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Guo JC, Feng LY, Dong C, Zhai HJ. A designer 32-electron superatomic CBe8H12 cluster: core–shell geometry, octacoordinate carbon, and cubic aromaticity. NEW J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00778a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A 32-electron CBe8H12 cluster is designed with cubic octacoordinate carbon. It features core–shell geometry, two-fold superatomic bonding, and cubic aromaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chang Guo
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Lin-Yan Feng
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Chuan Dong
- Institute of Environmental Science
- Center of Environmental Science and Engineering Research
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
| | - Hua-Jin Zhai
- Nanocluster Laboratory
- Institute of Molecular Science
- Shanxi University
- Taiyuan 030006
- China
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Tam NM, Duong LV, Cuong NT, Nguyen MT. Structure, stability, absorption spectra and aromaticity of the singly and doubly silicon doped aluminum clusters Al n Si m 0/+ with n = 3-16 and m = 1, 2. RSC Adv 2019; 9:27208-27223. [PMID: 35529187 PMCID: PMC9070575 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04004h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Structures of the binary Al n Si m clusters in both neutral and cationic states were investigated using DFT and TD-DFT (B3LYP/6-311+G(d)) and (U)CCSD(T)/cc-pvTZ calculations. Silicon-doped aluminum clusters are characterized by low spin ground states. For small sizes, the Si dopant prefers to be located at vertices having many edges. For larger sizes, the Si atom prefers to be endohedrally doped inside an Al n cage. Relative stability, adiabatic ionization energy and dissociation energies of each cluster size were evaluated. A characteristic of most Si doped Al clusters is the energetic degeneracy of two lowest-lying isomers. Calculated results confirm the high stability of the sizes Al4Si2, Al12Si and Al11Si2 + as "magic" clusters, that exhibit 20 or 40 shell electrons and are thermodynamically more stable as compared to their neighbors. Electronic absorption spectra of isoelectronic magic clusters Al13 -, Al12Si, and Al11Si2 + that have two pronounced bands corresponding to blue and violet lights, have been rationalized by using the electron shell model. The magnetically included ring current density (MICD) analyses suggest that they are also aromatic structures as a result of the "magic" 40 shell electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Minh Tam
- Computational Chemistry Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Long Van Duong
- Institute for Computational Science and Technology (ICST) Quang Trung Software City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Ngo Tuan Cuong
- Faculty of Chemistry and Center for Computational Science, Hanoi National University of Education Hanoi Vietnam
| | - Minh Tho Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200F B-3001 Leuven Belgium
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Armstrong A, Reber AC, Khanna SN. Multiple-Valence Aluminum and the Electronic and Geometric Structure of Al nO m Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2019; 123:5114-5121. [PMID: 31146532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b01729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Electronic stability in aluminum clusters is typically associated with either closed electronic shells of delocalized electrons or a +3 oxidation state of aluminum. To investigate whether there are alternative routes toward electronic stability in aluminum oxide clusters, we used theoretical methods to examine the geometric and electronic structure of Al nO m (2 ≤ n ≤ 7; 1 ≤ m ≤ 10) clusters. Electronically stable clusters with large HOMO-LUMO (highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) gaps were identified and could be grouped into two categories. (1) Al2 nO3 n clusters with a +3 oxidation state on the aluminum and (2) planar clusters including Al4O4, Al5O3, Al6O5, and Al6O6. The structures of the planar clusters have external Al atoms bound to a single O atom. Their electronic stability is explained by the multiple-valence Al sites, with the internal Al atoms having an oxidation state of +3, whereas the external Al atoms have an oxidation state of +1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Armstrong
- Department of Physics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Arthur C Reber
- Department of Physics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
| | - Shiv N Khanna
- Department of Physics , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , Virginia 23284 , United States
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Probing the Geometric and Electronic Structures of the Monogadolinium Oxide GdO n-1/0 ( n = 1-4) Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:8776-8782. [PMID: 30351102 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The existence of abundant 4f electrons significantly increases the complexity and difficulty in precisely determining the geometric and electronic structures of the lanthanide oxide clusters. Herein, by combining the photoelectron imaging spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the electronic structure of GdO was investigated. An electron affinity (EA) of 1.16 ± 0.09 eV is obtained, and the measured anisotropy parameter (β) provides direct experimental evidence about the orbital symmetry of the detached electron in GdO-. DFT calculations have been employed to acquire the optimized geometries of the GdO n-1/0 ( n = 2-4) clusters, and multiple activated oxygen species, which are radical, peroxide, superoxide, triradical, and ozonide radical, are found in these oxide clusters. Simulated photoelectron spectra (PES) of the GdO n-1/0 ( n = 2-4) clusters are examined, which may stimulate further experimental investigations on the gadolinium oxide clusters. In addition, the valence molecular orbitals (MOs) of these clusters are also discussed to reveal the interaction between the lanthanide metal (Gd) and O atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China.,Suzhou Institute of Shandong University , Suzhou , Jiangsu 215123 , China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Shandong University , Jinan 250100 , China
