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Fellows AP, Duque ÁD, Balos V, Lehmann L, Netz RR, Wolf M, Thämer M. How Thick is the Air-Water Interface?─A Direct Experimental Measurement of the Decay Length of the Interfacial Structural Anisotropy. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:18760-18772. [PMID: 39171356 PMCID: PMC11375779 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c02571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The air-water interface is a highly prevalent phase boundary impacting many natural and artificial processes. The significance of this interface arises from the unique properties of water molecules within the interfacial region, with a crucial parameter being the thickness of its structural anisotropy, or "healing depth". This quantity has been extensively assessed by various simulations which have converged to a prediction of a remarkably short length of ∼6 Å. Despite the absence of any direct experimental measurement of this quantity, this predicted value has surprisingly become widely accepted as fact. Using an advancement in nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy, we provide the first measurement of this thickness and, indeed, find it to be ∼6-8 Å, finally confirming the prior predictions. Lastly, by combining the experimental results with depth-dependent second-order spectra calculated from ab initio parametrized molecular dynamics simulations, which are also in excellent agreement with this experimental result, we shed light on this surprisingly short correlation length of molecular orientations at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P Fellows
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Álvaro Díaz Duque
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vasileios Balos
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Louis Lehmann
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland R Netz
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Wolf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Thämer
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin, Germany
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2
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Chiang KY, Yu X, Yu CC, Seki T, Sun S, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Bulklike Vibrational Coupling of Surface Water Revealed by Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:256202. [PMID: 38181372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.256202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Vibrational coupling between interfacial water molecules is important for energy dissipation after on-water chemistry, yet intensely debated. Here, we quantify the interfacial vibrational coupling strength through the linewidth of surface-specific vibrational spectra of the water's O─H (O─D) stretch region for neat H_{2}O/D_{2}O and their isotopic mixtures. The local-field-effect-corrected experimental SFG spectra reveal that the vibrational coupling between hydrogen-bonded interfacial water O─H groups is comparable to that in bulk water, despite the effective density reduction at the interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Yang Chiang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiaoqing Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Chun-Chieh Yu
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Takakazu Seki
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shumei Sun
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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3
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Yamaguchi S, Takayama T, Otosu T. Appraisal of TIP4P-type models at water surface. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:171101. [PMID: 37909448 DOI: 10.1063/5.0171999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In view of the current situation in which non-polarizable rigid water models have been scarcely examined against surface-specific properties, we appraise TIP4P-type models at the liquid water surface on the basis of heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy. We find in the HD-SFG spectrum of the water surface that the peak frequency of the hydrogen-bonded OH band, the half width at half maximum of the hydrogen-bonded OH band, and the full width at half maximum of the free OH band are best reproduced by TIP4P, TIP4P/Ew, and TIP4P/Ice, respectively, whereas it is already well known that TIP4P/2005 best reproduces the surface tension. These TIP4P-type models perform better at the water surface in terms of the present appraisal items than some polarizable models in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tetsuyuki Takayama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Takuhiro Otosu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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4
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Yamaguchi S, Otosu T. Progress in phase-sensitive sum frequency generation spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:18253-18267. [PMID: 34195730 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01994e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Sum frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is a unique and powerful tool for investigating surfaces and interfaces at the molecular level. Phase-sensitive SFG (PS-SFG) is an upgraded technique that can overcome the inherent drawbacks of conventional SFG. Here we review several methods of PS-SFG developed and reported in 1990-2020. We introduce how and by which group each PS-SFG method was designed and built in terms of interferometer implementation for optical heterodyne detection, with one exception of a recent numerical method that does not rely on interferometry. We also discuss how PS-SFG solved some typical problems for aqueous interfaces that were once left open by conventional SFG. These problems and their solutions are good examples to demonstrate why PS-SFG is essential. In addition, we briefly note a few terminology issues related with PS-SFG to avoid confusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan.
