1
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Dhabal D, Kumar R, Molinero V. Liquid-liquid transition and ice crystallization in a machine-learned coarse-grained water model. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2322853121. [PMID: 38709921 PMCID: PMC11098087 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2322853121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mounting experimental evidence supports the existence of a liquid-liquid transition (LLT) in high-pressure supercooled water. However, fast crystallization of supercooled water has impeded identification of the LLT line TLL(p) in experiments. While the most accurate all-atom (AA) water models display a LLT, their computational cost limits investigations of its interplay with ice formation. Coarse-grained (CG) models provide over 100-fold computational efficiency gain over AA models, enabling the study of water crystallization, but have not yet shown to have a LLT. Here, we demonstrate that the CG machine-learned water model Machine-Learned Bond-Order Potential (ML-BOP) has a LLT that ends in a critical point at pc = 170 ± 10 MPa and Tc = 181 ± 3 K. The TLL(p) of ML-BOP is almost identical to the one of TIP4P/2005, adding to the similarity in the equation of state of liquid water in both models. Cooling simulations reveal that ice crystallization is fastest at the LLT and its supercritical continuation of maximum heat capacity, supporting a mechanistic relationship between the structural transformation of water to a low-density liquid (LDL) and ice formation. We find no signature of liquid-liquid criticality in the ice crystallization temperatures. ML-BOP replicates the competition between formation of LDL and ice observed in ultrafast experiments of decompression of the high-density liquid (HDL) into the region of stability of LDL. The simulations reveal that crystallization occurs prior to the coarsening of the HDL and LDL domains, obscuring the distinction between the highly metastable first-order LLT and pronounced structural fluctuations along its supercritical continuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debdas Dhabal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112-0850
| | - Rajat Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112-0850
| | - Valeria Molinero
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT84112-0850
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2
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Eltareb A, Lopez GE, Giovambattista N. Potential energy landscape of a flexible water model: Equation of state, configurational entropy, and Adam-Gibbs relationship. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:154510. [PMID: 38639318 PMCID: PMC11184974 DOI: 10.1063/5.0200306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The potential energy landscape (PEL) formalism is a tool within statistical mechanics that has been used in the past to calculate the equation of states (EOS) of classical rigid model liquids at low temperatures, where computer simulations may be challenging. In this work, we use classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the PEL formalism to calculate the EOS of the flexible q-TIP4P/F water model. This model exhibits a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) in the supercooled regime, at (Pc = 150 MPa, Tc = 190 K, and ρc = 1.04 g/cm3) [using the reaction field technique]. The PEL-EOS of q-TIP4P/F water and the corresponding location of the LLCP are in very good agreement with the MD simulations. We show that the PEL of q-TIP4P/F water is Gaussian, which allows us to calculate the configurational entropy of the system, Sconf. The Sconf of q-TIP4P/F water is surprisingly similar to that reported previously for rigid water models, suggesting that intramolecular flexibility does not necessarily add roughness to the PEL. We also show that the Adam-Gibbs relation, which relates the diffusion coefficient D with Sconf, holds for the flexible q-TIP4P/F water model. Overall, our results indicate that the PEL formalism can be used to study molecular systems that include molecular flexibility, the common case in standard force fields. This is not trivial since the introduction of large bending/stretching mode frequencies is problematic in classical statistical mechanics. For example, as shown previously, we find that such high frequencies lead to unphysical (negative) entropy for q-TIP4P/F water when using classical statistical mechanics (yet, the PEL formalism can be applied successfully).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Eltareb
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: ; ; and
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3
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Weldon R, Wang F. Water Potential from Adaptive Force Matching for Ice and Liquid with Revised Dispersion Predicts Supercooled Liquid Anomalies in Good Agreement with Two Independent Experimental Fits. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:3398-3407. [PMID: 38536126 PMCID: PMC11017247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c06495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
A revised version of the Water potential from Adaptive force matching for Ice and Liquid (WAIL) was developed by using the previous data set for fitting the WAIL model but with a dispersion term calculated using symmetry adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). The model has no adjustable parameters and relies solely on fitting first-principles information. The new model, named revised WAIL (rWAIL), shows improved predictions of most properties of water when compared to the previously published WAIL model. The rWAIL model also compares favorably to other first-principles-derived water models, such as MB-Pol, at only a fraction of the computational cost. The rWAIL model is used to study the properties of supercooled water. The model shows evidence of a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) in the supercooled regimes with the liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) at 203 K and 90 MPa. This estimate is in good agreement with a recent polynomial fit to the experimental density of water. Also, the fit to the surface tension of supercooled water based on the rWAIL model shows excellent agreement with the corresponding fit to the experimental data. Consistent with previously published molecular dynamics and experimental data, the surface tension of water exhibits exponential growth in the supercooled regime, which is likely a result of the emergence of a low-density liquid form of water. The simulation thus unites two separate experimental fits with one first-principles-based model, lending strong evidence of an LLPT in real water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond Weldon
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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4
