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Nilsson R, Choupanian S, Ronning C, Nordlund K, Granberg F. Investigation of surface orientation dependent sputtering of Ag. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2023; 36:065002. [PMID: 37871597 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad05fd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Sputtering of metal surfaces can be both a beneficial phenomenon, for instance in the coating industry, or an undesired side-effect, for instant materials subjected to irradiation. While the average sputtering yields are well known in common metals, recent studies have shown that the yields can depend on the crystallographic orientation of the surface much stronger than commonly appreciated. In this study, we investigate by computational means, molecular dynamics, the sputtering of single crystalline Ag surfaces under various incoming energies. The results at low and high energy are compared to experimental results for single crystalline Ag nanocubes of different orientations. We observe strong differences between the sputtering yields of different surface directions and ion energies. We analyze the results in terms of the atom cluster size of the sputtered materials, and show that the cluster size distribution is a key factor to understand the correspondence between simulations and experiments. At low energies mainly single atoms are sputtered, whereas at higher energies the sputtered material is mainly in atom clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Nilsson
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post-office box 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Shiva Choupanian
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Carsten Ronning
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Nordlund
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post-office box 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fredric Granberg
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Post-office box 43, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Stephan U, Steinke O, Ushakov A, Verlaan A, Yatsuka E, Yokoyama M, Rijfers A, Ribeiro D, Moser L, Bassan M, Maniscalco MP, van Beekum E, Hatae T. Design and analysis of first mirror plasma cleaning electrical circuit for Edge Thomson scattering ITER diagnostics. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Dmitriev A, Razdobarin A, Snigirev L, Elets D, Bukreev I, Babinov N, Varshavchik L, Mukhin E, Samsonov D, Yu. Tolstyakov S, Chernakov A, Kovalenko D, Pogkovyrov V, Yaroshevskaya A, Barsuk V, Kupriyanov I, Bukhovets V, Gorodetsky A, Markin A, Zalavutdinov R, Arkhipushkin I, Krat S, Polskij V, Gurbich A. Re-deposition of ITER-grade Be on plasma gun facility QSPA-Be: Characterization & plasma cleaning. NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2021.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Main design features of the Rh-based first mirror developed for the ITER CXRS core diagnostics. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Stephan U, Steinke O, Ushakov A, Verlaan A, de Bock M, Moser L, Maniscalco MP, van Beekum E, Verhoeff P. RF circuit analysis for ITER visible spectroscopy reference system first mirror plasma cleaning. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Shigin P, Babinov N, De Temmerman G, Danisi A, Dmitriev A, Larsen J, Madsen R, Marot L, Moser L, Mukhin E, Kochergin M, Ortiz R, Razdobarin A, Reichle R, Pitts R, Samsonov D, Tsalas M, Udintsev V, Vayakis G, Walsh M. RF discharge mirror cleaning system development for ITER diagnostics. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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RF discharge mirror cleaning for ITER optical diagnostics using 60 MHz very high frequency. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2020.112140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Dmitriev AM, Babinov N, Bazhenov A, Bukreev I, Elets D, Filimonov V, Koval A, Kueskiev G, Litvinov A, Mikhin E, Razdobarin A, Samsonov D, Senitchenkov V, Solovei V, Terechenko I, Tolstyakov SY, Varshavchik L, Chernakov P, Chernakov A, Chernakov A, Tugarionov S, Shigin P, Leipold F, Reichle R, Walsh M, Pflug A. RF plasma cleaning of water-cooled mirror equipped with notch filter based on shorted λ/4 line. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Litnovsky A, Peng J, Kreter A, Krasikov Y, Rasinski M, Nordlund K, Granberg F, Jussila J, Breuer U, Linsmeier C. Optimization of single crystal mirrors for ITER diagnostics. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2019.02.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Campbell DJ, Akiyama T, Barnsley R, Bassan M, Baylor LR, Bertalot L, Escourbiac F, Giancarli LM, Gitton P, Guirao J, Kocan M, Krasilnikov V, Kruezi U, Lehnen M, Maruyama S, Ma Y, Merola M, Mitchell N, Pitcher CS, Raffray AR, Reichle R, Shigin P, Sirinelli A, Udintsev V, van der Laan JG, Vayakis G, Wallander A, Walsh M, Watts C. Innovations in Technology and Science R&D for ITER. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-018-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mertens P. The Core-Plasma CXRS Diagnostic for ITER: An Introduction to the Current Design. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-018-0202-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ushakov A, Verlaan A, Ebeling R, Rijfers A, O’Neill R, Smith M, Stratton B, Koster N, van der List J, Gattuso A, Lasnier CJ, Feder R, Maniscalco MP, Verhoeff P. UWAVS first mirror plasma cleaning technology using 30–60 MHz RF discharges. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sputtering tests of single crystal molybdenum and rhodium mirrors at high ion fluence for in situ plasma cleaning of first mirrors in ITER. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Vorpahl C, Alekseev A, Arshad S, Hatae T, Khodak A, Klabacha J, Le Guern F, Mukhin E, Pak S, Seon C, Smith M, Yatsuka E, Zvonkov A. ITER diagnostic shutters. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.05.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Litnovsky A, Krasikov Y, Rasinski M, Kreter A, Linsmeier C, Mertens P, Unterberg B, Breuer U, Wegener T. First direct comparative test of single crystal rhodium and molybdenum mirrors for ITER diagnostics. FUSION ENGINEERING AND DESIGN 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2017.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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