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5
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Xu X, Shen YR, Tian C. Response to “Comment on ‘Phase-sensitive sum frequency vibrational spectroscopic study of air/water interfaces: H2O, D2O, and diluted isotopic mixtures’” [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 237101 (2020)]. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:237102. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0003734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y. Ron Shen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chuanshan Tian
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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6
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Tang F, Ohto T, Sun S, Rouxel JR, Imoto S, Backus EHG, Mukamel S, Bonn M, Nagata Y. Molecular Structure and Modeling of Water-Air and Ice-Air Interfaces Monitored by Sum-Frequency Generation. Chem Rev 2020; 120:3633-3667. [PMID: 32141737 PMCID: PMC7181271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
From a glass of water to glaciers in Antarctica, water-air and ice-air interfaces are abundant on Earth. Molecular-level structure and dynamics at these interfaces are key for understanding many chemical/physical/atmospheric processes including the slipperiness of ice surfaces, the surface tension of water, and evaporation/sublimation of water. Sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy is a powerful tool to probe the molecular-level structure of these interfaces because SFG can specifically probe the topmost interfacial water molecules separately from the bulk and is sensitive to molecular conformation. Nevertheless, experimental SFG has several limitations. For example, SFG cannot provide information on the depth of the interface and how the orientation of the molecules varies with distance from the surface. By combining the SFG spectroscopy with simulation techniques, one can directly compare the experimental data with the simulated SFG spectra, allowing us to unveil the molecular-level structure of water-air and ice-air interfaces. Here, we present an overview of the different simulation protocols available for SFG spectra calculations. We systematically compare the SFG spectra computed with different approaches, revealing the advantages and disadvantages of the different methods. Furthermore, we account for the findings through combined SFG experiments and simulations and provide future challenges for SFG experiments and simulations at different aqueous interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fujie Tang
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physics, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, United States
| | - Tatsuhiko Ohto
- Graduate
School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Shumei Sun
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jérémy R. Rouxel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sho Imoto
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Ellen H. G. Backus
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, Mainz 55128, Germany
- Department
of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory
of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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7
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Xu X, Shen YR, Tian C. Phase-sensitive sum frequency vibrational spectroscopic study of air/water interfaces: H2O, D2O, and diluted isotopic mixtures. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:144701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Xu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y. Ron Shen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Chuanshan Tian
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing 210093, China
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8
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Marmolejos JM, Bisson PJ, Shultz MJ. Gold as a standard phase reference in complex sum frequency generation measurements. J Chem Phys 2019; 150:124705. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5081147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joam M. Marmolejos
- Water and Interface Surface Science Laboratory, Pearson Chemistry Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Patrick J. Bisson
- Water and Interface Surface Science Laboratory, Pearson Chemistry Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Mary Jane Shultz
- Water and Interface Surface Science Laboratory, Pearson Chemistry Laboratory, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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9
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Liang C, Jeon J, Cho M. Ab initio Modeling of the Vibrational Sum-Frequency Generation Spectrum of Interfacial Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:1153-1158. [PMID: 30802060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the structural and dynamical features of interfacial water is of greatest interest in physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science. Vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy, which is sensitive to the molecular orientation and dynamics on the surfaces or at the interfaces, allows one to study a wide variety of interfacial systems. The structural and dynamical features of interfacial water at the air/water interface have been extensively investigated by SFG spectroscopy. However, the interpretations of the spectroscopic features have been under intense debate. Here, we report a simulated SFG spectrum of the air/water interface based on ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, which covers the OH stretching, bending, and libration modes of interfacial water. Quantitative agreement between our present simulations and the most recent experimental studies ensures that ab initio simulations predict unbiased structural features and electrical properties of interfacial systems. By utilizing the kinetic energy spectral density (KESD) analysis to decompose the simulated spectra, the spectroscopic features can then be assigned to specific hydrogen-bonding configurations of interfacial water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungwen Liang