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Bachler J, Daidone I, Zanetti-Polzi L, Loerting T. Tuning the low-temperature phase behavior of aqueous ionic liquids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:9741-9753. [PMID: 38470827 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06101a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Water's anomalous behavior is often explained using a two-liquid model, where two types of water, high-density liquid (HDL) and low-density liquid (LDL), can be separated via a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) at low temperature. Mixtures of water and the ionic liquid hydrazinium trifluoroacetate were suggested to also show an LLPT but with the advantage that there is no rapid ice crystallization hampering its observation. It remains controversial whether these solutions exhibit an LLPT or are instead associated with complex phase separation phenomena. We here show detailed low-temperature calorimetry and diffraction experiments on aqueous solutions containing hydrazinium trifluoroacetate and other similar ionic liquids, all at a solute mole fraction of x = 0.175. Hydrazinium trifluoroacetate, ammonium trifluoroacetate, ethylammonium trifluoroacetate and hydrazinium pentafluoropropionate all boast exothermic transitions unrelated to crystallization as well as remarkable structural changes upon cooling into the glassy state. We propose a model inspired by micelle formation and decomposition in surfactant solutions, which is complemented by MD simulations and allows rationalizing the rich phase behavior of our mixtures during cooling. The fundamental aspect of the model is the hydrophobic nature of fluorinated anions that enables aggregation, which is reversed upon cooling and culminates in the remarkable exothermic first-order transition observed at low temperature. That is, we assign the first-order transition not to an LLPT but to phase-separations similar to the ones when falling below the Krafft temperature. All other solutions merely show simple vitrification behavior. Still, they exhibit distinct differences in liquid fragility, which is decreased continuously with decreasing hydrophobicity of the anions. This might enable the systematic tuning of ionic liquids with the goal of designing aqueous solutions of specific fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Bachler
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila 67010, Italy
| | | | - Thomas Loerting
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Innsbruck, Innrain 52c, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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5
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Mokshin AV, Vlasov RV. Liquid-Liquid Crossover in Water Model: Local Structure vs Kinetics of Hydrogen Bonds. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38411102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
In equilibrium and supercooled liquids, polymorphism is manifested by thermodynamic regions defined in the phase diagram, which are predominantly of different short- and medium-range order (local structure). It is found that on the phase diagram of the water model, the thermodynamic region corresponding to the equilibrium liquid phase is divided by a line of the smooth liquid-liquid crossover. In the case of the water model TIP4P/2005, this crossover is revealed by various local order parameters and corresponds to pressures on the order of 3150 ± 350 atm at ambient temperature. In the vicinity of the crossover, the dynamics of water molecules change significantly, which is reflected, in particular, in the fact that the self-diffusion coefficient reaches its maximum values. In addition, changes in the structure also manifest themselves in changes in the kinetics of hydrogen bonding, which are captured by values of such quantities as the average lifetime of hydrogen bonding, the average lifetimes of different local coordination numbers, and the frequencies of changes in different local coordination numbers. An interpretation of the hydrogen bond kinetics in terms of the free energy landscape concept in the space of possible coordination numbers is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii V Mokshin
- Department of Computational Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
| | - Roman V Vlasov
- Department of Computational Physics, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Kazan 420008, Russia
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6
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Daidone I, Foffi R, Amadei A, Zanetti-Polzi L. A statistical mechanical model of supercooled water based on minimal clusters of correlated molecules. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:094502. [PMID: 37655770 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we apply a theoretical model for fluid state thermodynamics to investigate simulated water in supercooled conditions. This model, which we recently proposed and applied to sub- and super-critical fluid water [Zanetti-Polzi et al., J. Chem. Phys. 156(4), 44506 (2022)], is based on a combination of the moment-generating functions of the enthalpy and volume fluctuations as provided by two gamma distributions and provides the free energy of the system as well as other relevant thermodynamic quantities. The application we make here provides a thermodynamic description of supercooled water fully consistent with that expected by crossing the liquid-liquid Widom line, indicating the presence of two distinct liquid states. In particular, the present model accurately reproduces the Widom line temperatures estimated with other two-state models and well describes the heat capacity anomalies. Differently from previous models, according to our description, a cluster of molecules that extends beyond the first hydration shell is necessary to discriminate between the statistical fluctuation regimes typical of the two liquid states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio (Coppito 1), L'Aquila 67010, Italy
| | - Riccardo Foffi
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zürich, Laura-Hezner-Weg 7, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Amadei
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata," Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Zanetti-Polzi
- Center S3, CNR-Institute of Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
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7
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Cerdeiriña CA, González-Salgado D, Troncoso J. Liquid-Liquid Criticality in TIP4P/2005 and Three-State Models of Water. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:3902-3910. [PMID: 37097210 PMCID: PMC10165646 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations leading to the isothermal compressibility, the isobaric thermal expansivity, and the isobaric heat capacity of TIP4P/2005 water are found to be consistent with the coordinates of its second, liquid-liquid critical point reported recently by Debenedetti et al. [ Science 2020, 369, 289-292]. In accord with the theory of critical phenomena, we encounter that the rise in the magnitude of these response functions as temperature is lowered is especially marked along the critical isochore. Furthermore, response-function ratios provide a test for thermodynamic consistency at the critical point and manifest nonuniversal features sharply distinguishing liquid-liquid from standard gas-liquid criticality. The whole pattern of behavior revealed by simulations is qualitatively the same as the one of a three-state Ising model of water exhibiting a low-temperature liquid-liquid critical point. Exact solutions for the two-state components of such a three-state model are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio A Cerdeiriña
- Instituto de Física e Ciencias Aeroespaciais da Universidade de Vigo and Unidad MSMN Asociada al CSIC por el IQFR, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Diego González-Salgado
- Instituto de Física e Ciencias Aeroespaciais da Universidade de Vigo and Unidad MSMN Asociada al CSIC por el IQFR, Ourense 32004, Spain
| | - Jacobo Troncoso
- Instituto de Física e Ciencias Aeroespaciais da Universidade de Vigo and Unidad MSMN Asociada al CSIC por el IQFR, Ourense 32004, Spain
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8
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Foffi R, Sciortino F. Correlated Fluctuations of Structural Indicators Close to the Liquid-Liquid Transition in Supercooled Water. J Phys Chem B 2022; 127:378-386. [PMID: 36538764 PMCID: PMC9841516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c07169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple numerical studies have unambiguously shown the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled states for different numerical models of water, and various structural indicators have been put forward to describe the transformation associated with this phase transition. Here we analyze numerical simulations of near-critical supercooled water to compare the behavior of several of such indicators with critical density fluctuations. We show that close to the critical point most indicators are strongly correlated to density, and some of them even display identical distributions of fluctuations. These indicators probe the exact same free energy landscape, therefore providing a thermodynamic description of critical supercooled water which is identical to that provided by the density order parameter. This implies that close to the critical point, there is a tight coupling between many, only apparently distinct, structural degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foffi
