resonant circuit for each electrode ensures a strong control on the voltage drop on each electrode, e.g., by applying a DC field through a bias tee. Additionally, the moderate quality factor Q = 67 of the resonant circuits ensures a fast operation of the drive, which can be turned on and off in less than 10 μs. Finally, the RF lines are equipped with pickups that sample the RF in phase and amplitude, thus providing a signal that can be used to actively control the voltage drop at the trap's electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Detti
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Marco De Pas
- Università degli Studi di Firenze, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Via G. Sansone 1, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Lucia Duca
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Elia Perego
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Carlo Sias
- Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, Strada delle Cacce 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
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13
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Estimation of the ion-trap assisted electrical loads and resulting BBR shift. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16884. [PMID: 30443030 PMCID: PMC6237823 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35234-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Capacitive, inductive and resistive loads of an ion-trap system, which can be modelled as LCR circuits, are important to know for building a high accuracy experiment. Accurate estimation of these loads is necessary for delivering the desired radio frequency (RF) signal to an ion trap via an RF resonator. Of particular relevance to the trapped ion optical atomic clock, determination of these loads lead to accurate evaluation of the Black-Body Radiation (BBR) shift resulting from the inaccurate machining of the ion-trap itself. We have identified different sources of these loads and estimated their values using analytical and finite element analysis methods, which are found to be well in agreement with the experimentally measured values. For our trap geometry, we obtained values of the effective inductive, capacitive and resistive loads as: 3.1 μH, 3.71 (1) μH, 3.68 (6) μH; 50.4 pF, 51.4 (7) pF, 40.7 (2) pF; and 1.373 Ω, 1.273 (3) Ω, 1.183 (9) Ω by using analytical, numerical and experimental methods, respectively. The BBR shift induced by the excess capacitive load arising due to machining inaccuracy in the RF carrying parts has been accurately estimated, which results to a fractional frequency shift of 6.6 × 10−17 for an RF of 1 kV at 2π × 15 MHz and with ±10 μm machining inaccuracy. This needs to be incorporated into the total systematic uncertainty budget of a frequency standard as it is about one order of magnitude higher than the present precision of the trapped ion optical clocks.
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14
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Webb AE, Webster SC, Collingbourne S, Bretaud D, Lawrence AM, Weidt S, Mintert F, Hensinger WK. Resilient Entangling Gates for Trapped Ions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:180501. [PMID: 30444422 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.180501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Constructing a large-scale ion trap quantum processor will require entangling gate operations that are robust in the presence of noise and experimental imperfection. We experimentally demonstrate how a new type of Mølmer-Sørensen gate protects against infidelity caused by heating of the motional mode used during the gate. Furthermore, we show how the same technique simultaneously provides significant protection against slow fluctuations and mis-sets in the secular frequency. Since this parameter sensitivity is worsened in cases where the ions are not ground-state cooled, our method provides a path towards relaxing ion cooling requirements in practical realizations of quantum computing and simulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Webb
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S C Webster
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - S Collingbourne
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - D Bretaud
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - A M Lawrence
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - S Weidt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
| | - F Mintert
- QOLS, Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2BW, United Kingdom
| | - W K Hensinger
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
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15
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Shapira Y, Shaniv R, Manovitz T, Akerman N, Ozeri R. Robust Entanglement Gates for Trapped-Ion Qubits. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 121:180502. [PMID: 30444416 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.180502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
High-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates play an important role in many quantum information processing tasks and are a necessary building block for constructing a universal quantum computer. Such high-fidelity gates have been demonstrated on trapped-ion qubits; however, control errors and noise in gate parameters may still lead to reduced fidelity. Here we propose and demonstrate a general family of two-qubit entangling gates which are robust to different sources of noise and control errors. These gates generalize the renowned Mølmer-Sørensen gate by using multitone drives. We experimentally implemented several of the proposed gates on ^{88}Sr^{+} ions trapped in a linear Paul trap and verified their resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotam Shapira
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Ravid Shaniv
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Tom Manovitz
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Nitzan Akerman
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Roee Ozeri
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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16
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Blūms V, Piotrowski M, Hussain MI, Norton BG, Connell SC, Gensemer S, Lobino M, Streed EW. A single-atom 3D sub-attonewton force sensor. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaao4453. [PMID: 29740598 PMCID: PMC5938223 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao4453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Forces drive all physical interactions. High-sensitivity measurement of the effect of forces enables the quantitative investigation of physical phenomena. Laser-cooled trapped atomic ions are a well-controlled quantum system whose low mass, strong Coulomb interaction, and readily detectable fluorescence signal make them a favorable platform for precision metrology. We demonstrate a three-dimensional sub-attonewton sensitivity force sensor based on a super-resolution imaging of a single trapped ion. The force is detected by measuring the ion's displacement in three dimensions with nanometer precision. Observed sensitivities were 372 ± 9, 347 ± 18, and 808 ± 51 zN/[Formula: see text], corresponding to 24×, 87×, and 21× above the quantum limit. We verified this technique by measuring a 95-zN light pressure force, an important systematic effect in optically based sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valdis Blūms