- Computational Modeling Core, Institute for Applied Life Sciences (IALS) , University of Massachusetts Amherst , Amherst , Massachusetts 01003 , United States
| | - Jonggu Jeon
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
| | - Minhaeng Cho
- Center for Molecular Spectroscopy and Dynamics, Institute for Basic Science (IBS) , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Korea
- Department of Chemistry , Korea University , Seoul 02841 , Republic of Korea
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10
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Nojima Y, Suzuki Y, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi S. Proton Order toward the Surface of Ice I h Revealed by Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5031-5034. [PMID: 28968104 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Using heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation (HD-SFG) spectroscopy, we investigated surface proton order at the basal, primary prism, and secondary prism faces of single-crystalline ice Ih at ca. 130 K. The complex phase of the obtained spectra clearly indicates that second-order nonlinear polarization from which the HD-SFG signal arises is generated exclusively at the surfaces. This suggests surface proton ordering along the normal, whereas the bulk remains proton-disordered, as is well known for ice Ih. A strong positive peak observed in the HD-SFG spectra enables us to determine the "direction" of the surface proton order as "H-up", that is, the hydrogen atom of the OH group pointing away from the bulk, irrespective of the ice faces. Reliable HD-SFG measurements carried out in the present study have greatly advanced our understanding of surface structure of ice Ih.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Nojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yudai Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Misato Takahashi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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11
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Suzuki Y, Nojima Y, Yamaguchi S. Vibrational Coupling at the Topmost Surface of Water Revealed by Heterodyne-Detected Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1396-1401. [PMID: 28294626 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Unraveling vibrational coupling is the key to consistently interpret vibrational spectra of complex molecular systems. The vibrational spectrum of the water surface heavily suffers from vibrational coupling, which hinders complete understanding of the molecular structure and dynamics of the water surface. Here we apply heterodyne-detected sum frequency generation spectroscopy to the water surface and accomplish the assignment of a weak vibrational band located at the lower energy side of the free OH stretch. We find that this band is due to a combination mode of the hydrogen-bonded OH stretch and a low-frequency intermolecular vibration, and this combination band appears in the surface vibrational spectrum through anharmonic vibrational coupling that takes place exclusively at the topmost surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Yuki Nojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
| | - Shoichi Yamaguchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura, Saitama 338-8570, Japan
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12
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Sun S, Liang R, Xu X, Zhu H, Shen YR, Tian C. Response to "Comment on 'Phase reference in phase-sensitive sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy"' [J. Chem. Phys. 145, 167101 (2016)]. J Chem Phys 2017; 145:167102. [PMID: 27802644 DOI: 10.1063/1.4965438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Sun
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Rongda Liang
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Xiaofan Xu
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Heyuan Zhu
- Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Y Ron Shen
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Chuanshan Tian
- Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics, and Key Laboratory of Micro- and Nano-Photonic Structures (MOE), Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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13
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Schaefer J, Backus EHG, Nagata Y, Bonn M. Both Inter- and Intramolecular Coupling of O-H Groups Determine the Vibrational Response of the Water/Air Interface. J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:4591-4595. [PMID: 27797213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.6b02513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational coupling is relevant not only for dissipation of excess energy after chemical reactions but also for elucidating molecular structure and dynamics. It is particularly important for O-H stretch vibrational spectra of water, for which it is known that in bulk both intra- and intermolecular coupling alter the intensity and line shape of the spectra. In contrast with bulk, the unified picture of the inter/intra-molecular coupling of O-H groups at the water-air interface has been lacking. Here, combining sum-frequency generation experiments and simulation for isotopically diluted water and alcohols, we unveil effects of inter- and intramolecular coupling on the vibrational spectra of interfacial water. Our results show that both inter- and intramolecular coupling contribute to the O-H stretch vibrational response of the neat H2O surface, with intramolecular coupling generating a double-peak feature, while the intermolecular coupling induces a significant red shift in the O-H stretch response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Schaefer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen H G Backus
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yuki Nagata
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research , Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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