- Institute
for Environmental Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental
and Geomatic Engineering, ETH Zürich, 8093Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento
di Fisica, Sapienza Università di
Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro
5, I-00185Rome, Italy,E-mail:
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9
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Gartner TE, Piaggi PM, Car R, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Transition in Water from First Principles. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:255702. [PMID: 36608224 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.255702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A long-standing question in water research is the possibility that supercooled liquid water can undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition (LLT) into high- and low-density liquids. We used several complementary molecular simulation techniques to evaluate the possibility of an LLT in an ab initio neural network model of water trained on density functional theory calculations with the SCAN exchange correlation functional. We conclusively show the existence of a first-order LLT and an associated critical point in the SCAN description of water, representing the first definitive computational evidence for an LLT in water from first principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Gartner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | | | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
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10
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Škvára J, Nezbeda I. Thermodynamics and structure of supercooled water. II. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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11
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Mondal A, Ramesh G, Singh RS. Manifestations of the structural origin of supercooled water’s anomalies in the heterogeneous relaxation on the potential energy landscape. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:184503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0124041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid water is well-known for its intriguing thermodynamic anomalies in the supercooled state. The phenomenological two-state models—based on the assumption of the existence of two types of competing local states (or, structures) in liquid water—have been extremely successful in describing water’s thermodynamic anomalies. However, the precise structural features of these competing local states in liquid water still remain elusive. Here, we have employed a predefined structural order parameter-free approach to unambiguously identify two types of competing local states—entropically and energetically favored—with significantly different structural and energetic features in the TIP4P/2005 liquid water. This identification is based on the heterogeneous structural relaxation of the system in the potential energy landscape (PEL) during the steepest-descent energy minimization. This heterogeneous relaxation is characterized using order parameters inspired by the spin-glass transition in frustrated magnetic systems. We have further established a direct relationship between the population fluctuation of the two states and the anomalous behavior of the heat capacity in supercooled water. The composition-dependent spatial distribution of the entropically favored local states shows an interesting crossover from a spanning network-like single cluster to the spatially delocalized clusters in the close vicinity of the Widom line. Additionally, this study establishes a direct relationship between the topographic features of the PEL and the water’s thermodynamic anomalies in the supercooled state and provides alternate markers (in addition to the locus of maxima of thermodynamic response functions) for the Widom line in the phase plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Gadha Ramesh
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
| | - Rakesh S. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Tirupati, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh 517507, India
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12
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Weis J, Sciortino F, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Liquid-Liquid Criticality in the WAIL Water Model. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:024502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis that the anomalous behavior of liquid water is related to the existence of a second critical point in deeply supercooled states has long been the subject of intense debate. Recent, sophisticated experiments designed to observe the transformation between the two subcritical liquids on nano- and microsecond time scales, along with demanding numerical simulations based on classical (rigid) models parametrized to reproduce thermodynamic properties of water, have provided support to this hypothesis. A stronger numerical proof requires demonstrating that the critical point, which occurs at temperatures and pressures far from those at which the models were optimized, is robust with respect to model parameterization, specifically with respect to incorporating additional physical effects. Here we show that a liquid-liquid critical point can be rigorously located also in the WAIL model of water [J. Chem. Phys. 137, 014510 (2012)], a model parameterized using ab-initio calculations only. The model incorporates two features not present in many previously-studied water models: it is both flexible and polarizable, properties which can significantly influence the phase behavior of water. The observation of the critical point in a model in which the water-water interaction is estimated using only quantum ab-initio calculations provides strong support to the viewpoint according to which the existence of two distinct liquids is a robust feature in the free energy landscape of supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Weis
- Princeton University, United States of America
| | | | | | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, United States of America
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13
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Corsaro C, Fazio E. From Critical Point to Critical Point: The Two-States Model Describes Liquid Water Self-Diffusion from 623 to 126 K. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195899. [PMID: 34641442 PMCID: PMC8512083 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid’s behaviour, when close to critical points, is of extreme importance both for fundamental research and industrial applications. A detailed knowledge of the structural–dynamical correlations in their proximity is still today a target to reach. Liquid water anomalies are ascribed to the presence of a second liquid–liquid critical point, which seems to be located in the very deep supercooled regime, even below 200 K and at pressure around 2 kbar. In this work, the thermal behaviour of the self-diffusion coefficient for liquid water is analyzed, in terms of a two-states model, for the first time in a very wide thermal region (126 K < T < 623 K), including those of the two critical points. Further, the corresponding configurational entropy and isobaric-specific heat have been evaluated within the same interval. The two liquid states correspond to high and low-density water local structures that play a primary role on water dynamical behavior over 500 K.
