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Huber ML, Lemmon EW, Bell IH, McLinden MO. The NIST REFPROP Database for Highly Accurate Properties of Industrially Important Fluids. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022; 61:15449-15472. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Eric W. Lemmon
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Ian H. Bell
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Mark O. McLinden
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Mailstop 647.08, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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2
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Mebelli M, Velliadou D, Assael MJ, Antoniadis KD, Huber ML. Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of Ethane-1,2-diol (Ethylene Glycol) from the Triple Point to 475 K and Pressures up to 100 MPa. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS 2021; 42:10.1007/s10765-021-02904-y. [PMID: 37551302 PMCID: PMC10405737 DOI: 10.1007/s10765-021-02904-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a new wide-ranging correlation for the thermal conductivity of ethane-1,2-diol (ethylene glycol) based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlation is designed to be used with an existing equation of state, and it is valid from the triple point to 475 K, at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty is 2.2 % (at the 95 % confidence level), except in the dilute-gas region which is estimated to be 20 %, as there are no measurements in this region for comparison.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Mebelli
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Danai Velliadou
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Marc J Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Konstantinos D Antoniadis
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - Marcia L Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Harris KR. Thermodynamic or density scaling of the thermal conductivity of liquids. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:104504. [PMID: 32933295 DOI: 10.1063/5.0016389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermodynamic or density scaling is applied to thermal conductivity (λ) data from the literature for the model Lennard-Jones (12-6) fluid; the noble gases neon to xenon; nitrogen, ethene, and carbon dioxide as examples of linear molecules; the quasi-spherical molecules methane and carbon tetrachloride; the flexible chain molecules n-hexane and n-octane; the planar toluene and m-xylene; the cyclic methylcyclohexane; the polar R132a and chlorobenzene; and ammonia and methanol as H-bonded fluids. Only data expressed as Rosenfeld reduced properties could be scaled successfully. Two different methods were used to obtain the scaling parameter γ, one based on polynomial fits to the group (TVγ) and the other based on the Avramov equation. The two methods agree well, except for λ of CCl4. γ for the thermal conductivity is similar to those for the viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient for the smaller molecules. It is significantly larger for the Lennard-Jones fluid, possibly due to a different dependence on packing fraction, and much larger for polyatomic molecules where heat transfer through internal modes may have an additional effect. Methanol and ammonia, where energy can be transmitted through intermolecular hydrogen bonding, could not be scaled. This work is intended as a practical attempt to examine thermodynamic scaling of the thermal conductivity of real fluids. The divergence of the scaling parameters for different properties is unexpected, suggesting that refinement of theory is required to rationalize this result. For the Lennard-Jones fluid, the Ohtori-Iishi version of the Stokes-Einstein-Sutherland relation applies at high densities in the liquid and supercritical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth R Harris
- School of Science, The University of New South Wales, P.O. Box 7916, Canberra BC, ACT 2610, Australia
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Monogenidou SA, Assael MJ, Huber ML. Reference Correlation for the Thermal Conductivity of n-Hexadecane from the Triple Point to 700 K and up to 50 MPa. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA 2018; 47:10.1063/1.5021459. [PMID: 31080299 PMCID: PMC6508633 DOI: 10.1063/1.5021459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new wide-ranging correlation for the thermal conductivity of n-hexadecane based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlation is designed to be used with a recently published equation of state, and it is valid from the triple point up to 700 K and pressures up to 50 MPa. We estimate the uncertainty at a 95% confidence level to be 4% over the aforementioned range, with the exception of the dilute-gas range where the uncertainty is 2.7% over the temperature range 583 to 654 K. The correlation behaves in a physically reasonable manner when extrapolated to the full range of the equation of state, but the uncertainties are larger outside of the validated range, and also in the critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Monogenidou
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - M. J. Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - M. L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Assael MJ, Kalyva AE, Monogenidou SA, Huber ML, Perkins RA, Friend DG, May EF. Reference Values and Reference Correlations for the Thermal Conductivity and Viscosity of Fluids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA 2018; 47:10.1063/1.5036625. [PMID: 30996494 PMCID: PMC6463310 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, reference values and reference correlations for the thermal conductivity and viscosity of pure fluids are reviewed. Reference values and correlations for the thermal conductivity and the viscosity of pure fluids provide thoroughly evaluated data or functional forms and serve to help calibrate instruments, validate or extend models, and underpin some commercial transactions or designs, among other purposes. The criteria employed for the selection of thermal conductivity and viscosity reference values are also discussed; such values, which have the lowest uncertainties currently achievable, are typically adopted and promulgated by international bodies. Similar criteria are employed in the selection of reference correlations, which cover a wide range of conditions, and are often characterized by low uncertainties in their ranges of definition.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes,Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - A E Kalyva