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Chen J, Yang H, Wang J, Cheng SB. Theoretical investigations on the d-p hybridized aromaticity, photoelectron spectroscopy and neutral salts of the LaX 2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 203:132-138. [PMID: 29874633 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.05.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We present an extensive density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the geometrical and electronic structures of the triatomic LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. Various trail structures and spin states have been attempted to determine the lowest-energy geometries of these La-doped metal clusters. The ground states of all three clusters are calculated to possess the trigonal structures with the singlet multiplicities. The calculations on molecular orbitals (MOs) and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) values have been performed to examine the aromatic characteristics of the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters. The present calculations disclose that all these metal clusters are doubly aromatic, namely d-p hybridized σ and π aromaticity resulting from the effective overlap between the 5d atomic orbital of the La atom and the p orbitals of the IIIA group elements. Theoretical vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were also calculated to simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES) of the clusters. In addition, by adding the alkali cations (Li+ and Na+) into the LaX2- (X=Al, Ga, In) clusters, the geometries and electronic structures of the corresponding neutral salts have also been investigated to gain more insights in the potential of using these aromatic anions as building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China; Suzhou Institute of Shandong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Huan Yang
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Bo Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang X, Lundell KA, Olson JK, Bowen KH, Boldyrev AI. Electronic Transmutation (ET): Chemically Turning One Element into Another. Chemistry 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 P. R. China
| | - Katie A. Lundell
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Jared K. Olson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
| | - Kit H. Bowen
- Departments of Chemistry and Material Science Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Alexander I. Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Utah State University 0300 Old Main Hill Logan UT 84322-0300 USA
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Zhang X, Wang L, Montone GR, Gill AF, Ganteför G, Eichhorn B, Kandalam AK, Bowen KH. Low oxidation state aluminum-containing cluster anions: LAlH - and LAl n- (n = 2-4, L = N[Si(Me) 3] 2). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:15541-15548. [PMID: 28581549 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp01560g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several low oxidation state aluminum-containing cluster anions, LAlH- and LAln- (n = 2-4, L = N[Si(Me)3]2), were produced via reactions between aluminum hydride cluster anions, AlxHy-, and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). These clusters were characterized by mass spectrometry, anion photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) based calculations. Agreement between the experimental and theoretical vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and adiabatic detachment energies (ADEs) validated the computed geometrical structures. Reactions between aluminum hydride cluster anions and ligands promise to be a new synthetic scheme for low oxidation state, ligated aluminum clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.
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Jiang LX, Zhao C, Li XN, Chen H, He SG. Formation of Gas-Phase Formate in Thermal Reactions of Carbon Dioxide with Diatomic Iron Hydride Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201611483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100049 China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences; State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species; Institute of Chemistry; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 China
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Jiang LX, Zhao C, Li XN, Chen H, He SG. Formation of Gas-Phase Formate in Thermal Reactions of Carbon Dioxide with Diatomic Iron Hydride Anions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:4187-4191. [PMID: 28240413 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201611483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The hydrogenation of carbon dioxide involves the activation of the thermodynamically very stable molecule CO2 and formation of a C-H bond. Herein, we report that HCO2- and CO can be formed in the thermal reaction of CO2 with a diatomic metal hydride species, FeH- . The FeH- anions were produced by laser ablation, and the reaction with CO2 was analyzed by mass spectrometry and quantum-chemical calculations. Gas-phase HCO2- was observed directly as a product, and its formation was predicted to proceed by facile hydride transfer. The mechanism of CO2 hydrogenation in this gas-phase study parallels similar behavior of a condensed-phase iron catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xue Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chongyang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiao-Na Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Sheng-Gui He
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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