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14
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Zanetti-Polzi L, Amadei A, Daidone I. Segregation on the nanoscale coupled to liquid water polyamorphism in supercooled aqueous ionic-liquid solution. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:104502. [PMID: 34525825 DOI: 10.1063/5.0061659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The most intriguing hypothesis explaining many water anomalies is a metastable liquid-liquid phase transition (LLPT) at high pressure and low temperatures, experimentally hidden by homogeneous nucleation. Recent infrared spectroscopic experiments showed that upon addition of hydrazinium trifluoroacetate to water, the supercooled ionic solution undergoes a sharp, reversible LLPT at ambient pressure, possible offspring of that in pure water. Here, we calculate the temperature-dependent signature of the OH-stretching band, reporting on the low/high density phase of water, in neat water and in the same experimentally investigated ionic solution. The comparison between the infrared signature of the pure liquid and that of the ionic solution can be achieved only computationally, providing insight into the nature of the experimentally observed phase transition and allowing us to investigate the effects of ionic compounds on the high to low density supercooled liquid water transition. We show that the experimentally observed crossover behavior in the ionic solution can be reproduced only if the phase transition between the low- and high-density liquid states of water is coupled to a mixing-unmixing transition between the water component and the ions: at low temperatures, water and ions are separated and the water component is a low density liquid. At high temperatures, water and ions get mixed and the water component is a high-density liquid. The separation at low temperatures into ion-rich and ion-poor regions allows unveiling the polyamorphic nature of liquid water, leading to a crossover behavior resembling that observed in supercooled neat water under high pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Zanetti-Polzi
- Center S3, CNR-Institute of Nanoscience, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Amadei
- Department of Chemical and Technological Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica, I-00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Daidone
- Department of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio (Coppito 1), 67010 L'Aquila, Italy
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15
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Lupi L, Vázquez Ramírez B, Gallo P. Dynamical crossover and its connection to the Widom line in supercooled TIP4P/Ice water. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:054502. [PMID: 34364341 DOI: 10.1063/5.0059190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We perform molecular dynamics simulations with the TIP4P/Ice water model to characterize the relationship between dynamics and thermodynamics of liquid water in the supercooled region. We calculate the relevant properties of the phase diagram, and we find that TIP4P/Ice presents a retracing line of density maxima, similar to what was previously found for atomistic water models and models of other tetrahedral liquids. For this model, a liquid-liquid critical point between a high-density liquid and a low-density liquid was recently found. We compute the lines of the maxima of isothermal compressibility and the minima of the coefficient of thermal expansion in the one phase region, and we show that these lines point to the liquid-liquid critical point while collapsing on the Widom line. This line is the line of the maxima of correlation length that emanates from a second order critical point in the one phase region. Supercooled water was found to follow mode coupling theory and to undergo a transition from a fragile to a strong behavior right at the crossing of the Widom line. We find here that this phenomenology also happens for TIP4P/Ice. Our results appear, therefore, to be a general characteristic of supercooled water, which does not depend on the interaction potential used, and they reinforce the idea that the dynamical crossover from a region where the relaxation mechanism is dominated by cage relaxation to a region where cages are frozen and hopping dominates is correlated in water to a phase transition between a high-density liquid and a low-density liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Lupi
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Benjamín Vázquez Ramírez
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Gallo
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
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16
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Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Effects on the Structure and Themodynamic Properties of Confined Water: Water in Solutions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147547. [PMID: 34299171 PMCID: PMC8304151 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is used in the temperature range 180–350 K to study the local order and transport properties of pure liquid water (bulk and confined) and its solutions with glycerol and methanol at different molar fractions. We focused our interest on the hydrophobic effects (HE), i.e., the competition between hydrophilic and hydrophobic interactions. Nowadays, compared to hydrophilicity, little is known about hydrophobicity. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to gain new information about hydrophobicity. As the liquid water properties are dominated by polymorphism (two coexisting liquid phases of high and low density) due to hydrogen bond interactions (HB), creating (especially in the supercooled regime) the tetrahedral networking, we focused our interest to the HE of these structures. We measured the relaxation times (T1 and T2) and the self-diffusion (DS). From these times, we took advantage of the NMR property to follow the behaviors of each molecular component (the hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups) separately. In contrast, DS is studied in terms of the Adam–Gibbs model by obtaining the configurational entropy (Sconf) and the specific heat contributions (CP,conf). We find that, for the HE, all of the studied quantities behave differently. For water–glycerol, the HB interaction is dominant for all conditions; water–methanol, two different T-regions above and below 265 K are observable, dominated by hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity, respectively. Below this temperature, where the LDL phase and the HB network develops and grows, with the times and CP,conf change behaviors leading to maxima and minima. Above it, the HB becomes weak and less stable, the HDL dominates, and hydrophobicity determines the solution.
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Bartók AP, Hantal G, Pártay LB. Insight into Liquid Polymorphism from the Complex Phase Behavior of a Simple Model. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:015701. [PMID: 34270313 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.015701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We systematically explored the phase behavior of the hard-core two-scale ramp model suggested by Jagla [Phys. Rev. E 63, 061501 (2001)PRESCM1539-375510.1103/PhysRevE.63.061501] using a combination of the nested sampling and free energy methods. The sampling revealed that the phase diagram of the Jagla potential is significantly richer than previously anticipated, and we identified a family of new crystalline structures, which is stable over vast regions in the phase diagram. We showed that the new melting line is located at considerably higher temperature than the boundary between the low- and high-density liquid phases, which was previously suggested to lie in a thermodynamically stable region. The newly identified crystalline phases show unexpectedly complex structural features, some of which are shared with the high-pressure ice VI phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert P Bartók
- Department of Physics and Warwick Centre for Predictive Modelling, School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - György Hantal
- Institute of Physics and Materials Science, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Livia B Pártay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
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18
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Foffi R, Russo J, Sciortino F. Structural and topological changes across the liquid-liquid transition in water. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:184506. [PMID: 34241034 DOI: 10.1063/5.0049299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the TIP4P/Ice model of water can be studied numerically in metastable equilibrium at and below its liquid-liquid critical temperature. We report here simulations along a subcritical isotherm, for which two liquid states with the same pressure and temperature but different density can be equilibrated. This allows for a clear visualization of the structural changes taking place across the transition. We specifically focus on how the topological properties of the H-bond network change across the liquid-liquid transition. Our results demonstrate that the structure of the high-density liquid, characterized by the existence of interstitial molecules and commonly explained in terms of the collapse of the second neighbor shell, actually originates from the folding back of long rings, bringing pairs of molecules separated by several hydrogen-bonds close by in space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Foffi
