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Berrens M, Kundu A, Calegari Andrade MF, Pham TA, Galli G, Donadio D. Nuclear Quantum Effects on the Electronic Structure of Water and Ice. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:6818-6825. [PMID: 38916450 PMCID: PMC11229061 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c01315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
The electronic properties and optical response of ice and water are intricately shaped by their molecular structure, including the quantum mechanical nature of the hydrogen atoms. Despite numerous previous studies, a comprehensive understanding of the nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) on the electronic structure of water and ice at finite temperatures remains elusive. Here, we utilize molecular simulations that harness efficient machine-learning potentials and many-body perturbation theory to assess how NQEs impact the electronic bands of water and hexagonal ice. By comparing path-integral and classical simulations, we find that NQEs lead to a larger renormalization of the fundamental gap of ice, compared to that of water, ultimately yielding similar bandgaps in the two systems, consistent with experimental estimates. Our calculations suggest that the increased quantum mechanical delocalization of protons in ice, relative to water, is a key factor leading to the enhancement of NQEs on the electronic structure of ice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret
L. Berrens
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave.. Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Arpan Kundu
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marcos F. Calegari Andrade
- Quantum
Simulations Group, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-5507, United States
| | - Tuan Anh Pham
- Quantum
Simulations Group, Materials Science Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550-5507, United States
| | - Giulia Galli
- Pritzker
School of Molecular Engineering, University
of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
- Materials
Science Division and Center for Molecular Engineering, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Davide Donadio
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave.. Davis, California 95616, United States
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Atomistic View of Mercury Cycling in Polar Snowpacks: Probing the Role of Hg2+ Adsorption Using Ab Initio Calculations. MINERALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/min9080459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Photochemical oxidation of atmospheric elemental mercury (Hg0) promotes reactive oxidized Hg (HgII) adsorption on particles and deposition to the polar snowpack. The deposited Hg either returns to the atmosphere via photochemical reduction or remains in the snowpack depending on the strength of adsorption. In this study, we performed ab initio calculations to understand the atomic-level cause of the fate of adsorbed Hg by determining the adsorption affinity for Hg2+, the simplest form of HgII, of barite, halite, muscovite, illite, and ice-Ih as potential adsorbents. The adsorption affinity was estimated by calculating the energy required to dissociate adsorbed Hg2+ from the adsorbents. The results reveal that Hg2+ is stable on the surfaces of the selected adsorbents, except barite, but is prone to photodissociation under solar ultraviolet radiation. This mild adsorption is expected to contribute to the bidirectional exchange of Hg between the atmosphere and the polar snowpack. Thus, this theoretical approach can provide complementary perspectives on polar Hg dynamics beyond the limitations of field and laboratory experiments. Further studies on more complicated and realistic adsorption models with different HgII species and adsorbent surfaces having diverse defective structures are required to better comprehend air–snow Hg cycling in the polar regions.
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Avidor N, Allison W. Helium Diffraction as a Probe of Structure and Proton Order on Model Ice Surfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4520-4523. [PMID: 27788008 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Helium diffraction has the potential to reveal the degree of proton order at an ice surface, and has been used in the past to benchmark theoretical work. We demonstrate that previous calculations do not represent the diffraction experiment to a sufficient degree of accuracy. By combining a realistic helium-water potential with quantum calculations using exact close-coupling methods we demonstrate that the scattering is strongly energy dependent. Proton order may be inferred best from selective adsorption resonances of the helium atom, which involve multiple scattering. We use the results to discuss the validity of the latest assumptions for the ice Ih surface with respect to proton ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Avidor
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom
| | - W Allison
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge , JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB30HE, United Kingdom
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