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Li C, Chu S, Tan S, Yin X, Jiang Y, Dai X, Gong X, Fang X, Tian D. Towards Higher Sensitivity of Mass Spectrometry: A Perspective From the Mass Analyzers. Front Chem 2021; 9:813359. [PMID: 34993180 PMCID: PMC8724130 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.813359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used analytical techniques in many fields. Recent developments in chemical and biological researches have drawn much attention to the measurement of substances with low abundances in samples. Continuous efforts have been made consequently to further improve the sensitivity of MS. Modifications on the mass analyzers of mass spectrometers offer a direct, universal and practical way to obtain higher sensitivity. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in mass analyzers for the improvement of mass spectrometers' sensitivity, including quadrupole, ion trap, time-of-flight (TOF) and Fourier transform ion cyclotron (FT-ICR), as well as different combinations of these mass analyzers. The advantages and limitations of different mass analyzers and their combinations are compared and discussed. This review provides guidance to the selection of suitable mass spectrometers in chemical and biological analytical applications. It is also beneficial to the development of novel mass spectrometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Li
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shiying Chu
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Siyuan Tan
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinchi Yin
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - You Jiang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xinhua Dai
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiaoyun Gong
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Xiang Fang
- Technology Innovation Center of Mass Spectrometry for State Market Regulation, Center for Advanced Measurement Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, People’s Republic ofChina
| | - Di Tian
- College of Instrumentation & Electrical Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Huo X, Chen D, Tian Y, Li M, Yu Q, Guo C, Wang X. Asymmetric rectilinear ion trap with unidirectional ion ejection capability. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2020; 55:e4606. [PMID: 32786165 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the shapes of the electrodes are modified based on a rectilinear ion trap to achieve unidirectional ejection of ions. The designed asymmetric rectilinear ion trap (ARIT) analyzer adds convex and concave circular structures with a height of 0.5 mm on the two X-electrodes, so that the electric field center of the ion trap is inclined to the concave side. The electric field lines of the convex side are compressed to the concave side. Both simulations and experimental results show that ions are more likely to emit from the slit on the concave side plate when performing ion resonance ejection. The mass spectrum signal intensity can reach more than twice that of the original rectilinear trap when using only one detector. Calculations of the electric field components in the trap show that the even-order higher field proportion in the ion trap has not been significantly affected. Combined with the experimental test results, the study further confirmed that the developed ARIT has no significant loss in mass resolution, tandem mass spectrometry capability, and quantitative analysis capability. The proposed asymmetric structure modification scheme can achieve single-side ejection without significantly affecting other performances of the analyzer, which provides a new idea for the structural optimization of the subsequent ion trap analyzers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Huo
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Division of Life Science & Health, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Man Li
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Quan Yu
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Cheng'an Guo
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Shenzhen CHIN Instrument Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, 518052, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instruments, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Miniaturized liquid chromatography focusing on analytical columns and mass spectrometry: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1103:11-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Li G, Li D, Cheng Y, Sun W, Pei X, Han X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Sun J, Dong M. Improving the sensitivity of miniature linear ion trap mass spectrometer by a DC voltage applied on the eject electrodes. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2018; 24:322-329. [PMID: 29759016 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718776441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized linear ion trap mass spectrometer with continuous atmospheric pressure interface has been built in our lab. Significant extension in mass range and reduction in power consumption have been realized by the supplemental alternating current frequency scan mode. However, relatively poor sensitivity has been witnessed, which is directly dominated by the detection efficiency of the ion detector. Theoretical analysis has been implemented to find ways to improve the detection efficiency. The results show that enhanced sensitivity can be obtained by applying a direct current voltage on the pair of electrodes in eject direction. Experiments show that the sensitivity has been improved by more than one time due to the application of direct current voltage. With this design, this homemade miniature linear ion trap mass spectrometer can be used to analyze more rarefied samples, especially to on-site chemical analysis and space application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Detian Li
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Cheng
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjun Sun
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Pei
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huzhong Zhang
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou, China
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Li G, Li D, Cheng Y, Pei X, Zhang H, Wang Y, Sun J, Dong M. Development of a low power miniature linear ion trap mass spectrometer with extended mass range. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:123108. [PMID: 29289174 DOI: 10.1063/1.4993506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized ion trap mass spectrometer with continuous atmospheric pressure interface was built, which could be used in conjunction with internal ionization (in-vacuum plasma ionization) and external ionization (electrospray ionization). To improve its mass range, a supplemental AC signal frequency scan mode was performed for this miniature mass spectrometer, in which the fundamental RF signal was remained constant with an amplitude as low as several hundreds volts. Experiments showed that the upper limit of the mass range can be extended to 2500 Da for the miniature mass spectrometer developed in this work, and the power consumption can be reduced by 2/5, while maintaining good balance with performance parameters such as stability, sensitivity, and resolution. Due to the improvement in mass range and significant reduction in energy consumption compared with the instrument using the traditional resonant ejection mode, the scan method developed in this work is helpful to promote the miniature design of mass spectrometers for field analysis and space exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Detian Li
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Cheng
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Pei
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Huzhong Zhang
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Science and Technology on Vacuum Technology and Physics Laboratory, Lanzhou Institute of Physics, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Huo X, Chen J, Tang F, Yao T, Piao S, Ni K, Wang X. Rapid mass spectrometry analysis of a rectilinear ion trap by continuous secular frequency scanning. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1031-1040. [PMID: 28403552 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Secular frequency scanning is a mass spectrometry (MS) analysis method in which the frequency of the auxiliary alternating current (AC) signal is scanned. It has low requirements for radio-frequency (RF) power, which is beneficial for the miniaturization of the mass spectrometer. In this study, the MS performance in the reverse secular frequency scanning (RSFS) mode is optimized for a rectilinear ion trap (RIT), and a method for rapid MS analysis using continuous secular frequency scanning (CSFS) is proposed. METHODS A RIT mass spectrometer with an auxiliary AC frequency scanning function was built. The resolution, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and quantitation capability in the RSFS mode were characterized and optimized. Operation in the CSFS mode was then performed by scanning the frequency of the auxiliary AC signal continuously and periodically while maintaining the RF signal and the front Z electrode in the ion injection state, so that the ion injection and cooling were performed at the same time as the mass analysis. RESULTS With this system, the RSFS mode achieved unit mass resolution at 332 Th, and the MS/MS analysis was completed without changing the RF amplitude at q = 0.4583 for reserpine. The limit of quantitation for imatinib was about 250 ng/mL with the determination coefficient R2 = 0.9981. In the CSFS mode, a single analysis cycle of less than 20 ms could be achieved, which is 14 times faster than the traditional sweep modes. In addition, 100% ion utilization can theoretically be achieved in the CSFS mode. CONCLUSIONS The CSFS mode is different from the traditional phased sequential operation mode of an ion trap mass spectrometer. By periodic scanning of the auxiliary AC frequency while maintaining ion injection, it is possible to improve the analysis efficiency of the mass spectrometer, which has the prospect of useful application in the field of rapid MS monitoring. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinming Huo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Fei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Tongtong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shiyun Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Kai Ni
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Division of Advanced Manufacturing, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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