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John Russo
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza Università di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro, 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
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19
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Horstmann R, Vogel M. Relations between thermodynamics, structures, and dynamics for modified water models in their supercooled regimes. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:054502. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0037080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Horstmann
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M. Vogel
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstr. 6, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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20
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Marques MS, Hernandes VF, Lomba E, Bordin JR. Competing interactions near the liquid-liquid phase transition of core-softened water/methanol mixtures. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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21
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Dubey V, Daschakraborty S. Breakdown of the Stokes-Einstein Relation in Supercooled Water/Methanol Binary Mixtures: Explanation Using the Translational Jump-Diffusion Approach. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:10398-10408. [PMID: 33153260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c07318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A recent experiment has directly checked the validity of the Stokes-Einstein (SE) relation for pure water, pure methanol, and their binary mixtures of three different compositions at different temperatures. The effect of composition on the nature of breakdown of the SE relation is interesting. While in the majority of the systems, an increasing SE breakdown is observed with decreasing temperature, the breakdown is already significant at higher temperatures for the equimolar mixture. Violations of the SE relation in pure supercooled water at different temperatures and pressures have been previously explained using the translational jump-diffusion (TJD) approach, which provides a fundamental molecular basis, by directly connecting the SE breakdown with jump-diffusion of the molecules. We have used the same TJD approach for explaining the SE breakdown for the methanol/water binary mixtures of compositions studied in the experiment over a wide range of temperatures between 220 K and 300 K. We have understood that the jump-diffusion is the key responsible factor for the SE breakdown. The maximum jump-diffusion contribution gives rise to the early SE breakdown observed for the equimolar mixture observed in the experiment. This study, therefore, provides molecular insight into the SE breakdown for the supercooled water/methanol binary mixture, as found in the experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Dubey
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, Bihar 801106, India
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22
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Gartner TE, Zhang L, Piaggi PM, Car R, Panagiotopoulos AZ, Debenedetti PG. Signatures of a liquid-liquid transition in an ab initio deep neural network model for water. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26040-26046. [PMID: 33008883 PMCID: PMC7584908 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015440117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The possible existence of a metastable liquid-liquid transition (LLT) and a corresponding liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) in supercooled liquid water remains a topic of much debate. An LLT has been rigorously proved in three empirically parametrized molecular models of water, and evidence consistent with an LLT has been reported for several other such models. In contrast, experimental proof of this phenomenon has been elusive due to rapid ice nucleation under deeply supercooled conditions. In this work, we combined density functional theory (DFT), machine learning, and molecular simulations to shed additional light on the possible existence of an LLT in water. We trained a deep neural network (DNN) model to represent the ab initio potential energy surface of water from DFT calculations using the Strongly Constrained and Appropriately Normed (SCAN) functional. We then used advanced sampling simulations in the multithermal-multibaric ensemble to efficiently explore the thermophysical properties of the DNN model. The simulation results are consistent with the existence of an LLCP, although they do not constitute a rigorous proof thereof. We fit the simulation data to a two-state equation of state to provide an estimate of the LLCP's location. These combined results-obtained from a purely first-principles approach with no empirical parameters-are strongly suggestive of the existence of an LLT, bolstering the hypothesis that water can separate into two distinct liquid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Gartner
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Linfeng Zhang
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Pablo M Piaggi
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Roberto Car
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Program in Applied and Computational Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Athanassios Z Panagiotopoulos
- Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of Materials, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544;
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
| | - Pablo G Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544
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Abstract
The origin of water's anomalies has been a matter of long-standing debate. A two-state model, dating back to Röntgen, relies on the dynamical coexistence of two types of local structures-locally favored tetrahedral structure (LFTS) and disordered normal-liquid structure (DNLS)-in liquid water. Phenomenologically, this model not only explains water's thermodynamic anomalies but also can rationalize the existence of a liquid-liquid critical point (LLCP) if there is a cooperative formation of LFTS. We recently found direct evidence for the coexistence of LFTS and DNLS in the experimental structure factor of liquid water. However, the existence of the LLCP and its impact on water's properties has remained elusive, leaving the origin of water's anomalies unclear. Here we propose a unique strategy to locate the LLCP of liquid water. First, we make a comprehensive analysis of a large set of experimental structural, thermodynamic, and dynamic data based on our hierarchical two-state model. This model predicts that the two thermodynamic and dynamical fluctuation maxima lines should cross at the LLCP if it exists, which we confirm by hundred-microsecond simulations for model waters. Based on recent experimental results of the compressibility and diffusivity measurements in the no man's land, we reveal that the two lines cross around 184 K and 173 MPa for real water, suggesting the presence of the LLCP around there. Nevertheless, we find that the criticality is almost negligible in the experimentally accessible region of liquid water because it is too far from the LLCP. Our findings would provide a clue to settle the long-standing debate.
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Some Aspects of the Liquid Water Thermodynamic Behavior: From The Stable to the Deep Supercooled Regime. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197269. [PMID: 33019640 PMCID: PMC7582456 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid water is considered to be a peculiar example of glass forming materials because of the possibility of giving rise to amorphous phases with different densities and of the thermodynamic anomalies that characterize its supercooled liquid phase. In the present work, literature data on the density of bulk liquid water are analyzed in a wide temperature-pressure range, also including the glass phases. A careful data analysis, which was performed on different density isobars, made in terms of thermodynamic response functions, like the thermal expansion αP and the specific heat differences CP−CV, proves, exclusively from the experimental data, the thermodynamic consistence of the liquid-liquid transition hypothesis. The study confirms that supercooled bulk water is a mixture of two liquid “phases”, namely the high density (HDL) and the low density (LDL) liquids that characterize different regions of the water phase diagram. Furthermore, the CP−CV isobars behaviors clearly support the existence of both a liquid–liquid transition and of a liquid–liquid critical point.