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes,Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - S A Monogenidou
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes,Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - M L Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - R A Perkins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - D G Friend
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - E F May
- Fluid Science & Resources Division, University of Western Australia, Crawley WA 6009, Australia
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Assael MJ, Papalas TB, Huber ML. Reference Correlations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of n-Undecane. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA 2017; 46:033103. [PMID: 29230074 PMCID: PMC5721360 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents new wide-ranging correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of n-undecane based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlations are designed to be used with a recently published equation of state that is valid from the triple point to 700 K, at pressures up to 500 MPa, with densities below 776.86 kg m-3. The estimated uncertainty for the dilute-gas viscosity is 2.4%, and the estimated uncertainty for viscosity in the liquid phase for pressures up to 60 MPa over the temperature range 260 K to 520 K is 5%. The estimated uncertainty is 3% for the thermal conductivity of the low-density gas, and 3% for the liquid over the temperature range from 284 K to 677 K at pressures up to 400 MPa. Both correlations behave in a physically reasonable manner when extrapolated to the full range of the equation of state, however care should be taken when using the correlations outside of the validated range. The uncertainties will be larger outside of the validated range, and also in the critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - T. B. Papalas
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - M. L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Tsolakidou CM, Assael MJ, Huber ML, Perkins RA. Correlations for the Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Ethyl Fluoride (R161). JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA 2017; 46:023103. [PMID: 28785120 PMCID: PMC5544035 DOI: 10.1063/1.4983027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents new wide-ranging correlations for the viscosity and thermal conductivity of ethyl fluoride (R161) based on critically evaluated experimental data. The correlations are designed to be used with a recently published equation of state that is valid from 130 K to 450 K, at pressures up to 100 MPa. The estimated uncertainty at a 95% confidence level is 2% for the viscosity of low-density gas (pressures below 0.5 MPa), and 3% for the viscosity of the liquid over the temperature range from 243 K to 363 K at pressures up to 30 MPa. The estimated uncertainty is 3% for the thermal conductivity of the low-density gas, and 3% for the liquid over the temperature range from 234 K to 374 K at pressures up to 20 MPa. Both correlations may be used over the full range of the equation of state, but the uncertainties will be larger, especially in the critical region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ch. M. Tsolakidou
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - M. J. Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes, Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636, Greece
| | - M. L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - R. A. Perkins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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Koutian A, Assael MJ, Huber ML, Perkins RA. Reference Correlation of the Thermal Conductivity of Cyclohexane from the Triple Point to 640 K and up to 175 MPa. JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA 2017; 46:013102. [PMID: 28584386 PMCID: PMC5455799 DOI: 10.1063/1.4974325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
New, wide-range reference equations for the thermal conductivity of cyclohexane as a function of temperature and density are presented. The equations are based in part upon a body of experimental data that has been critically assessed for internal consistency and for agreement with theory whenever possible. We estimate the uncertainty (at the 95% confidence level) for the thermal conductivity of cyclohexane from the triple point (279.86 K) to 650 K at pressures up to 175 MPa to be 4% for the compressed liquid and supercritical phases. For the low-pressure gas phase (up to 0.1 MPa) over the temperature range 280 K to 680 K, the estimated uncertainty is 2.5%. Uncertainties in the critical region are much larger, since the thermal conductivity approaches infinity at the critical point and is very sensitive to small changes in density.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Koutian
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes,
Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636,
Greece
| | - M. J. Assael
- Laboratory of Thermophysical Properties and Environmental Processes,
Chemical Engineering Department, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki 54636,
Greece
| | - M. L. Huber
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - R. A. Perkins
- Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, National Institute of
Standards and Technology, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
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