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Marcin Piotrowski
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Manufacturing, Pullenvale, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - Mahmood I. Hussain
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Benjamin G. Norton
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Steven C. Connell
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Manufacturing, Pullenvale, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - Stephen Gensemer
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Manufacturing, Pullenvale, Queensland 4069, Australia
| | - Mirko Lobino
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Queensland Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Erik W. Streed
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia
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17
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Wong-Campos JD, Moses SA, Johnson KG, Monroe C. Demonstration of Two-Atom Entanglement with Ultrafast Optical Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:230501. [PMID: 29286704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.230501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate quantum entanglement of two trapped atomic ion qubits using a sequence of ultrafast laser pulses. Unlike previous demonstrations of entanglement mediated by the Coulomb interaction, this scheme does not require confinement to the Lamb-Dicke regime and can be less sensitive to ambient noise due to its speed. To elucidate the physics of an ultrafast phase gate, we generate a high entanglement rate using just ten pulses, each of ∼20 ps duration, and demonstrate an entangled Bell state with (76±1)% fidelity. These results pave the way for entanglement operations within a large collection of qubits by exciting only local modes of motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Wong-Campos
- Joint Quantum Institute, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - S A Moses
- Joint Quantum Institute, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - K G Johnson
- Joint Quantum Institute, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - C Monroe
- Joint Quantum Institute, Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, and Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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18
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Johnson KG, Wong-Campos JD, Neyenhuis B, Mizrahi J, Monroe C. Ultrafast creation of large Schrödinger cat states of an atom. Nat Commun 2017; 8:697. [PMID: 28951588 PMCID: PMC5614983 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00682-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesoscopic quantum superpositions, or Schrödinger cat states, are widely studied for fundamental investigations of quantum measurement and decoherence as well as applications in sensing and quantum information science. The generation and maintenance of such states relies upon a balance between efficient external coherent control of the system and sufficient isolation from the environment. Here we create a variety of cat states of a single trapped atom’s motion in a harmonic oscillator using ultrafast laser pulses. These pulses produce high fidelity impulsive forces that separate the atom into widely separated positions, without restrictions that typically limit the speed of the interaction or the size and complexity of the resulting motional superposition. This allows us to quickly generate and measure cat states larger than previously achieved in a harmonic oscillator, and create complex multi-component superposition states in atoms. Generation of mesoscopic quantum superpositions requires both reliable coherent control and isolation from the environment. Here, the authors succeed in creating a variety of cat states of a single trapped atom, mapping spin superpositions into spatial superpositions using ultrafast laser pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Johnson
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - J D Wong-Campos
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - B Neyenhuis
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - J Mizrahi
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - C Monroe
- Department of Physics, Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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19
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Neyenhuis B, Zhang J, Hess PW, Smith J, Lee AC, Richerme P, Gong ZX, Gorshkov AV, Monroe C. Observation of prethermalization in long-range interacting spin chains. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1700672. [PMID: 28875166 PMCID: PMC5573308 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although statistical mechanics describes thermal equilibrium states, these states may or may not emerge dynamically for a subsystem of an isolated quantum many-body system. For instance, quantum systems that are near-integrable usually fail to thermalize in an experimentally realistic time scale, and instead relax to quasi-stationary prethermal states that can be described by statistical mechanics, when approximately conserved quantities are included in a generalized Gibbs ensemble (GGE). We experimentally study the relaxation dynamics of a chain of up to 22 spins evolving under a long-range transverse-field Ising Hamiltonian following a sudden quench. For sufficiently long-range interactions, the system relaxes to a new type of prethermal state that retains a strong memory of the initial conditions. However, the prethermal state in this case cannot be described by a standard GGE; it rather arises from an emergent double-well potential felt by the spin excitations. This result shows that prethermalization occurs in a broader context than previously thought, and reveals new challenges for a generic understanding of the thermalization of quantum systems, particularly in the presence of long-range interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Neyenhuis
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jiehang Zhang
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Corresponding author.
| | - Paul W. Hess
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jacob Smith
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Aaron C. Lee
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Phil Richerme
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Zhe-Xuan Gong
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Alexey V. Gorshkov
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Christopher Monroe
- Joint Quantum Institute and Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD 20742, USA
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20
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Demonstration of a small programmable quantum computer with atomic qubits. Nature 2016; 536:63-6. [DOI: 10.1038/nature18648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 435] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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