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25
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Martelli F, Leoni F, Sciortino F, Russo J. Connection between liquid and non-crystalline solid phases in water. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:104503. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0018923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Martelli
- IBM Research Europe, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
| | - Fabio Leoni
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - John Russo
- School of Mathematics, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1UG, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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26
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Debenedetti PG, Sciortino F, Zerze GH. Second critical point in two realistic
models of water. Science 2020; 369:289-292. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb9796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The hypothesis that water has a second
critical point at deeply supercooled conditions
was formulated to provide a thermodynamically
consistent interpretation of numerous experimental
observations. A large body of work has been
devoted to verifying or falsifying this
hypothesis, but no unambiguous experimental proof
has yet been found. Here, we use histogram
reweighting and large-system scattering
calculations to investigate computationally two
molecular models of water, TIP4P/2005 and
TIP4P/Ice, widely regarded to be among the most
accurate classical force fields for this
substance. We show that both models have a
metastable liquid-liquid critical point at deeply
supercooled conditions and that this critical
point is consistent with the three-dimensional
Ising universality class.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ,
USA
| | | | - Gül H. Zerze
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ,
USA
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27
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Ansari N, Onat B, Sosso GC, Hassanali A. Insights into the Emerging Networks of Voids in Simulated Supercooled Water. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:2180-2190. [PMID: 32032486 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.9b10144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The structural evolution of supercooled liquid water as we approach the glass transition temperature continues to be an active area of research. Here, we use molecular dynamics simulations of TIP4P/ice water to study the changes in the connected regions of empty space within the liquid, which we investigate using the Voronoi-voids network. We observe two important features: supercooling enhances the fraction of nonspherical voids and different sizes of voids tend to cluster forming a percolating network. By examining order parameters such as the local structure index (LSI), tetrahedrality and topological defects, we show that water molecules near large void clusters tend to be slightly more tetrahedral than those near small voids, with a lower population of under- and overcoordinated defects. We show further that the distribution of closed rings of water molecules around small and large void clusters maintain a balance between 6 and 7 membered rings. Our results highlight the changes of the dual voids and water network as a structural hallmark of supercooling and provide insights into the molecular origins of cooperative effects underlying density fluctuations on the subnanometer and nanometer length scale. In addition, the percolation of the voids and the hydrogen bond network around the voids may serve as useful order parameters to investigate density fluctuations in supercooled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Ansari
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Berk Onat
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele C Sosso
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Scientific Computing, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Ali Hassanali
- The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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28
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Tang PH, Wu TM. Instantaneous normal mode analysis for OKE reduced spectra of liquid and supercooled water: Contributions of low-density and high-density liquids. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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29
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Piskulich ZA, Thompson WH. The dynamics of supercooled water can be predicted from room temperature simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:074505. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5139435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zeke A. Piskulich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
| | - Ward H. Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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30
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Zhao G, Shi S, Xie H, Xu Q, Ding M, Zhao X, Yan J, Wang D. Equation of state of water based on the SCAN meta-GGA density functional. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:4626-4631. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp06362e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
By ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the newly developed SCAN meta-GGA functional is proved better than the widely used PBE-GGA functional in describing the equation of state of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Shuyi Shi
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Huijuan Xie
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Qiushuang Xu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Mingcui Ding
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Xuguang Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Jinliang Yan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
| | - Dehua Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
- Ludong University
- Yantai 264025
- P. R. China
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31
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Mausbach P, May HO, Ruppeiner G. Thermodynamic metric geometry of the two-state ST2 model for supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5101075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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32
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Pathak H, Späh A, Amann-Winkel K, Perakis F, Kim KKH, Nilsson A. Temperature dependent anomalous fluctuations in water: shift of ≈1 kbar between experiment and classical force field simulations. Mol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2019.1649486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harshad Pathak
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander Späh
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kyung Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Mallamace F, Corsaro C, Mallamace D, Fazio E, Chen SH. Some considerations on the water polymorphism and the liquid-liquid transition by the density behavior in the liquid phase. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:044504. [PMID: 31370513 DOI: 10.1063/1.5095687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bulk liquid water density data (ρ) are studied in a very large temperature pressure range including also the glass phases. A thorough analysis of their isobars, together with the suggestions of recent thermodynamical studies, gives evidence of two crossovers at T* and P* above which the hydrogen bond interaction is unable to arrange the tetrahedral network that is at the basis of the liquid polymorphism giving rise to the low density liquid (LDL). The curvatures of these isobars, as a function of T, are completely different: concave below P* (where maxima are) and convex above. In both the cases, a continuity between liquid and glass is observed with P* as the border of the density evolution toward the two different polymorphic glasses (low and high density amorphous). The experimental data of the densities of these two glasses also show a markedly different pressure dependence. Here, on the basis of these observations in bulk water and by considering a recent study on the growth of the LDL phase, by decreasing temperature, we discuss the water liquid-liquid transition and evaluate the isothermal compressibility inside the deep supercooled regime. Such a quantity shows an additional maximum that is pressure dependent that under ambient conditions agrees with a recent X-ray experiment. In particular, the present analysis suggests the presence of a liquid-liquid critical point located at about 180 MPa and 197 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Mallamace
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Carmelo Corsaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Università di Messina I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Domenico Mallamace
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Università di Messina I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Enza Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra (MIFT), Università di Messina I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Sow-Hsin Chen
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
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34
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Bianco V, Franzese G. Hydrogen bond correlated percolation in a supercooled water monolayer as a hallmark of the critical region. J Mol Liq 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.04.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Corsaro C, Fazio E, Mallamace D. The Stokes-Einstein relation in water/methanol solutions. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:234506. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5096760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Corsaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’ Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - E. Fazio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’ Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - D. Mallamace
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, Università di Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’ Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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36
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Martelli F. Unravelling the contribution of local structures to the anomalies of water: The synergistic action of several factors. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:094506. [PMID: 30849899 DOI: 10.1063/1.5087471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the microscopic origin of water's anomalies by inspecting the hydrogen bond network (HBN) and the spatial organization of low-density-liquid (LDL) like and high-density-liquid (HDL) like environments. Specifically, we simulate-via classical molecular dynamics simulations-the isobaric cooling of a sample composed of 512 water molecules from ambient to deeply undercooled conditions at three pressures, namely, 1 bar, 400 bars, and 1000 bars. In correspondence with the Widom line (WL), (i) the HDL-like dominating cluster undergoes fragmentation caused by the percolation of LDL-like aggregates following a spinodal-like kinetics; (ii) such fragmentation always occurs at a "critical" concentration of ∼20%-30% in LDL; (iii) the HBN within LDL-like environments is characterized by an equal number of pentagonal and hexagonal rings that create a state of maximal frustration between a configuration that promotes crystallization (hexagonal ring) and a configuration that hinders it (pentagonal ring); (iv) the spatial organization of HDL-like environments shows a marked variation. Moreover, the inspection of the global symmetry shows that the intermediate-range order decreases in correspondence with the WL and such a decrease becomes more pronounced upon increasing the pressure, hence supporting the hypothesis of a liquid-liquid critical point. Our results reveal and rationalize the complex microscopic origin of water's anomalies as the cooperative effect of several factors acting synergistically. Beyond implications for water, our findings may be extended to other materials displaying anomalous behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Martelli
- IBM Research, Hartree Centre, Daresbury WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
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37
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Uralcan B, Latinwo F, Debenedetti PG, Anisimov MA. Pattern of property extrema in supercooled and stretched water models and a new correlation for predicting the stability limit of the liquid state. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:064503. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5078446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Betul Uralcan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Folarin Latinwo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA
| | - Mikhail A. Anisimov
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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38
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Späh A, Pathak H, Kim KH, Perakis F, Mariedahl D, Amann-Winkel K, Sellberg JA, Lee JH, Kim S, Park J, Nam KH, Katayama T, Nilsson A. Apparent power-law behavior of water's isothermal compressibility and correlation length upon supercooling. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:26-31. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05862h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Apparent power-law analysis of water's isothermal compressibility and correlation length in the temperature range from 280 K to 229 K.
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39
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Shi R, Russo J, Tanaka H. Common microscopic structural origin for water's thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:224502. [PMID: 30553247 DOI: 10.1063/1.5055908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Water displays a vast array of unique properties, known as water's anomalies, whose origin remains subject to hot debate. Our aim in this article is to provide a unified microscopic physical picture of water's anomalies in terms of locally favored structures, encompassing both thermodynamic and dynamic anomalies, which are often attributed to different origins. We first identify locally favored structures via a microscopic structural descriptor that measures local translational order and provide direct evidence that they have a hierarchical impact on the anomalies. At each state point, the strength of thermodynamic anomalies is directly proportional to the amount of locally favored structures, while the dynamic properties of each molecule depend on the local structure surrounding both itself and its nearest neighbors. To incorporate this, we develop a novel hierarchical two-state model. We show by extensive simulations of two popular water models that both thermodynamic and kinetic anomalies can be almost perfectly explained by the temperature and pressure dependence of these local and non-local versions of the same structural descriptor, respectively. Moreover, our scenario makes three unique predictions in supercooled water, setting it apart from other scenarios: (1) Presence of an "Arrhenius-to-Arrhenius" crossover upon cooling, as the origin of the apparent "fragile-to-strong" transition; (2) maximum of dynamic heterogeneity around 20 K below the Widom line and far above the glass transition; (3) violation of the Stokes-Einstein-Debye relation at ∼2T g, rather than 1.2T g typical of normal glass-formers. These predictions are verified by recent measurement of water's diffusion at very low temperatures (point 1) and discoveries from our extensive simulations (points 2-3). We suggest that the same scenario may generally apply to water-like anomalies in liquids tending to form locally favored structures, including not only other important tetrahedral liquids such as silicon, germanium, and silica, but also metallic and chalcogenide liquids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Shi
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - John Russo
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
| | - Hajime Tanaka
- Department of Fundamental Engineering, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan
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40
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Abstract
Liquid water is considered poorly understood. How are water's physical properties encoded in its molecular structure? We introduce a statistical mechanical model (CageWater) of water's hydrogen-bonding (HB) and Lennard-Jones (LJ) interactions. It predicts the energetic and volumetric and anomalous properties accurately. Yet, because the model is analytical, it is essentially instantaneous to compute. This model advances our understanding beyond current molecular simulations and experiments. Water has long been regarded as a "2-density liquid": a dense LJ liquid and a looser HB one. Instead, we find here a different antagonism underlying water structure-property relations: HBs in water-water pairs drive density, while HBs in cooperative cages drive openness. The balance shifts strongly with temperature and pressure. This model interprets the molecular structures underlying the liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled water. It may have value in geophysics, biomolecular modeling, and engineering of materials for water purification and green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomaz Urbic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, Ljubljana SI-1000, Slovenia
| | - Ken A. Dill
- Laufer Center for Physical and Quantitative Biology and Departments of Chemistry and of Physics & Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5252, United States
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41
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Hestand NJ, Skinner JL. Perspective: Crossing the Widom line in no man’s land: Experiments, simulations, and the location of the liquid-liquid critical point in supercooled water. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:140901. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5046687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Hestand
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J. L. Skinner
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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42
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Palmer JC, Poole PH, Sciortino F, Debenedetti PG. Advances in Computational Studies of the Liquid–Liquid Transition in Water and Water-Like Models. Chem Rev 2018; 118:9129-9151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy C. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204, United States
| | - Peter H. Poole
- Department of Physics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS B2G 2W5, Canada
| | - Francesco Sciortino
- Dipartimento di Fisica and CNR-ISC, Sapienza Universita’ di Roma, Piazzale A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Pablo G. Debenedetti
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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43
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Zhao G, Wang H, Hu DM, Ding MC, Zhao XG, Yan JL. Anomalous phase behavior of first-order fluid-liquid phase transition in phosphorus. J Chem Phys 2018; 147:204501. [PMID: 29195280 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the existence of liquid-liquid phase transition has become more and more convincing, whether it will terminate at a critical point and what is the order parameter are still open. To explore these questions, we revisit the fluid-liquid phase transition (FLPT) in phosphorus (P) and study its phase behavior by performing extensive first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. The FLPT observed in experiments is well reproduced, and a fluid-liquid critical point (FLCP) at T = 3000 ∼ 3500 K, P = 1.5-2.0 Kbar is found. With decreasing temperature from the FLCP along the transition line, the density difference (Δρ) between two coexisting phases first increases from zero and then anomalously decreases; however, the entropy difference (ΔS) continuously increases from zero. These features suggest that an order parameter containing contributions from both the density and the entropy is needed to describe the FLPT in P, and at least at low temperatures, the entropy, instead of the density, governs the FLPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - H Wang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - D M Hu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - M C Ding
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - X G Zhao
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
| | - J L Yan
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, People's Republic of China
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44
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Espinosa JR, Navarro C, Sanz E, Valeriani C, Vega C. On the time required to freeze water. J Chem Phys 2018; 145:211922. [PMID: 28799362 DOI: 10.1063/1.4965427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
By using the seeding technique the nucleation rate for the formation of ice at room pressure will be estimated for the TIP4P/ICE model using longer runs and a smaller grid of temperatures than in the previous work. The growth rate of ice will be determined for TIP4P/ICE and for the mW model of water. Although TIP4P/ICE and mW have a similar melting point and melting enthalpy, they differ significantly in the dynamics of freezing. The nucleation rate of mW is lower than that of TIP4P/ICE due to its higher interfacial free energy. Experimental results for the nucleation rate of ice are between the predictions of these two models when obtained from the seeding technique, although closer to the predictions of TIP4P/ICE. The growth rate of ice for the mW model is four orders of magnitude larger than for TIP4P/ICE. Avrami's expression is used to estimate the crystallization time from the values of the nucleation and growth rates. For mW the minimum in the crystallization time is found at approximately 85 K below the melting point and its value is of about a few ns, in agreement with the results obtained from brute force simulations by Moore and Molinero. For the TIP4P/ICE the minimum is found at about 55 K below the melting point, but its value is about ten microseconds. This value is compatible with the minimum cooling rate required to avoid the formation of ice and obtaining a glass phase. The crossover from the nucleation controlled crystallization to the growth controlled crystallization will be discussed for systems of finite size. This crossover could explain the apparent discrepancy between the values of J obtained by different experimental groups for temperatures below 230 K and should be considered as an alternative hypothesis to the two previously suggested: internal pressure and/or surface freezing effects. A maximum in the compressibility was found for the TIP4P/ICE model in supercooled water. The relaxation time is much smaller than the crystallization time at the temperature at which this maximum occurs, so this maximum is a real thermodynamic feature of the model. At the temperature of minimum crystallization time, the crystallization time is larger than the relaxation time by just two orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Espinosa
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I , Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Navarro
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I , Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - E Sanz
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I , Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Valeriani
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I , Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - C Vega
- Departamento de Quimica Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain and Departamento de Fisica Aplicada I , Facultad de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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45
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Ni Y, Hestand NJ, Skinner JL. Communication: Diffusion constant in supercooled water as the Widom line is crossed in no man’s land. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:191102. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5029822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Ni
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Hestand
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - J. L. Skinner
- Institute for Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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46
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rakesh S. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University , Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy C. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Houston , Houston, TX, USA
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47
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Abstract
To understand water’s anomalous behavior, a two-liquid model with a high-density liquid and a low-density liquid (LDL) has been proposed from theoretical simulations, and is gradually gaining ground. However, it has been experimentally challenging to probe the region of the phase diagram of H2O where the LDL phase is expected to occur. We overcome the experimental challenge by using a technique of rapid decompression integrated with fast synchrotron measurements, and show that the region of LDL is accessible via decompression of a high-pressure crystal. We report the experimental evidence of the LDL from in situ X-ray diffraction and its crystallization process, providing a kinetic pathway for the appearance of LDL as an intermediate phase in the crystal–crystal transformation upon decompression. Water is an extraordinary liquid, having a number of anomalous properties which become strongly enhanced in the supercooled region. Due to rapid crystallization of supercooled water, there exists a region that has been experimentally inaccessible for studying deeply supercooled bulk water. Using a rapid decompression technique integrated with in situ X-ray diffraction, we show that a high-pressure ice phase transforms to a low-density noncrystalline (LDN) form upon rapid release of pressure at temperatures of 140–165 K. The LDN subsequently crystallizes into ice-Ic through a diffusion-controlled process. Together with the change in crystallization rate with temperature, the experimental evidence indicates that the LDN is a low-density liquid (LDL). The measured X-ray diffraction data show that the LDL is tetrahedrally coordinated with the tetrahedral network fully developed and clearly linked to low-density amorphous ices. On the other hand, there is a distinct difference in structure between the LDL and supercooled water or liquid water in terms of the tetrahedral order parameter.
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48
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Guo J, Palmer JC. Fluctuations near the liquid–liquid transition in a model of silica. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:25195-25202. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp04237c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal anomalous small-angle scattering and liquid–liquid phase separation in an ionic model of silica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxiang Guo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
| | - Jeremy C. Palmer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering
- University of Houston
- Houston
- USA
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49
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Kim KH, Späh A, Pathak H, Perakis F, Mariedahl D, Amann-Winkel K, Sellberg JA, Lee JH, Kim S, Park J, Nam KH, Katayama T, Nilsson A. Maxima in the thermodynamic response and correlation functions of deeply supercooled water. Science 2017; 358:1589-1593. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aap8269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Supercooled and glassy water: Metastable liquid(s), amorphous solid(s), and a no-man's land. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:13336-13344. [PMID: 29133419 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1700103114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the recent research on supercooled and glassy water, focusing on the possible origins of its complex behavior. We stress the central role played by the strong directionality of the water-water interaction and by the competition between local energy, local entropy, and local density. In this context we discuss the phenomenon of polyamorphism (i.e., the existence of more than one disordered solid state), emphasizing both the role of the preparation protocols and the transformation between the different disordered ices. Finally, we present the ongoing debate on the possibility of linking polyamorphism with a liquid-liquid transition that could take place in the no-man's land, the temperature-pressure window in which homogeneous nucleation prevents the investigation of water in its metastable liquid form.
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